US3765827A - Inclined hearth kiln for the firing and sintering of material - Google Patents

Inclined hearth kiln for the firing and sintering of material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3765827A
US3765827A US00274237A US3765827DA US3765827A US 3765827 A US3765827 A US 3765827A US 00274237 A US00274237 A US 00274237A US 3765827D A US3765827D A US 3765827DA US 3765827 A US3765827 A US 3765827A
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Prior art keywords
wall
combustion chamber
vertical
partition
sloping
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US00274237A
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English (en)
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K Beckenbach
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WARMESTELLE STEINE und ERDEN A GERMAN CORP GmbH
WARMESTELLE STEINE und ERDEN GmbH
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Assigned to WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH, A GERMAN CORP. reassignment WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH, A GERMAN CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BECKENBACH, KARL
Assigned to WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH reassignment WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BECKENBACH, HELMUTH, BECKENBACH, KARL BY HELMUTH BECKENBACH, ATTORNEY IN FACT, BECKENBACH, ULRICH
Assigned to BARCLAYS-AMERICAN/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., 111 FOUNDERS PLAZA, EAST HARTFORD, CT. 06108 A CT. CORP. reassignment BARCLAYS-AMERICAN/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., 111 FOUNDERS PLAZA, EAST HARTFORD, CT. 06108 A CT. CORP. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FULLER COMPANY
Assigned to FULLER COMPANY reassignment FULLER COMPANY RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BARCLAYS BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP OF CT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/005—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces

