US3756076A - Device with independent hydraulic control to transmit measurements taken at the bottom of a well - Google Patents

Device with independent hydraulic control to transmit measurements taken at the bottom of a well Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756076A
US3756076A US00162558A US3756076DA US3756076A US 3756076 A US3756076 A US 3756076A US 00162558 A US00162558 A US 00162558A US 3756076D A US3756076D A US 3756076DA US 3756076 A US3756076 A US 3756076A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
pressure
pump
jack
hydraulic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00162558A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Quichaud
Peuvedic J Le
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Societe Nationale des Petroles dAquitaine SA
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Societe Nationale des Petroles dAquitaine SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
    • E21B47/24—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry by positive mud pulses using a flow restricting valve within the drill pipe

Definitions

  • the flow of drilling fluid normally discharged inside the collars carrying the tool can form a suitable fluid medium for transmission of signals, by means of pressure variations created at the bottom of the well, without disturbing ordinary drilling operations.
  • the present invention is designed to provide a solution to this drawback, by making appropriate use of the amount of power available in the hydraulic fluid. More specifically, it concerns a device with independent hydraulic control, designed to transmit to the surface signals representing measurements taken at the bottom of the well, in the form of pressure impulses created by regular restrictions on the passage of the drilling fluid, consisting of an appliance controlling the regular restrictions of the passage of the drilling fluid, operated by the electrical impulses connected with the measurement signals, a hydraulic fluid circuit being used to operate, through the said hydraulic control, a doubleaction hydraulic jack connected mechanically to means of restricting periodically the passage of the drilling fluid, a turbine driven by the drilling fluid and a hydraulic fluid pressure pump attached to the same shaft, characterized by the fact that the said pump is placed in a hydraulic fluid circuit containing passages to discharge the fluid on either side of a double-action hydraulic jack, to which is mechanically connected an appliance to restrict the passage of the drilling fluid.
  • the invention is more specifically characterized by the hydraulic fluid circuit including the said pump discharging fluid under pressure, by means of a control appliance such as a slide-valve or electro-valve on either side of the piston of a double-action hydraulic jack connected mechanically to an appliance to restrict the passage of the drilling fluid.
  • a control appliance such as a slide-valve or electro-valve on either side of the piston of a double-action hydraulic jack connected mechanically to an appliance to restrict the passage of the drilling fluid.
  • the advantages of the present invention lie in the combination of an axial turbine and a hydraulic fluid pressure-pump, and also in the particular lay-out of the hydraulic fluid circuit.
  • a hydraulic oil-pressure pump is a light, compact, powerful hydraulic generator, perfectly suited to the requirements of drilling equipment, and also used in aeronautical construction, under unfavourable environmental conditions
  • the energy transmitted by such a pump is used to control the restriction appliance, ensuring perfect reliability of functioning, and with high efficiency, in combination with a double-action jack.
  • the application of the double-action jack makes the operation of the restriction appliance more reliable than is the case in earlier systems, since the energy required to operate it comes entirely from the hydraulic fluid pressure pump, so that it is more or less independent of constraints occurring when the mud energy is used directly in the hydraulic fluid control circuit, notably because of pressure and compositional variations.
  • the lay-out of the hydraulic fluid circuit operating the double-action jack allows the fluid under pressure to be discharged, depending on the position of the control appliance such as an electro-valve, either on the upward or downward side of the jack controlling the means of restricting the passage of the drilling fluid.
  • the pressure pump is connected, in shunt, to an accumulator of hydraulic fluid under pressure, consisting of one or more pistons housed in cylinders and receiving, on one side, the fluid discharged by the pump, and with the other side communicating with the suction inlet of the pump and simultaneously pushed back by one or more prestressed springs.
  • This embodiment may include a fluid-pressure limiter, consisting of a valve-needle closing an aperture connecting the pump discharge and pump intake points, subject to the discharge pressure of the pump and pushed in the opposite direction by the thrust from a spring with adjustable calibration; when pressure is too high, this limiter allows the oil to pass directly from the discharge side of the pump to the intake side.
  • a fluid-pressure limiter consisting of a valve-needle closing an aperture connecting the pump discharge and pump intake points, subject to the discharge pressure of the pump and pushed in the opposite direction by the thrust from a spring with adjustable calibration; when pressure is too high, this limiter allows the oil to pass directly from the discharge side of the pump to the intake side.
  • the intake pressure of the pump may be transmitted to a mobile surface, in the form of a compensating piston, for instance, the other side of which is subjected to the pressure of the drilling fluid, so as to allow the oil to expand and to compensate the apparent variation in total volume resulting from displacement of the jack rod operating the passage-restriction appliance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a special ballast-rod containing the well-bottom hydraulic installation with the turbine supplying the energy.
  • This collar possesses end threads in conformity with API standards, and can be assembled easily at any point on the drilling line, preferably immediately next to the drilling tool.
  • FIG. 2 represents the hydraulic power circuits needed to operate the components such as flap-, clackor other valves or needle-valves producing restrictions on the circulation of the drilling mud.
  • the special collar containing the bottom hydraulic installation shown in FIG. 1 contains ends(2)which have standardized threads for assembly in the drilling line, a wide bore compatible with these threads and designed to hold the internal fittings, and a shoulder (11) to support these fittings.
  • the internal fittings are contained in a watertight tube (3) linking the turbine (4) with the restriction appliance or valve (5).
  • the annular space left free between the bore in the collar (1) and watertight tube (3) allows the drilling fluid to pass from the valve (5) to the turbine (4).
  • the fixed blades ('7) and mobile blades (8) of turbine (4) which is of standard type, are held by the nuts 9 and 10 respectively in the casing of the turbine (4) on the shaft (6), which has a suitable shoulder.
  • the drilling fluid penetrates into the fixed blades through a series of apertures situated at the top of the casing (4), and comes out axially at the bottom of the turbine, providing the standard irrigation of the drilling tool.
