US3761373A - Process for producing an improved cutting tool - Google Patents

Process for producing an improved cutting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US3761373A
US3761373A US00161159A US3761373DA US3761373A US 3761373 A US3761373 A US 3761373A US 00161159 A US00161159 A US 00161159A US 3761373D A US3761373D A US 3761373DA US 3761373 A US3761373 A US 3761373A
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Prior art keywords
angstroms
blade
edge
target
cutting
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US00161159A
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English (en)
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A Sastri
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Gillette Co LLC
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Gillette Co LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C23C14/5826—Treatment with charged particles
    • C23C14/5833—Ion beam bombardment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/56—Razor-blades characterised by the shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C23C14/5873—Removal of material

Definitions

  • the forming of the cutting edges of razor blades by mass production techniques conventionally involves a series of abrading operations (grinding and honing) to produce the desired sharpand durable shaving edge.
  • Each abrading operation forms a facet on the blade edge being sharpened, which facet is modified by subsequent abrading operations of increasing fineness.
  • the blade edge configuration is a Wedge shape, the included solid angle of which is typically 20-30.
  • the faces or sides of such cutting edges may extend back from the ultimate edge a distance up to as much as 0.1 inch or even more.
  • Each face need not be a single uninterrupted continuous surface or facet, but may consist of two or more facets formed by successive grinding or honing operations and intersecting each other along zones generally parallel to the ultimate edge.
  • the final facet i.e.
  • the facet immediately adjacent the ultimate edge has a width as low as 7.5 microns or even less compared with the diameter of beard hair which averages about 100 to 125 microns.
  • the cutting edge should have an average tip radius of less than 500 Angstroms.
  • a thin adherent layer of a corrosion resistant metal is often applied to the cutting edge of the blade.
  • a shave facilitating layer of polymeric material is also frequently applied to the blade edge.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide novel and improved processes for producing improved cutting tools.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide novel and improved razor blades which possess superior shaving properties.
  • the edge geometry of a cutting implement such as a razor blade is modified by a process which includes the steps of forming a cutting edge of dielectric material, depositing a layer of electrically conductive material on said dielectric material, and then subjecting the composite cutting edge to a DC ion bombardment step so that a portion of the deposited 3,761,373 Patented Sept. 25, 1973 ice electrically conductive material is removed so that the dielectric material is exposed at the ultimate tip.
  • the cutting edge is formed in a metal substrate by a suitable procedure such as grinding, honing, strapping, chemical etching, electrolytic sharpening, or forming with an appropriately shaped die; and then the edge is subjected to two successive strengthening material deposition steps, the first step depositing a layer of dielectric material and the second step depositing the layer of electrically conductive material.
  • the layers are deposited by sputtering on a multiplicity of blade elements while the blade edges are disposed in parallel alignment with one another and in a plane parallel to a target member spaced from the blade edges.
  • a planar target member is used in one embodiment while a cylindrical target rod is used in another embodiment.
  • a razor blade in accordance with the invention has an average tip radius of less than 500 Angstroms, the exposed tip material is a dielectric, such as A1 0 and added strengthening metal, such as chromium or a chrome-platinum alloy, i on the flanks of the cutting edge.
  • Such razor blades exhibit excellent shaving characteristics and have a long shaving life.
  • a wide range of blade substrate materials may be used, specific razor blade steel compositions with which the invention may be practiced including the following:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus suitable for practice of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the geometry of a razor blade edge sharpened by conventional means.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating one example of razor blade edge geometry in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 Diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1 is a sputtering apparatus which includes a stainless steel chamber 10 having wall structure 12 and a base 14 in which is formed a port 16 which is coupled to a suitable vacuum system (not shown).