Definitions

  • Burning and sintering kilns are known of a type having one combustion chamber or a number of combustion chambers which are disposed one above another and each of which combustion chambers comprises a substantially horizontal curved arch forming the roof of the chamber, a sloping operative surface with lateral boundaries, a vertical combustion chamber wall opposite said sloping surface, burners in the top of the vertical wall, a substantially vertical preheating shaft extending into the top of the combustion chamber over the upper end of the sloping operative surface, and a discharge shaft at the lower end of the sloping operative surface.
  • the angle of slope of the operative surface with respect to the horizontal must, in kilns of this kind, be greater than the angle of repose of the material sliding down over the operative surface, to ensure that the dust which trickles through the descending layer can also slip down over the operative surface. Consequently, the thickness of the layer of material sliding down and operative surface increases downwardly, and so the depth to which gases and radiated heat can penetrate into the layer decreases downwardly, in relative terms.
  • Another disadvantage of having a very thick layer on the operative surface is that it reduces the internal volume of the combustion chamber, but for complete combustion of the fuel charges and to ensure that the combustion material is not treated harshly, it is very important for there to be sufficient free space above the layer of material in the combustion chamber or for there to be an adequate spacing between the surface of the material and the operative surface.
  • an inclined burning and sintering kiln comprising means defining at least one combustion chamber and including vertical combustion chamber wall and a sloping wall connecting the lower end of said second vertical preheating shaft wall and the upper end of said fourth vertical wall, said sloping wall defining a sloping operative surface opposed to said first mentioned vertical wall, and opposed side walls connecting said first vertical combustion chamber wall said top wall and said sloping wall to define the combustion chamber and connecting said first and second preheating shaft wall to define a substantially vertical preheating shaft connected at its lower end to the top of the combustion chamber, said side walls also connecting said fourth vertical wall and said first vertical combustion chamber wall to define therewith a discharge shaft extending downwards from the bottom of the combustion chamber, said sloping operative surface sloping downwardly towards said first vertical combustion chamber wall from the preheating shaft to the discharge shaft, said kiln further including at least one support wall extending vertically upwards from said sloping operative surface and parallel with said side walls and at least
  • the partition brings about a reduction in thickness of the material treated in the kiln over said sloping surface, with simultaneous improvement in combustion conditions, leading to more uniform heating of the material in the combustion chamber.
  • the presence of the partition borne by one or more support walls also helps to even out the rate of descent of the material transversely of the operative surface. In kilns devoid of bearing walls the rate of descent is decreased considerably in the two lateral zones of the operative surface, i.e.
  • the combustion chamber roof or top wall is generally arched, (i.e. vaulted) for reasons of strength and for this reason, in prior kilns more material issues from the bottom of the preheating shaft near the centre of the arch thenadjacent the side walls of the chambers, i.e. more material issues over the central part of the sloping operative surface than adjacent the sides thereof, so that the thickness of the layer of material on said operative surface is greater in the central zone than in the side zones.
  • This feature is of advantage more particularly in large inclined kilns in which the arch height of the vaulting is correspondingly large and in which, in the absence of partition, the layer thickness in the central region would be very much greater than it is at the sides of the operative surface.
  • the means previously needed in such large kilns to compensate for differences, in the thickness of the layer of material and in the speed of descent, over the width of the operative surface, such as special control of the burners allocated to the various zones, can thus be omitted in kilns according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal section through the top combustion chamber of one embodiment of inclined kiln according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a secton on the line 22 of FIG. 1, looking in the direction of the corresponding arrows;
  • FIG. 3 is a section on the line 33 of FIG. 1; looking the direction of the corresponding arrows;
  • FIG. 4 is a view' similar to FIG. 1 of another embodiment of inclined kiln, and
  • FIG. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of FIG. 4, looking in the direction of the corresponding arrows.
  • the drawings show the top combustion chamber only of a dual inclined kiln comprising two combustion chambers which are disposed one above the other.
  • the combustion chamber 10 includes a top wall or roof 14 which is generally horizontal in longitudinal section.
  • One end of the top wall 14 terminates at and is connected with the upper end of a vertical combustion chamber wall 20.
  • the opposite end of the top wall 14 terminates at and is connected to the lower end of a first vertical wall of a preheating shaft extending upwardly from the level of the top wall 14.
  • a second vertical preheating shaft wall Spaced from and parallel with the first vertical preheating shaft wall on the side thereof furthest from the wall 20 is a second vertical preheating shaft wall, the distance between said preheating shaft walls being substantially less than the length of the top wall 14 between the wall 20 and the first preheating shaft wall.
  • a fourth vertical wall parallel with the wall 20 and spaced therefrom on the same side of the wall 20 as the preheating shaft, at the same distance as the spacing between said preheating shaft walls.
  • a sloping wall defining a sloping operative surface 16 extends from the top of said fourth vertical wall to the bottom of said second preheating shaft wall.
  • the top wall 14 is arched transversely to provide structural strength.
  • the lower end of said second preheating shaft wall within the chamber is at substantially the same level as the ends of the arch of the top wall.
  • Burners 18 are provided in the wall 20 adjacent the top thereof.
  • the preheating shaft 12 and discharge shaft 24 are parallel but offset with respect to each other.
  • the lower combustion chamber (not shown) may be identical with the upper combustion chamber 10 in all respects (including those yet to be described), but is effectively displaced through about a vertical axis with respect to the upper chamber, the preheating shaft of the lower chamber being formed as a continuation of the discharge shaft 24 of the upper chamber so that the lower end of the wall 20 forms the second preheating shaft wall of the lower chamber and said fourth vertical wall forms the first preheating shaft wall of the lower chamber so that the discharge shaft of the lower chamber is aligned with the preheating shaft of the upper chamber, and the operative surfaces of the two chambers slope in opposite directions.