  • the shaft (6) of the turbine, held by the thrust-block (13) directly drives the shaft (24) of the controlling fluid pump at the lower end of the hydraulic circuit, through a watertight passage (12), and in certain cases also drives an independent electricity supply apparatus, such as a small alternator (14).
  • an independent electricity supply apparatus such as a small alternator (14).
  • the central part of the tube (3) shown in detail in FIG. 2, contains the well-bottom hydraulic installation, from which emerges the driving rod (57) of the needlevalve (16), acting with the seat to produce restrictions on the passage of the mud column.
  • the invention is not confined to the use of a needle-valve acting with a seat, since hydraulic operation of the jack-rod(57) allows other methods of restriction to be used, such as dome-valves or balanced valves with multiple seats.
  • FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the hydraulic power device to operate the restriction valve. This figure clearly shows how the device operates.
  • the watertight tube (3) contains all the hydraulic components, held between an upper shoulder (65) and the upper end (61) of the turbine casing (4), which is screwed into the tube (3). From bottom to top are the hydraulic pump (25), the limiter casing (30) containing the free piston (31), the accumulator casing (41), the base (53) of the slide-valve or electro-valve shown here diagrammatically (50), the cover (54) and the jack (55). All these components are cylindrical in form, so as to fit perfectly inside the tube (3), and possess, on their plane end surfaces, communication openings equipped with sealing devices such as O-rings.
  • This lay-out allows use to be made of single-piece cylindrical units which can withstand all drilling impacts and vibration, and which are small enough in diameter to be compatible with normal well-bottom equipment.
  • these components are preferably made from aluminium-based light alloys, which have the advantage of being small in mass and with a good heat-transfer coefficient.
  • the machining of housings for various parts and drilling of pipes are carried out in the mass of the components, the outside apertures of the passages used for this work being blocked subsequently with plugs (33), if the hydraulic circuit requires this.
  • the pump (25) is of the gear type (28), carried on bearings (27) and with a sealing device (26) on the shaft (24), but the invention is of course not confined to the use of this type of pump. It sucks in the driving fluid, for instance the oil in the reservoir (34) of the limiter casing (30), directly connected with the reservoir (47) of the accumulator casing (41) by the pipe (64).
  • the reservoir (34) contains a free piston in the form of a compensating piston (31), the other side of which is in communication with the drilling fluid under pressure, through the opening (35). The purpose of this free piston is to allow the oil or other driving fluid to expand, and to compensate the apparent reduction in total volume resulting from the movement of the jackrod (57).
  • the adjustable pressure-limiting device Immediately above the reservoir (34) is the adjustable pressure-limiting device.
  • the pump (25) discharges the fluid under pressure into the passage (32) and into the seat (36), closed by the needle (37) of this limiter.
  • the force on the needle (37) balances the force of the spring (38) wound up by the screw (39).
  • the needle then tends to open, to allow part of this pressure fluid to return to the reservoir (34).
  • An increase in the flow of the pump (25) resulting for instance from an increase in the velocity of the turbine, does not produce any increase in pressure, because of this diversion of the flow by the limiter.
  • the fluid under pressure discharged into the passage 32 next passes through the filter 40, which retains any impurities that could affect the functioning of the slidevalve (50).
  • the filtered fluid is directed into a pressure reservoir (48), through the passage 44.
  • This reservoir is contained in the accumulator, which is constructed in the form of a cylindrical block and is in contact with one or more pistons (42) sliding inside a cylinder-block (41) and subject on one side to the discharge pressure of the pump and on the other to the intake pressure of the pump, increased by the force of one or more prestressed springs (43).
  • the upper end of the reservoir (43) is closed by a plug (45).
  • the accumulator unit is constructed in the same way as the limiter.
  • the pressure fluid channels (44) and fluid return channels (46), and the cylinders and accompanying channels are machined directly in a block of metal, which may be a light aluminium alloy.
  • a base to which is attached the distributor component shown diagrammatically here (50), and which may be a slide-valve or electro-valve.
  • the controljack for the restriction appliance consists of a cylinder (55) and piston (56) operating a rod (57).
  • the piston (56) can move either upwards or downwards, depending on whether the fluid pressure is conveyedbelow or above the piston.
  • the passages 51 and 52 connect the two sides of the piston with the distributor, providing this possibility.
  • the distributor is a component controlled by an electrical signal which can act on two separate windings. When one of these windings is excited, it provides communication between the fluid under pressure and one side of the jack piston, on the one hand, and between the fluid sucked in by the pump and the other side of the piston, on the other hand. If the other winding is excited, communications are reversed, and the piston can move in the other direction. if neither winding is excited, there is no communication, and the piston cannot move.
  • These signals are processed or coded in electronic circuits contained in watertight enclosures (22), and supplied with electrical energy by low-powered independent means such as a small alternator (14), also driven by'the turbine (4).
  • This processing or coding produces low-powered electrical impulses which can operate the hydraulic fluid control appliance.
  • the circuits contained in the enclosures (22) deliver a brief electrical impulse applied to the distributor winding (50), controlling displacement of the jack to the position which causes a sharp restriction, followed after a moment by a second electrical impulse, also brief in duration, which is applied to the other distributor winding and causes the jack to return to the position where it causes no restriction.
  • a pressure accumulator comprising a spring-biassed piston connected in said hydraulic circuit in parallel with both said jack and pump.
  • a device comprising a fluid pressure limiter consisting of a needle-valve closing an aperture which connects the pump discharge and intake, said needle valve being subject to pressure loading in one direction by the discharge pressure of the pump and biassed in the opposite direction by spring means.
  • a device comprising means for adjusting the pressure exerted on said needle valve by said spring means.
  • a device in which the intake pressure of the hydraulic fluid pump is transmitted to one side of a movable piston, the other side of which is subject to the pressure of the drilling fluid.
  • a device in which the means restricting the flow of thefluid is a needle-valve attached to the piston of said jack and cooperating with a suitable seat in the flow path of said fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)
US00162558A 1970-07-16 1971-07-14 Device with independent hydraulic control to transmit measurements taken at the bottom of a well Expired - Lifetime US3756076A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR707026213A FR2096920B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-16 1970-07-16

