US3763005A - Electrolytic process for obtaining chlorine in a pure state and alkali metal phosphates in concentrated solution and a cell for accomplishing this process - Google Patents
Electrolytic process for obtaining chlorine in a pure state and alkali metal phosphates in concentrated solution and a cell for accomplishing this process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3763005A US3763005A US00142672A US3763005DA US3763005A US 3763005 A US3763005 A US 3763005A US 00142672 A US00142672 A US 00142672A US 3763005D A US3763005D A US 3763005DA US 3763005 A US3763005 A US 3763005A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- cell
- chlorine
- process according
- compartment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 9
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015250 liver sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/30—Alkali metal phosphates
- C01B25/301—Preparation from liquid orthophosphoric acid or from an acid solution or suspension of orthophosphates
- C01B25/303—Preparation from liquid orthophosphoric acid or from an acid solution or suspension of orthophosphates with elimination of impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process ofmanufacturing electrolytically in a cationic permselective membrane cell, pure chlorine, hydrogen and alkali metal phosphates in concentrated solution, from alkali metal chlorides and phosphoric acid obtained from attack on natural phosphate by the wet process. It relates also to electrolysis equipment for use in this process.
- alkali metal chloride electrolysis in a cell having a permselective membrane of cationexchanger type gives rise to chlorine, hydrogen and a pure alkali metal hydroxide as compared to cells with diaphragms which act as percolators and which give chlorine, hydrogen and a diluted mixture of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorides.
- the process accordingto the present invention comprises introducing in forced circulation into the anodic compartment an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution, while concentrated phosphoric acid or a concentrated alkali metal phosphate aqueous solution is fed in forced circulation into the cathodic compartment of an electrolysis cell, the cell having a cationic permselective membrane placed between the two electrodes and an anode which is of a porous nature in order to allow electrolyte percolation, and which presents an electrochemical activity only on the face opposite to the membrane.
- This dilution may even be suppressed by a convenient choice of concentration ratio of the two liquid flows.
- the permselective membrane is a strong acid cationexchanger-membrane the material of which is chosen from those polymers presenting a good resistance to chlorine and alkaline agents, especially perfluorinated polymers. Substitution resistance of such a membrane :in 0.6 N potassium chloride is between 0.2 and 8 ohm.cm according to the cases, and with a selectivity greater than percent.
- the anodic compartment is divided into twodistinct portions; the properly anodic portion in which chlorine escapes on the side of the anode active face, and the portion between the anode and the membrane in which the electrolyte continuously sweeps the membrane, which is practically free from reaction products which escape on the active opposite face of the anode.
- Percolation avoids an undesirable return of chlorine on the membrane, which could be a nuisance during a long operation.
- the chlorine produced is not. contaminated with any other element; it is practically pure and contains a very small quantity of oxygen. There is no further-formation of oxidized derivatives of chlorine, especially chlora'tes.
- the anode is a metal anode perforated with fine holes, made of a metal which may be titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium or, their alloys and covered only on one face with an active coating which may be platinum, iridium, palladium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, their alloys or their oxides.
- the cathode is a metal cathode which may be perforated.
- the solution of alkali metal chlorides preferably has a concentration near to saturation.
- concentration near to saturation there may be used, in the case of sodium chloride solution, an industrial brine containing 300-315 g NaCl/l.
- the solution may also be continuously resaturated; However it is possible to use solutions having a lower concentration for example down to 50 g/l.
- the phosphoric acid used is the crude acid coming from treatment of natural phosphate by the wet process, and containing various cationic impurities. Since this acid is continuously introduced into the cathodic compartment, some of the metals present are reduced by the escaping hydrogen and precipitate in the from of phosphates in which the metal displays alow valency, which facilitates continuous filtration and a substantial recovery of P,O,, in the form of alkali metal phosphates. A complete removal of chromium and vanadium results, such products being especially troublesome in the further preparation of white alkali metal tripolyphosphates.
- the P content of the solution may vary between 200 and 500 g/l.
- the electrical energy used in the process according to the present invention is lower than that necessary for the production of the same quantity of chlorine in diaphragm cells. Electrical yield is greater than 99.5 percent.
- Chlorine free from hydrogen contains less than 0.5 percent of oxygen.
- the alkali metal phosphates produced contain less than 0.3 percent of the corresponding chloride.
- brine containing the recycled salt thru line 8 and a fresh quantity of salt thru 9 arrives continuously in cell 10 thru line 11 between the membrane l2 and the anode 14.
- Brine sweeps the membrane 12 which lets the sodium ions pass and electrolysis is conducted on the platinum covered active side 16 of the perforated titanium anode 14. Because of the circulation, very pure chlorine is removed at 18 at the same time as the unreacted brine. The mixture passes thru one or several degassers 20 which completely remove chlorine, which is sent to storage and brine is recycled thru 24 and a purifier 25. Phosphoric acid is fed continuously thru 26 into the cathodic compartment 28 consisting of a perforated nickel cathode 30. Because of the circulation, hydrogen, concentrated alkali metal phosphates and the precipitate of other metal phosphates are removed continuously thru 32, then pass into a degasser 34. Hydrogen is sent to storage thru 36, the precipitated phosphates are filtered at 38 and removed at 40 and pure alkali metal phosphates are obtained at 42 as a concentrated aqueous solution.