  • a support 18 mounted in chamber 10 is a support 18 on which is disposed a stack of razor blades 20 and support structures 22, 24 for target member 26 of dielectric material and target 28 of electrically conductive material.
  • Support structures 18, 22 and 24 are electrically isolated from chamber 10 and electrical connections are provided to connect blade stack 20 and targets 26, 28 to appropriate energizing apparatus 30, 32, 34. It will be understood that this is a diagrammatic showing of suitable apparatus.
  • the targets 26, 28 are horizontally disposed discs, each six inches in diameter and one-quarter inch thick; and 4 /z-inch long stack of blades 20 is placed on a five-inch diameter aluminum support disc 18 disposed parallel to target discs 26, 28.
  • Disc 18 is movable between a first position aligned with target 26 and a sec- 0nd position aligned with target 28.
  • a coil of razor blade strip may be similarly positioned on such a support with its sharpened edges defining a plane exposed to parallel to targets 26, 28.
  • target rod that has an exposed length of twenty-nine inches and is 1% inches in diameter is employed. Suitable coolant is circulated through the rod for cooling purposes.
  • a series of stacks of razor blades are disposed about the target rod at equal distances therefrom.
  • the geometry of the edge of a typical razor blade of commercial quality sharpened by conventional abrading techniques is shown in FIG. 2 at a magnification of about 100,000 times.
  • the tip 40 has a radius that is typically in the range of 125-500 Angstroms, a typical average radius (the average of radius measurements taken at 5 to points along the length of the blade edge) being about 250 Angstroms.
  • the W1 flank width (at a distance of 1,000 Angstroms from the ultimate edge 40) is typically in the range of 1200 to 1400 Angstroms.
  • the W2 width (at a distance of 2,000 Angstroms from the tip 40) is about 2100 Angstroms; the W4 width (at a distance of 4,000 Angstroms from the tip 40) is about 3200 Angstroms; and the W6 width (at a distance of 6,000 Angstroms) is about 4100 Angstroms; and the W8 width (at a distance of 8,000 Angstroms from the tip) is about 5100 Angstroms.
  • a 100 kv. RCA EMU4 electron microscope is used with a standard air lock specimen holder modified to accommodate the small blade edge fragment.
  • the microscope was fitted with a liquid nitrogen cooled bafile valve to reduce contamination during photography.
  • the blade edge profile is held in the path of the electron beam so that a shadow image of the ultimate tip is cast on the final viewing screen.
  • the magnification of the final image is controlled by the strength of the intermediate lens current and the focusing is achieved with control of the objective lens current.
  • the microscope magnification was calibrated in terms of focusing lens current.
  • the tip radius of the resulting photomicrograph was measured by fitting 90 arcs of circles to the tip profile and selecting as the tip radius that edge profile that best fits the profile of the photomicrograph.
  • the point to point resolution of the microscope is in the order of 5 Angstroms.
  • the variation and average radius of a large nmnber of edges from a particular batch of blades using this technique was within 12.5 Angstroms.
  • the W1, W2 and other dimensions are similarly measured from the photomicrograph.
  • sharpened blades 20 are disposed in a stack with their sharpened edges aligned and are placed in chamber 10 on support 18.
  • the chamber is evacuated and the blade edges are subjected to ion bombardment, for example by a glow discharge maintained in argon at a pressure of ten microns to modify the edge geometry as generally indicated by line 42 in FIG. 2 and specifically to reduce the tip radius, a typical radius reduction being about 100 Angstroms.
  • the chamber is again evacuated and argon at a pressure p of 58 microns is placed in the chamber.
  • an RF potential is applied to dielectric target 26 and argon ions are produced which bombard target 26 and release atoms of the target material.
  • the released atoms of dielectric material are deposited on exposed surfaces, including the sharpened blade edges. This layer is applied uniformly to the thickness of less than 500 Angstroms.
  • the support 18 is then aligned with the target 28 and an RF potential applied to that target to cause deposition of an electrically conductive layer on the dielectric layer.
  • the RF power supply is then disconnected from the target 28 and the blades are subjected to DC ion bombardment which removes electrically conductive but not dielectric material, more material being removed from the tip region of the blades than the flanks.
  • the resulting blades have a cutting edge geometry of the nature diagrammatically indicated in FIG. 3 in which the exposed tip 44 is dielectric material and its average radius is about 250 Angstroms and two layers 46, 48 are on the flanks at the W6 dimension.
  • a 4 /2-inch long stack of stainless steel razor blades having the following composition:
  • Two targets were employed, an A1 0 target 26, and a Cr Pt target 28.
  • the A1 0 target 26 was a sintered compact disc six inches in diameter and inch thick
  • the Cr Pt target 28 was a pure chromium disc six inches in diameter and A1 inch thick that had squares of pure platinum foil one centimeter on a side and 0.002 inch thick spot welded on its surface.
