US3763376A - Detector device for haemodialysis unit - Google Patents

Detector device for haemodialysis unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3763376A
US3763376A US00265370A US3763376DA US3763376A US 3763376 A US3763376 A US 3763376A US 00265370 A US00265370 A US 00265370A US 3763376D A US3763376D A US 3763376DA US 3763376 A US3763376 A US 3763376A
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United States
Prior art keywords
light
chamber
windows
detector
electrolytic solution
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00265370A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Diamanti
E Denti
P Torinese
A Vercellone
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Sorin SpA
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Sorin SpA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1692—Detection of blood traces in dialysate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting blood [2i] Appl. No.: 265,370 loss from an electrolytic solution used for haemodial ysis.
  • the device comprises a cylindrical chamber having a window in the lower part of each end wall and [30 ⁇ Foreign Application Priority Data inlet and outlet ports at the top.
  • the windows are cou- June 30, I97] Italy 69222 A/7l pled to respective light guides which transmit light.
  • the present invention relates to a device capable of measuring the haematic losses in an electrolytic solution used in haemodialysis.
  • Blood losses from the haematic circuit are particularly serious for those patients who are suffering from uraemia, due partly to the tendency towards anaemia which is characteristic of the uraemia syndrome, and partly to the increased duration of each dialysis session. Even very small losses through microscopic holes in the membrane, for instance of the order of 0.05 cm of blood per minute, lead, at the end of a dialysis session, to a total loss which may be greater than 50cm. It is thus evident that in the treatment of chronic uraemia it is important to be able to detect any haematic loss as soon as possible.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide apparatus in which both the abovementioned disadvantages are at least reduced and preferably substantially eliminated.
  • a device for detecting haematic losses in an electrolytic solution being used for haemodialysis comprising a tion, and circuits connected to the photosensitive element sensitive to variations of its output signal and operative to provide a signal when the variation exceeds a predetermined threshold value, characterized in that between the source of light and the associated window, and between the photosensitive element and the associated window there are provided respective light guides operable to direct the light to or from the associated window.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section of a measuring chamber forming part of the embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the electronic circuit used in conjunction with the measuring chamber illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a tubular sleeve 10 of rigid material, for instance metal, which is anchored to a base 12 by screws 14, I6.
  • the chamber is shown in FIG. 1 in a normal orientation and reference herein to upper and lower etc., will be construed as referring to the chamber when in the orientation shown in the drawing.
  • the sleeve 10 is provided with an inlet orifice I8 and an outlet orifice 20 for connection to haemodialysis apparatus (not shown) so as to allow the dialytic solution in the apparatus to flow through the measuring chamber.
  • the sleeve 10 is formed with two reference grooves 46, 48 for locating the plates 34, 36 in the correct orientation when the apparatus is being assembled.
  • the ends of the sleeve 10 are formed with screw threads so that the assembly comprising the plates 34, 36 and the cups 50, 52 can be secured thereto by means of threaded rings 58, 60.
  • an axially oriented rod 66 mounted between the plate 36 and the bottom (not shown) of the cup 52 carries a bracket 68 to which there is fixed, by a bolt 70, a lampholder 72 for lamp 74, supplied with current by conductors 76 from a connector 78.
  • a similar axial rod 80 is also mounted in the chamber 54 between the plate 34 and the bottom (not shown) of the cup 50.
  • a bracket 82 carried by the rod 80 supports a photosensitive assembly 84 comprising two phototransistors in a Darlington circuit, protected by a cover 86 on the outer end of the optical guide 42.
  • Output conductors 88 carry signals generated by the photosensitive assembly 84 to external detector circuits through connectors 89, 90.
  • This construction of the measuring chamber described above ensures that the transparent windows 22, 24 can be very easily dismantled for cleaning, inspection, or the like, and ensures that the geometry of the chamber is maintained upon reassembly without requiring adjustment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a supply and signalling circuit for use with the chamber described in relation to FIG. 1.
  • the lamp 74 is supplied from a stabilised power supply unit 100.
  • the photosensitive assembly 84 is connected to a potentiometer 102 the cursor 104 of which is connected to the input of a voltage amplifier 106. Adjustment of the potentiometer 102 thus effects adjustment of the sensitivity of the apparatus.
  • the output of the amplifier 106 is connected through conductors 108, 110 to a first comparator 112 and to a second comparator 114 respectively.
  • the comparators have respective regulation potentiometers 116, 1 18.
  • the output of the first comparator 112 is connected to a circuit 120 for excitation of a pre-alarm lamp 122.
  • the output of the alarm comparator 114 is connected to a circuit 124 for excitation respectively of a visible alarm indicator 126, an audible alarm indicator 128 and a relay 130 for detachment of the haematic pump (not shown) of the haematic circuit.
  • the threshold value of the first comparator 112 is selected so that the indication supplied by it will indicate a variation of transmission of the light attributable either to slight opacity of the windows of the measurement chamber or to a blood loss so small as not to justify suspension of the treatment.
  • the prealarm indication supplied by the indicator 122 is useful inasmuch as it relieves the supervising personnel of the necessity of performing a check on the measuringv chamber to determine whether its windows are clean before starting each dialysis session, it being only necessary to adjust the potentiometers 116 and 118 to compensate for any slight opacity of the windows at the commencement of the dialysis session.
  • the apparatus described above is capable of detecting blood losses which are much lower than the visible limits with direct supervision. This is especially important in that any leaks in the dialysis apparatus, evey of very small amounts, can be detected at an early stage so that any necessary precautionary or corrective measures can be taken in good time.
  • the apparatus automatically operates in the event of blood loss above the predetermined threshold to stop the blood pump, and therefore the dialysis, to avoid the danger of unacceptable blood loss even in the absence of supervision.
  • the lamp may be provided with a parabolic reflector so as to increase the luminous flux in the direction of the light guide.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the detecting circuit is given by way of example, and thus many variations are possible, such as the provision of different types of indication, in relation to the particular requirements of different circumstances.
  • a detector device for detecting blood loss in an electrolytic solution being used for haemodialysis in a dialysis unit comprising:
  • a housing defining a chamber
  • a first means comprising an inlet and an outlet means in communication with the upper part of said chamber and connecting said chamber to said dialysis unit, whereby said electrolytic solution can flow there through;
  • first and second light transmitting windows mounted in said housing at opposite ends thereof;
  • each of said first and second light transporting and channelization means comprising an opaque plate having an aperture formed therein in the lower part thereof and a light guide mounted in said aperture, whereby any air bubbles which may pass though said chamber will not pass between said light guides;
  • a light source adjacent the end of said light guide in said first light transporting and channelization means remote from said chamber, whereby light from said light source may be guided through said light guide into said chamber;
  • photosensitive means adjacent the end of said light guide in said second light transporting and channelization means remote from said chamber, whereby light transmitted through said chamber and through said second light transmitting window may be guided through said light guide to said photosensitive means;
  • detector means coupled to said photosensitive means, said detector means providing an alarm ends of said sleeves and threaded rings holding said windows in place on 'said sleeve.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
US00265370A 1971-06-30 1972-06-22 Detector device for haemodialysis unit Expired - Lifetime US3763376A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT69222/71A IT943410B (it) 1971-06-30 1971-06-30 Dispositivo utilizzabile nell emo dialisi per la misura di perdite ematiche della soluzione elettrolitica

