US3756621A - Argon compressed gas supply - Google Patents

Argon compressed gas supply Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756621A
US3756621A US00195092A US3756621DA US3756621A US 3756621 A US3756621 A US 3756621A US 00195092 A US00195092 A US 00195092A US 3756621D A US3756621D A US 3756621DA US 3756621 A US3756621 A US 3756621A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
argon
compressed
cushion
gas supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00195092A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Lewis
R Bishop
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Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
Allied Chemical Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allied Chemical Corp filed Critical Allied Chemical Corp
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Publication of US3756621A publication Critical patent/US3756621A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/268—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous release of stored pressurised gas
    • B60R21/272—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous release of stored pressurised gas with means for increasing the pressure of the gas just before or during liberation, e.g. hybrid inflators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/263—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using a variable source, e.g. plural stage or controlled output
    • B60R2021/2633—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using a variable source, e.g. plural stage or controlled output with a plurality of inflation levels

Definitions

  • compressed air and compressed nitrogen have specific problems related to their use. For example, air is not inert and when it is compressed to relatively high pressure becomes a source of significant hazard. Although compressed nitrogen is relatively inert, it contributes to the production of nitrogen oxide contaminates, especially when intermixed with gases generated from combustion. In addition, compressed air and compressed nitrogen are of relatively low molecularweight so they have relatively high thermal conductivity as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, and further do not contribute as well to a relatively high mass of gas in the cushion when inflating said cushion.
  • the invention may be described as the storage and introduction of compressed argon gas into a protective cushion from a gas source.
  • a chamber 2 for storing compressed gas is shown in the gas cushion system I.
  • Said chamber 2 is normally sealed so that the gas may not escape and a plug 3 is located at one end thereof with a detonator 4 lying thereagainst for rupturing the plug 3 to allow the gas to escape from the chamber 2.
  • the chamber 2 preferably includes a gas generation device 5 which includes a combustible material 6 therein to be ignited by a squib 7. Gas generating from the combustible material 6, which in one embodiment is a poly vinyl composite propellant but may be other materials, emits gas through the orifice 8 at an end of the gas generating assembly 5.
  • Firing of the squib 7, and detonator 4 may be controlled by a sensor device 10, well known in the prior art, for example the sensor of U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 1 17,560, filed Feb. 22/71, which is sensitive to a crash condition of a vehicle in which the gas cushion system is mounted.
  • a timer or timers 11 and 12 may be utilized in one embodiment to delay firing of the gas generating device until after the plug 3 is blown by the detonator 4. Alternately, the sequence of blowing of the plug 3 and the disc 9 may be reversed or otherwise altered, as desired. Further details of one embodiment of gas storage and generating device, as described above, may be found in U.S. Application Ser. No. 81,947, filed Sept. 19/70.
  • the chamber 2 may contain no gas generating device, but merely be a storage cylinder in one embodiment of the invention, but specific advantages accrue from the invention where an augmented gas supply system, i.e., a stored compressed gas augmented by a generated gas, is utilized.
  • an augmented gas supply system i.e., a stored compressed gas augmented by a generated gas
  • elbow device 13 v if it is present, is supplied through the elbow device 13 v in one embodiment, to the manifold 14 for distribution into cushion 15 joined to said manifold.
  • the use of elbow structure 13 or the particular manifold structure and the specific cushion device employed (including a single or multiple cushion) is a matter of choice not relevent to the invention. What is shown in the drawing and described above is shown .merely for illustrative purposes.
  • the gas contained in the chamber 2 is compressed argon, preferably in the range of 1,000 to 3,000 psi and in one embodiment 2,350 psi.
  • Argon is inert. Unlike nitrogen or compressed air, argon will not contribute to the production of nitrous oxide toxic contaminates in the gas, which is especially beneficial where generated gas from combustion materials augments the stored gas. Because of its low thermal conductivity and high molecular weight, the compressed argon stored in the chamber 2 serves to more efficiently cool said generated gas, without producing said contaminates. Furthermore, since argon has a relatively low thermal conductivity.
  • argon has distinctive advantages over the other gas medias, such as air and nitrogen, in that because of its higher thermal capacity, the final temperature produced in the crash cushion is dramatically reduced when utilizing argon as a filling media.
  • Argon also has an advantage in that its viscosity is higher than nitrogen or air, thereby causing the function of the dynamic air cushion to be of a relatively non-linear nature in that the restraining loads placed on the occupants are not as directly proportional to penetration depth into the bag as with nitrogen.
  • argon allows the production of an air bag system which utilizes a decreased amount of propellant thereby rendering the bag cooler, less smokey, quieter, non-toxic, relatively non-linear dynamic response, and one that provides more uniform characteristics over the appropriate operational temperature range.
  • the lower thermal conductivity of argon material ly increases the very localized temperature of the mixing zone where the generated gases meet the stored gases in order to allow the combustion process of the generated gases to go to a more complete state of reaction, thereby materially reducing the concentration of carbonmonoxide produced by the inflation system and thereby allowing the chemistry of the propellant to be placed at a more stoichiometric balance, which materially increases the reduction of other possible contaminates by the interaction of excessive oxidives which were heretofore necessary in order to reduce the CO (carbonmonoxide) level to acceptable values.
  • Inflatable gas bag system for protection of an occupant of a vehicle comprising inflatable cushion means and a source for providing inflating gas to said means, said source comprising 1. gas generating means from combustible material for supply of generated gas to said cushion means and 2. pressurized stored gas consisting of compressed argon gas, and further including means for at least partially intermixing said generated gas with said compressed argon gas.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US00195092A 1971-11-03 1971-11-03 Argon compressed gas supply Expired - Lifetime US3756621A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19509271A 1971-11-03 1971-11-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3756621A true US3756621A (en) 1973-09-04