  • the foil squares were spaced on the surface so that 23% of the chromium surface was covered with platinum.
  • the target surfaces were disposed parallel to the sharpened blade edges at a distance of 2 /2 inches from those edges.
  • Pressure in the vacuum chamber 10 was reduced to 0.1 micron of mercury and then pure argon gas was bled into the chamber to a pressure of ten microns of mercury.
  • the aluminum support disc 18 was then connected to a DC source of power and with the chamber 10 grounded the blade edges were subjected to ion bombardment at a voltage of 1800 volts and a current of 35 milliamperes for seven minutes.
  • the targets 26, 28 were covered by metal shields during this step.
  • a 13.56 megahertz RF source was connected to A1 0 target 26 and that target was sputtered for thirty minutes while maintaining ten microns of mercury pressure of argon gas in the chamber.
  • the shield was then removed from between the blades 20 and the target 26 and 0.4 kilowatts of powder (with a DC negative bias of about 3400 volts and a superimposed RF signal of about 4500 volts peak to peak) was applied for 10 minutes while maintaining argon at 10 micrions pressure.
  • the edges of the blades facing target 26 received an aluminum oxide layer 46 to a thickness of about 250 Angstroms.
  • Application of RF power was then terminated and support 18 was aligned with the Cr Pt target 28.
  • the Cr Pt target 28 was connected to the RF source and cleaned for five minutes and then a layer 48 of chromium-platinum alloy 250 Angstroms in thickness was deposited by application of 0.4 kilowatts of power for seconds.
  • the blade stack was then connected to the DC source and subjected to ion bombardment for seven minutes at 1800 volts at a current of milliamperes to remove the chromium-platinum film from the tip region but not the flank region of the blades to provide a blade edge geometry as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the resulting blades have an average tip radius of 250 Angstroms, an average W1 dimension of about 1400 Angstroms, aWZ dimension of about 2500 Angstroms, a W4 dimension of about 4,000 Angstroms, and a W6 dimension of about 5150 Angstroms.
  • a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene telomer was then applied to the edges of the blades in accordance with the teaching in U.S. Pat. 3,518,110. This processing involved heating the blades in an argon environment and provided on cutting edges of the razor blades an adherent coating of solid PTFE. These blades exhibited excellent shaving properties and long shaving life.
  • dielectric layer 46 a variety of dielectric materials including other metal oxides may be used for the dielectric layer 46 and that other metals and metal alloys may be used for the electrically conductive layer 48.
  • Ion bombardment between the application of the dielectric and conductive layers is optional. For example, such ion bombardment may be desirable when the process is employed with separate deposition chambers with a single target in each chamber.
  • the invention provides an improved cuting implement such as a razor blade in which the tip radius of the implement is within the optimum range for cutting effectiveness, the exposed tip is of dielectric material and substantial amounts of edge strengthening materials have been added to the flanks of the cutting edge.
  • a process for treating a cutting implement comprising the steps of forming a cutting edge in dielectric material on the implement having an average tip radius of less than about 500 Angstroms, depositing a layer of electrically conductive material on said dielectric material, said layer of electrically conductive material having a total thickness at the W6 dimension of said cutting implement of at least 100 Angstroms, and subjecting said cutting edge to DC ion bombardment to remove a portion of the deposited electrically conductive material so that said dielectric material is exposed at the tip of the cutting edge of said implement and other portions of the deposit edelectrically conductive material remain on the flanks of said cutting edge adjacent said tip.
  • dielectric material cutting edge is formed by the steps of forming a cutting edge on a metal substrate and then depositing a layer of dielectric material on said substrate cutting edge.
  • dielectric and electrically conductive strengthening materials are deposited by sputtering techniques on a multiplicity of razor blade elements while the blade edges are disposed in parallel alignment with one another and in a plane parallel to a target member spaced from said blade edges.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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US00161159A 1971-07-09 1971-07-09 Process for producing an improved cutting tool Expired - Lifetime US3761373A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16115971A 1971-07-09 1971-07-09
US16116071A 1971-07-09 1971-07-09
US16115871A 1971-07-09 1971-07-09
US00342755A US3835537A (en) 1971-07-09 1973-03-19 Improved cutting tool
US00342754A US3811189A (en) 1971-07-09 1973-03-19 Process for producing an improved cutting tool