  • the slope angle of the surface 16 is greater than the angle of repose of the material entering through the feed shaft 12. If there were no other constructional elements in the chamber 10 than those already described, so that the chamber was of substantially conventional construction, the material entering through the shaft 12 would take up a position on the operative surface 16 such that there would be a continuous'increase downwardly in the thickness of the layer of material on the surface 16. The position which the surface of this layer would occupy is indicated in FIG. 1 by the build-up line a extending from the shaft 12 to the vertical combustion chamber wall 20. Consequently, at the bottom of the combustion chamber of conventional inclined kilns the thickness of the layer of material is so great that the combustion gases from the burners cannot fully penetrate the layer, nor can the heat radiating from the unoccupied part of the combustion chamber. Also, the reduction of the available gas flow space in the combustion chamber due to the thickness of the layer inhibits proper combustion of the liquid or gas fuel.
  • a relatively narrow partition 26 is provided the upper edge of which is spaced a short distance away from the arched roof I4 and the lower edge of which is spaced substantially from the surface 16.
  • the partition extends transversely from one wall 22 to the other, i.e. entirely across the chamber and is disposed generally below the lower edge of said first wall of shaft 12 i.e., the wall which merges with the arch.
  • the partition 26, is anchored at its ends in the side walls 22 and is supported intermediate its ends by two support walls 28 which extend vertically parallel with the side walls, from the surface 16 upwardly to the partition.
  • the walls 28 are thinner than the walls 22.
  • the partition 26 is arcuate and substantially follows the contour of the arch 14.
  • the partition 26 comprises three small arches, one extending between one wall 22 and the adjacent wall 28, one extending between the two walls 28, and the remaining one extending between the other wall 22 and the adjacent wall 28.
  • the side faces of the partition 26 slope downwardly towards the surface 26 at an acute angle with respect thereto. It will be evident from FIG. 3 that the portions of the partitions between adjacent walls 28 or adjacent walls 22 and 28 are also arcuate when viewed from above in a direction parallel to their side surfaces. This renders these portions better able to withstand pressure exerted thereon by material issuing from shaft 12.
  • the material builds up below the partition along a line b, (indicating the upper surface of the layer) which is a much lower line than the line a, with the result that the thickness of the layer is decreased considerably and the unoccupied volume of the combustion chamber is increased correspondingly.
  • each bearing wall 28 has its edge nearest the wall extending from a position near the lower end of the surface 16 vertically upwards to the neighbourhood of the partition 26, on the side of the latter nearer the wall 20, and has an edge extending from the upper edge of partition 26, horizontally as far as the plane of the inner face of said first wall of the shaft 12, to meet a further edge which slopes downwards to the operative surface 16 in a direction away from the wall 20 and at an acute angle to surface 16.
  • the walls 28 can, if preferred, be extended right up to the top wall 14 to support the latter.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 is similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 3, except that the partition 26 has its side faces flat and vertical, its side face remote from the vertical chamber wall bearing the burners being in the plane of the inner face of the first wall of the preheating shaft, and the top of the partition 26 extends right up. to the top wall to provide additional support for the latter.
  • the top wall of the chamber can be formed in a single arch as indicated by the upper edge of the solid black area in FIG. 5, or the top wall can be formed in three individual vaults or arches as shown below the solid black area in FIG. 5.
  • top wall proper may be formed as a single arch or vault and simply the lower end of the first vertical wall of the preheating shaft formed in three small arches.
  • the burners 18 are so disposed as to be opposite the combustion chamber portions bounded laterally by the two bearing walls or by one bearing wall and one side wall 24. In the embodiment shown, therefore, there are three burners.
  • the lower edge of the partition is arched to the same extent as, or even more severely than, the top wall it is possible to form the lower edge of the partition either straight and parallel with the surface 16 or as a series of small arches each extending between two walls 28 or 26, 28 the series extending generally in such a straight line.
  • the thickness of the material layer on the surface 16, in different zones transversely thereof, may be maintained substantially equal.
  • An inclined burning and sintering kiln comprising means defining at least one combustion chamber and including a first vertical combustion chamber wall, burner means in said first vertical combustion chamber wall adjacent the top thereof, a substantially horizontal arched top wall having opposite ends connected at one said end to the top of said vertical wall, a first substantially vertical preheating shaft wall connected at its lower end to the other said end of said top wall, a second substantially vertical preheating shaft wall spaced from the said first vertical preheating shaft wall, a fourth vertical wall adjacent and spaced from the lower end of the first said vertical combustion chamber wall and a sloping wall connecting the lower end of said second vertical preheating shaft wall and the upper end of I said fourth vertical wall, said sloping wall defining a sloping operative surface opposed to said first mentioned vertical wall, and opposed side walls connecting said first vertical combustion chamber wall, said top wall and said sloping wall to define the combustion chamber and connecting said first and second preheating shaft wall to define a substantially vertical preheating shaft connected at its lower end to the top of the
  • said partition having a lower edge spaced from said sloping operative surface whereby granular material supplied through said preheating shaft will be constrained to pass into said combustion chamber only under the lower edge of said partition.
  • each said supporting wall has a first edge which extends substantially vertically from adjacent the lower end of said sloping operative surface to the level of said partition on the side of said partition nearer said first vertical combustion chamber wall and has a further edge which slopes downwardly away from said first vertical combustion chamber wall to said sloping operative surface from a vide additional support for said top wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US00274237A 1971-07-28 1972-07-24 Inclined hearth kiln for the firing and sintering of material Expired - Lifetime US3765827A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2137723A DE2137723C3 (de) 1971-07-28 1971-07-28 Schrägofen