Family

ID=22720018

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00195092A Expired - Lifetime US3756621A (en) 1971-11-03 1971-11-03 Argon compressed gas supply

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3756621A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS4853440A (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA975822A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2253303A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2158528B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1386422A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT988364B (OSRAM)

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3945338A (en) * 1974-11-13 1976-03-23 Affonso Henriques Correa Location indicator for lost aircraft
US5022674A (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-06-11 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Company Dual pyrotechnic hybrid inflator
US5031932A (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-07-16 Frantom Richard L Single pyrotechnic hybrid inflator
US5033772A (en) * 1990-01-29 1991-07-23 Allied-Signal Inc. Hybrid inflator
US5076607A (en) * 1990-11-27 1991-12-31 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Co. Hybrid inflator
US5199740A (en) * 1991-06-10 1993-04-06 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Co. Hybrid inflator for air bag
US5226561A (en) * 1991-03-01 1993-07-13 Oea, Inc. Projectile for initiating inflation of a motor vehicle inflatable safety system
US5230531A (en) * 1990-10-22 1993-07-27 Oea, Inc. Gas generator ignition assembly using a projectile
US5290060A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-03-01 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid gas generator for air bag inflatable restraint systems
US5360232A (en) * 1993-09-14 1994-11-01 Morton International, Inc. Filtration in hybrid inflators
US5441302A (en) * 1994-08-23 1995-08-15 Morton International, Inc. Piston-actuated air bag inflator with hermetic liner
US5486248A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-01-23 Morton International, Inc. Extrudable gas generant for hybrid air bag inflation system
US5494314A (en) * 1992-12-01 1996-02-27 Morton International, Inc. Air bag cushion with fabric diffuser
US5496062A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-03-05 Morton International, Inc. Liquid-fueled device to combine the functions of a low pressure switch (LPS), squib, and gas generator
US5504288A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-04-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Sensor for use with air bag inflator and method for making
US5527066A (en) * 1991-12-10 1996-06-18 Aga Aktiebolag Airbag filling arrangement
US5551724A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-09-03 Morton International, Inc. Treatment of inflatable restraint system inflator particulate-containing gas with expanded metal
US5602361A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-02-11 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator
US5613702A (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-03-25 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating an inflatable vehicle occupant restraint
US5615913A (en) * 1996-02-06 1997-04-01 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid inflator with integral diffuser
US5616883A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-04-01 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator and related propellants
US5630618A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-05-20 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator with a valve
EP0779260A2 (en) 1995-12-13 1997-06-18 Morton International, Inc. Fuel compositions for use in hybrid inflators containing stored oxidizing gas
EP0800966A1 (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-15 Morton International, Inc. Cold deployment pyrotechnic inflator for air bag systems
US5695216A (en) * 1993-09-28 1997-12-09 Bofors Explosives Ab Airbag device and propellant for airbags
WO1997046426A1 (en) * 1996-06-03 1997-12-11 Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. Side impact air bag system
US5711546A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-01-27 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator with coaxial chamber
US5794975A (en) * 1996-01-25 1998-08-18 Daimler-Benz Ag Motor vehicle impact passenger protection arrangement
US5821448A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-10-13 Oea, Inc. Compact hybrid inflator
US5913537A (en) * 1995-06-09 1999-06-22 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Hybrid inflator including non-metallic nitrogen containing ignitable material
US6022043A (en) * 1997-02-07 2000-02-08 Harnisch; Hartmut Integral airbag device
US6070903A (en) * 1997-02-05 2000-06-06 Trw Occupant Restraint Systems Gmbh Assembly of an inflator and a gas exit tube for a vehicle occupant restraint system
US6106010A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-08-22 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Vehicle occupant protection system having a dual stage inflator
US6120058A (en) * 1996-08-23 2000-09-19 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Air bag inflator
US6364350B2 (en) * 1996-05-22 2002-04-02 Unique Technologies, L.P. Motor vehicle occupant safety device
US6418870B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2002-07-16 Systems Engineering Associates Corporation Torpedo launch mechanism and method
US6425601B1 (en) 1996-06-03 2002-07-30 Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. Air bag module
US20030001369A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2003-01-02 Yasunori Iwai Method of reducing nitrogen oxide in hybrid inflator
US6883830B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2005-04-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressurized medium for inflator
US20050121883A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-06-09 Trw Automotive Gmbh Gas bag module
EP1430946B1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2015-07-29 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator with a pressurized medium