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US3761373A true US3761373A (en) 1973-09-25

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US00161160A Expired - Lifetime US3761374A (en) 1971-07-09 1971-07-09 Process for producing an improved cutting tool
US00161159A Expired - Lifetime US3761373A (en) 1971-07-09 1971-07-09 Process for producing an improved cutting tool
US00161158A Expired - Lifetime US3761372A (en) 1971-07-09 1971-07-09 Method for producing an improved cutting tool
US00342755A Expired - Lifetime US3835537A (en) 1971-07-09 1973-03-19 Improved cutting tool
US00342754A Expired - Lifetime US3811189A (en) 1971-07-09 1973-03-19 Process for producing an improved cutting tool

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US00161160A Expired - Lifetime US3761374A (en) 1971-07-09 1971-07-09 Process for producing an improved cutting tool

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US00161158A Expired - Lifetime US3761372A (en) 1971-07-09 1971-07-09 Method for producing an improved cutting tool
US00342755A Expired - Lifetime US3835537A (en) 1971-07-09 1973-03-19 Improved cutting tool
US00342754A Expired - Lifetime US3811189A (en) 1971-07-09 1973-03-19 Process for producing an improved cutting tool

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US (5) US3761374A (de)
CA (3) CA969752A (de)
DE (1) DE2234064A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2145978A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1378550A (de)

Cited By (15)

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US4958539A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-09-25 Everest Medical Corporation Method of making an electrosurgical spatula blade
US5048191A (en) * 1990-06-08 1991-09-17 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5056227A (en) * 1990-03-19 1991-10-15 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5121660A (en) * 1990-03-19 1992-06-16 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5142785A (en) * 1991-04-26 1992-09-01 The Gillette Company Razor technology
US5167725A (en) * 1990-08-01 1992-12-01 Ultracision, Inc. Titanium alloy blade coupler coated with nickel-chrome for ultrasonic scalpel
US5295305A (en) * 1992-02-13 1994-03-22 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US20060078754A1 (en) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-13 Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. Optical film, polarizing plate and display
WO2007125857A1 (ja) 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. 凹凸構造が設けられた光学フィルムの製造方法、光学フィルム、ワイヤグリッド偏光子、及び位相差フィルム
US20080190758A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2008-08-14 Vassilis Papachristos Method of Deposition of a Layer on a Razor Blade Edge and Razor Blade
US20130014396A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Kenneth James Skrobis Razor blades having a wide facet angle
CN107107362A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2017-08-29 比克-维尔莱克 剃须刀片
US20180043561A1 (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-15 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blades
US11230025B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2022-01-25 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blade