- the cell described in this way is a monoelement cell.
- Several monoelements may be mounted in series, according to techniques similar to that of filter-presses.
- EXAMPLE 1 sodium chloride 304 gr. per liter sodium carbonate 0.3 gr. per liter sodium sulfate 7 gr. per liter Ca l.5 gr. per liter Mg 0.4 gr. per liter
- a crude phosphoric acid coming from natural phosphate attach by the wet process and containing especially:
- EXAMPLE 3 Temperature 60C. Voltage 4 volts Anolyte recycling rate 70% EXAMPLE 4
- the solution arriving continuously under pressure into the anodic compartment of the cell used in the previous examples was potassium chloride of 340, g/l.
- Anolyte concentration was maintained near 310 g/l. of sodium chloride.
- a process of manufacturing chlorine in a pure state, hydrogen, and alkali metal phosphates in concentrated solution in an electrolysis cell said cell having a cationic permselective membrane separating an anode from a cathode and defining, respectiveiy, anodic and cathodic compartments, said anode being porous and presenting an electrochemical activity only on its face opposite from that nearest to said cationic permselective membrane, which process comprises introducing in forced circulation into the anodic compartment between the anode and said cationic permselective membrane an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution, at the same time introducing concentrated phosphoric acid or a concentrated alkali metal phosphate aqueous solution in forced circulation into the cathodic compartmerit, forcing anolite electrolyte to percolate through the porous anode thereby preventing chlorine from escaping into the space between said anode and said cationic permselective membrane.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7017742A FR2087342A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-05-15 | 1970-05-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3763005A true US3763005A (en) | 1973-10-02 |
Family
ID=9055567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00142672A Expired - Lifetime US3763005A (en) | 1970-05-15 | 1971-05-12 | Electrolytic process for obtaining chlorine in a pure state and alkali metal phosphates in concentrated solution and a cell for accomplishing this process |
Country Status (12)
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3974047A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1976-08-10 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Electrolytic cation exchange process for conjoint manufacture of chlorine and phosphate salts |
| US4086155A (en) * | 1975-04-25 | 1978-04-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Electrolyzer with released gas |
| US4100050A (en) * | 1973-11-29 | 1978-07-11 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Coating metal anodes to decrease consumption rates |
| US4308122A (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1981-12-29 | Hsa Reactors Limited | Apparatus for waste treatment equipment |
| US4389287A (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1983-06-21 | Skala Stephen F | Withdrawal of molten alkali hydroxide through an electrode for depletion of water dissolved therein |
| CN102732906A (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-17 | 四川大学 | 一种电解法制备磷酸二氢钾的方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE795460A (fr) * | 1972-02-16 | 1973-08-16 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Perfectionnements relatifs a des cuves electrolytiques |
-
1970
- 1970-05-15 FR FR7017742A patent/FR2087342A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-04-15 CS CS2692A patent/CS172923B2/cs unknown
- 1971-05-05 GB GB1319471*[A patent/GB1313441A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-11 ES ES391040A patent/ES391040A1/es not_active Expired
- 1971-05-12 US US00142672A patent/US3763005A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-05-12 SU SU1650585A patent/SU467511A3/ru active
- 1971-05-13 NL NL7106594A patent/NL7106594A/xx unknown
- 1971-05-13 CA CA112,962*7A patent/CA948150A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-13 PL PL1971148153A patent/PL81620B1/pl unknown
- 1971-05-14 BE BE767226A patent/BE767226A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-05-14 DE DE2124045A patent/DE2124045C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-05-15 RO RO66908A patent/RO59453A/ro unknown
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4100050A (en) * | 1973-11-29 | 1978-07-11 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Coating metal anodes to decrease consumption rates |
| US4086155A (en) * | 1975-04-25 | 1978-04-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Electrolyzer with released gas |
| US3974047A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1976-08-10 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Electrolytic cation exchange process for conjoint manufacture of chlorine and phosphate salts |
| US4326938A (en) * | 1978-04-12 | 1982-04-27 | Hsa Reactors Limited | Planar carbon fiber electrode structure |
| US4308122A (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1981-12-29 | Hsa Reactors Limited | Apparatus for waste treatment equipment |
| US4389287A (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1983-06-21 | Skala Stephen F | Withdrawal of molten alkali hydroxide through an electrode for depletion of water dissolved therein |
| CN102732906A (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-17 | 四川大学 | 一种电解法制备磷酸二氢钾的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES391040A1 (es) | 1973-06-16 |
| DE2124045C3 (de) | 1973-11-22 |
| RO59453A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-03-15 |
| FR2087342A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-12-31 |
| GB1313441A (en) | 1973-04-11 |
| PL81620B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-08-30 |
| DE2124045B2 (de) | 1973-04-26 |
| DE2124045A1 (de) | 1971-11-25 |
| BE767226A (fr) | 1971-11-16 |
| CA948150A (en) | 1974-05-28 |
| CS172923B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-01-28 |
| NL7106594A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-11-17 |
| SU467511A3 (ru) | 1975-04-15 |
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