Publications (1)

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US3765827A true US3765827A (en) 1973-10-16

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US00274237A Expired - Lifetime US3765827A (en) 1971-07-28 1972-07-24 Inclined hearth kiln for the firing and sintering of material

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3765827A (de)
JP (1) JPS517479B1 (de)
AT (1) AT319124B (de)
BE (1) BE786941A (de)
CH (1) CH538099A (de)
DE (1) DE2137723C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2147744A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1365776A (de)
IT (1) IT963536B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856463A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-12-24 K Beckenbach Inclined furnace for calcination and sintering of material particularly splint limestone
US5423676A (en) * 1992-03-30 1995-06-13 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Waste melting furnace

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6055755B2 (ja) * 1981-11-05 1985-12-06 宇部興産株式会社 二重傾斜炉

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US238455A (en) * 1881-03-01 Charles stetefeldt
US3164380A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-01-05 Westfalia Dinnendahl Device for charging and preheating granular material passing into a kiln

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US238455A (en) * 1881-03-01 Charles stetefeldt
US3164380A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-01-05 Westfalia Dinnendahl Device for charging and preheating granular material passing into a kiln

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856463A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-12-24 K Beckenbach Inclined furnace for calcination and sintering of material particularly splint limestone
US5423676A (en) * 1992-03-30 1995-06-13 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Waste melting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2137723A1 (de) 1973-03-08
JPS517479B1 (de) 1976-03-08
DE2137723B2 (de) 1973-12-13
BE786941A (fr) 1973-01-29
AT319124B (de) 1974-12-10
IT963536B (it) 1974-01-21
CH538099A (de) 1973-06-15
DE2137723C3 (de) 1974-07-11
FR2147744A5 (de) 1973-03-09
GB1365776A (en) 1974-09-04

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AS Assignment

Owner name: WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH; KLEVER STRASSE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BECKENBACH, KARL;REEL/FRAME:003935/0190

Effective date: 19811109

AS Assignment

Owner name: WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BECKENBACH, KARL BY HELMUTH BECKENBACH, ATTORNEY IN FACT;BECKENBACH, ULRICH;BECKENBACH, HELMUTH;REEL/FRAME:003948/0509

Effective date: 19820111

Owner name: WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH, A GERMAN CORP.,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BECKENBACH, KARL BY HELMUTH BECKENBACH, ATTORNEY IN FACT;BECKENBACH, ULRICH;BECKENBACH, HELMUTH;REEL/FRAME:003948/0509

Effective date: 19820111

Owner name: WARMESTELLE STEINE UND ERDEN GMBH, KLEVER STRASSE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BECKENBACH, KARL BY HELMUTH BECKENBACH, ATTORNEY IN FACT;BECKENBACH, ULRICH;BECKENBACH, HELMUTH;REEL/FRAME:003948/0509

Effective date: 19820111

AS Assignment

Owner name: BARCLAYS-AMERICAN/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., 111 FOUND

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FULLER COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004994/0255

Effective date: 19881214

AS Assignment

Owner name: FULLER COMPANY, PENNSYLVANIA

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP OF CT;REEL/FRAME:005465/0255

Effective date: 19900912