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3763376A true US3763376A (en) 1973-10-02

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US00265370A Expired - Lifetime US3763376A (en) 1971-06-30 1972-06-22 Detector device for haemodialysis unit

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US (1) US3763376A (de)
DE (1) DE2232287A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2143943A1 (de)
IT (1) IT943410B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5670050A (en) * 1995-02-13 1997-09-23 Aksys, Ltd. Method for detection of leakage of blood
US11141515B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2021-10-12 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. System and method for dialyzer evaluation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900396A (en) * 1974-03-22 1975-08-19 Baxter Laboratories Inc Blood leak detector
US4166961A (en) * 1978-03-22 1979-09-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for detecting a blood leak in a hemodialysis system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835252A (en) * 1955-06-06 1958-05-20 James B Mcfadyen Monitor apparatus for blood transfusions
US3307447A (en) * 1963-11-04 1967-03-07 Beckman Instruments Inc Fluid cell with jet inlet directed toward window
US3325724A (en) * 1964-07-27 1967-06-13 William R Aiken Voltage stabilizer employing a photosensitive resistance element
US3518437A (en) * 1968-03-20 1970-06-30 Shell Oil Co Apparatus for measuring haze in flowing liquids utilizing an operational amplifier with photosensitive feedback and input resistors for computing the ratio of scattered to directly transmitted light
US3606539A (en) * 1968-11-13 1971-09-20 American Optical Corp Apparatus and method for measuring osmotic fragility of red blood cells

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2835252A (en) * 1955-06-06 1958-05-20 James B Mcfadyen Monitor apparatus for blood transfusions
US3307447A (en) * 1963-11-04 1967-03-07 Beckman Instruments Inc Fluid cell with jet inlet directed toward window
US3325724A (en) * 1964-07-27 1967-06-13 William R Aiken Voltage stabilizer employing a photosensitive resistance element
US3518437A (en) * 1968-03-20 1970-06-30 Shell Oil Co Apparatus for measuring haze in flowing liquids utilizing an operational amplifier with photosensitive feedback and input resistors for computing the ratio of scattered to directly transmitted light
US3606539A (en) * 1968-11-13 1971-09-20 American Optical Corp Apparatus and method for measuring osmotic fragility of red blood cells

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5670050A (en) * 1995-02-13 1997-09-23 Aksys, Ltd. Method for detection of leakage of blood
US11141515B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2021-10-12 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. System and method for dialyzer evaluation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2143943A1 (de) 1973-02-09
DE2232287A1 (de) 1973-01-18
IT943410B (it) 1973-04-02

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