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4002662A1 (de) * 1990-01-30 1991-08-08 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Verfahren zum fuellen eines airbags und sicherheitssystem vom airbag-typ
GB2277984B (en) * 1993-05-12 1996-06-12 Autoliv Dev Improvements in or relating to a gas generator
US5664802A (en) * 1996-02-15 1997-09-09 Morton International, Inc. Adjustable performance hybrid inflator
US5879025A (en) * 1996-08-08 1999-03-09 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Inflator for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
GB2334242B (en) * 1998-02-14 2002-02-13 Delphi Automotive Systems Gmbh Air bag module
US6726243B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2004-04-27 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Tuning the performance of compressed gas-containing inflators

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB953312A (en) * 1961-02-08 1964-03-25 Arnold Frederick Kent Improvements in and relating to vehicles having impact-absorbing devices
US3647393A (en) * 1970-05-11 1972-03-07 Chrysler Corp Gas-generating apparatus
US3674059A (en) * 1970-10-19 1972-07-04 Allied Chem Method and apparatus for filling vehicle gas bags

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB953312A (en) * 1961-02-08 1964-03-25 Arnold Frederick Kent Improvements in and relating to vehicles having impact-absorbing devices
US3647393A (en) * 1970-05-11 1972-03-07 Chrysler Corp Gas-generating apparatus
US3674059A (en) * 1970-10-19 1972-07-04 Allied Chem Method and apparatus for filling vehicle gas bags