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US8322253B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2012-12-04 Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. Method of manufacturing a utility knife blade having an induction hardened cutting edge
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US20070227008A1 (en) † 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Andrew Zhuk Razors
US7966909B2 (en) * 2007-07-25 2011-06-28 The Gillette Company Process of forming a razor blade
JP5084466B2 (ja) * 2007-11-21 2012-11-28 住友電気工業株式会社 光ファイバ切断用カッター、光ファイバの切断方法および光ファイバ切断用カッターを備えた光ファイバ切断機
US9248579B2 (en) * 2008-07-16 2016-02-02 The Gillette Company Razors and razor cartridges
US9079321B2 (en) * 2008-07-16 2015-07-14 The Gillette Company Razor blades
US9956696B2 (en) * 2010-07-26 2018-05-01 Start Food-Tech Nz Limited Knife
US20130014395A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Ashok Bakul Patel Razor blades having a large tip radius
CA3050756C (en) 2011-10-06 2021-09-21 Bic Violex S.A. Razor blade, razor head, and method of manufacture
US11148309B2 (en) * 2013-06-05 2021-10-19 The Gillette Company Llc Razor components with novel coating
US10869715B2 (en) * 2014-04-29 2020-12-22 Covidien Lp Double bevel blade tip profile for use in cutting of tissue
US9751230B2 (en) * 2014-05-19 2017-09-05 The Gillette Company Razor blades
US11090826B2 (en) * 2014-07-31 2021-08-17 Bic Violex Sa Razor blade
DE102014016983A1 (de) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-19 Athanassios Alexiou Klingenmaterial
CN109894629A (zh) * 2019-04-12 2019-06-18 东莞市欧莱溅射靶材有限公司 圆柱形靶材增大溅射面积加工方法
KR20210039205A (ko) * 2019-10-01 2021-04-09 주식회사 도루코 면도날
US20210276211A1 (en) * 2020-03-05 2021-09-09 John Robert Harris Razor blade with improved asymmetric profile
JP2023521053A (ja) * 2020-04-16 2023-05-23 ザ ジレット カンパニー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー かみそりカートリッジ
AU2021255959A1 (en) 2020-04-16 2022-09-22 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blade
EP4135951A1 (de) 2020-04-16 2023-02-22 The Gillette Company LLC Mehrschichtige beschichtungen für eine rasierklinge

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US4958539A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-09-25 Everest Medical Corporation Method of making an electrosurgical spatula blade
US4911810A (en) * 1988-06-21 1990-03-27 Brown University Modular sputtering apparatus
US5056227A (en) * 1990-03-19 1991-10-15 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5121660A (en) * 1990-03-19 1992-06-16 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5048191A (en) * 1990-06-08 1991-09-17 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5167725A (en) * 1990-08-01 1992-12-01 Ultracision, Inc. Titanium alloy blade coupler coated with nickel-chrome for ultrasonic scalpel
US5142785A (en) * 1991-04-26 1992-09-01 The Gillette Company Razor technology
US5295305A (en) * 1992-02-13 1994-03-22 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US20080190758A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2008-08-14 Vassilis Papachristos Method of Deposition of a Layer on a Razor Blade Edge and Razor Blade
US9180599B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2015-11-10 Bic-Violex S.A. Method of deposition of a layer on a razor blade edge and razor blade
US20060078754A1 (en) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-13 Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. Optical film, polarizing plate and display
WO2007125857A1 (ja) 2006-04-28 2007-11-08 Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. 凹凸構造が設けられた光学フィルムの製造方法、光学フィルム、ワイヤグリッド偏光子、及び位相差フィルム
US10549438B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2020-02-04 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blades having a wide facet angle
US20130014396A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Kenneth James Skrobis Razor blades having a wide facet angle
US11766797B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2023-09-26 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blades having a wide facet angle
CN107107362A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2017-08-29 比克-维尔莱克 剃须刀片
CN107107362B (zh) * 2014-12-22 2020-08-04 比克-维尔莱克 剃须刀片
CN111941475A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2020-11-17 比克-维尔莱克 剃须刀片
CN111941475B (zh) * 2014-12-22 2022-05-24 比克-维尔莱克 剃须刀片
US11230025B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2022-01-25 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blade
US20180043561A1 (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-15 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blades
US11654588B2 (en) * 2016-08-15 2023-05-23 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blades

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Publication number Publication date
US3835537A (en) 1974-09-17
FR2145978A5 (de) 1973-02-23
US3761372A (en) 1973-09-25
GB1378550A (en) 1974-12-27
CA969751A (en) 1975-06-24
CA978139A (en) 1975-11-18
CA969752A (en) 1975-06-24
US3761374A (en) 1973-09-25
DE2234064A1 (de) 1973-01-25
US3811189A (en) 1974-05-21

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