Cited By (52)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3945338A (en) * 1974-11-13 1976-03-23 Affonso Henriques Correa Location indicator for lost aircraft
US5033772A (en) * 1990-01-29 1991-07-23 Allied-Signal Inc. Hybrid inflator
US5022674A (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-06-11 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Company Dual pyrotechnic hybrid inflator
US5031932A (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-07-16 Frantom Richard L Single pyrotechnic hybrid inflator
WO1991015380A1 (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-17 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Company Gas bag inflator
US5230531A (en) * 1990-10-22 1993-07-27 Oea, Inc. Gas generator ignition assembly using a projectile
US5076607A (en) * 1990-11-27 1991-12-31 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Co. Hybrid inflator
US5226561A (en) * 1991-03-01 1993-07-13 Oea, Inc. Projectile for initiating inflation of a motor vehicle inflatable safety system
US5199740A (en) * 1991-06-10 1993-04-06 Bendix Atlantic Inflator Co. Hybrid inflator for air bag
US5527066A (en) * 1991-12-10 1996-06-18 Aga Aktiebolag Airbag filling arrangement
US5494314A (en) * 1992-12-01 1996-02-27 Morton International, Inc. Air bag cushion with fabric diffuser
US5290060A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-03-01 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid gas generator for air bag inflatable restraint systems
AU648478B1 (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-04-21 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid gas generator for air bag inflatable restraint systems
US5360232A (en) * 1993-09-14 1994-11-01 Morton International, Inc. Filtration in hybrid inflators
US5551724A (en) * 1993-09-14 1996-09-03 Morton International, Inc. Treatment of inflatable restraint system inflator particulate-containing gas with expanded metal
US5695216A (en) * 1993-09-28 1997-12-09 Bofors Explosives Ab Airbag device and propellant for airbags
US5496062A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-03-05 Morton International, Inc. Liquid-fueled device to combine the functions of a low pressure switch (LPS), squib, and gas generator
US5627337A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-05-06 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator and related propellants
US5711546A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-01-27 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator with coaxial chamber
US5821448A (en) * 1994-03-18 1998-10-13 Oea, Inc. Compact hybrid inflator
US5679915A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-10-21 Oea, Inc. Method of assembling a hybrid inflator
US5602361A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-02-11 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator
US5675102A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-10-07 Oea, Inc. Method of assembling a hybrid inflator and related propellants
US5630618A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-05-20 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator with a valve
US5616883A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-04-01 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator and related propellants
US5623116A (en) * 1994-03-18 1997-04-22 Oea, Inc. Hybrid inflator and related propellants
US5486248A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-01-23 Morton International, Inc. Extrudable gas generant for hybrid air bag inflation system
EP0698534A1 (en) 1994-08-23 1996-02-28 Morton International, Inc. Piston-actuated air bag inflator with hermetic liner
US5441302A (en) * 1994-08-23 1995-08-15 Morton International, Inc. Piston-actuated air bag inflator with hermetic liner
US5586386A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-12-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Sensor for use with air bag inflator and method for making
US5504288A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-04-02 Texas Instruments Incorporated Sensor for use with air bag inflator and method for making
US5913537A (en) * 1995-06-09 1999-06-22 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Hybrid inflator including non-metallic nitrogen containing ignitable material
EP0779260A2 (en) 1995-12-13 1997-06-18 Morton International, Inc. Fuel compositions for use in hybrid inflators containing stored oxidizing gas
US5794975A (en) * 1996-01-25 1998-08-18 Daimler-Benz Ag Motor vehicle impact passenger protection arrangement
US5615913A (en) * 1996-02-06 1997-04-01 Morton International, Inc. Hybrid inflator with integral diffuser
US5613702A (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-03-25 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Apparatus for inflating an inflatable vehicle occupant restraint
US5732972A (en) * 1996-04-10 1998-03-31 Morton International, Inc. Cold deployment pyrotechnic inflator for air bag systems
EP0800966A1 (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-15 Morton International, Inc. Cold deployment pyrotechnic inflator for air bag systems
US6364350B2 (en) * 1996-05-22 2002-04-02 Unique Technologies, L.P. Motor vehicle occupant safety device
WO1997046426A1 (en) * 1996-06-03 1997-12-11 Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. Side impact air bag system
US6425601B1 (en) 1996-06-03 2002-07-30 Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. Air bag module
US6142508A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-11-07 Universal Propulsion Company, Inc. Side impact air bag system
US6120058A (en) * 1996-08-23 2000-09-19 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Air bag inflator
US6070903A (en) * 1997-02-05 2000-06-06 Trw Occupant Restraint Systems Gmbh Assembly of an inflator and a gas exit tube for a vehicle occupant restraint system
US6022043A (en) * 1997-02-07 2000-02-08 Harnisch; Hartmut Integral airbag device
US6106010A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-08-22 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Vehicle occupant protection system having a dual stage inflator
US6418870B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2002-07-16 Systems Engineering Associates Corporation Torpedo launch mechanism and method
US20030001369A1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2003-01-02 Yasunori Iwai Method of reducing nitrogen oxide in hybrid inflator
US7040657B2 (en) * 2001-04-04 2006-05-09 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method of reducing nitrogen oxide in hybrid inflator
US6883830B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2005-04-26 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressurized medium for inflator
EP1430946B1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2015-07-29 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator with a pressurized medium
US20050121883A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-06-09 Trw Automotive Gmbh Gas bag module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT988364B (it) 1975-04-10
GB1386422A (en) 1975-03-05
CA975822A (en) 1975-10-07
DE2253303A1 (de) 1973-05-10
JPS4853440A (OSRAM) 1973-07-27
FR2158528B1 (OSRAM) 1975-11-07
FR2158528A1 (OSRAM) 1973-06-15

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