Publications (1)

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US3756076A true US3756076A (en) 1973-09-04

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US00162558A Expired - Lifetime US3756076A (en) 1970-07-16 1971-07-14 Device with independent hydraulic control to transmit measurements taken at the bottom of a well

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US (1) US3756076A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5033001B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU466771B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE770039A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA932317A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2135726C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2096920B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1353939A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL166309C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981186A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-09-21 Teleco Inc. Device for blocking at a given torque a rotating machine driven by a hydraulic turbine
US3982431A (en) * 1975-05-12 1976-09-28 Teleco Inc. Control system for borehole sensor
US4266606A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-05-12 Teleco Oilfield Services Inc. Hydraulic circuit for borehole telemetry apparatus
US4520665A (en) * 1982-07-13 1985-06-04 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) System for detecting a native reservoir fluid in a well bore
US4545241A (en) * 1982-06-25 1985-10-08 Smith International, Inc. In-hole motor tachometer
US4825421A (en) * 1986-05-19 1989-04-25 Jeter John D Signal pressure pulse generator
US5073877A (en) * 1986-05-19 1991-12-17 Schlumberger Canada Limited Signal pressure pulse generator
US5583827A (en) * 1993-07-23 1996-12-10 Halliburton Company Measurement-while-drilling system and method
WO1998005848A3 (en) * 1996-08-01 1998-06-25 Camco Int Method and apparatus for the downhole metering and control of fluids produced from wells
US5961841A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-10-05 Camco International Inc. Downhole fluid separation system
US6050349A (en) * 1997-10-16 2000-04-18 Prime Directional Systems, Llc Hydraulic system for mud pulse generation
US6148843A (en) * 1996-08-15 2000-11-21 Camco International Inc. Variable orifice gas lift valve for high flow rates with detachable power source and method of using
US20110164999A1 (en) * 2010-01-04 2011-07-07 Dale Meek Power pumping system and method for a downhole tool
CN110615387A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-12-27 湖南机电职业技术学院 叉车缓冲起升油缸

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1124228A (en) * 1977-12-05 1982-05-25 Serge A. Scherbatskoy Systems, apparatus and methods for measuring while drilling
FR2470850A1 (fr) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-12 Dresser Ind Appareil de mesure et de transmission destine a etre utilise dans un train de tiges de forages
NO154674C (no) * 1980-11-20 1987-01-07 Sperry Sun Inc Innretning for signalering i et borehull under boring.
DE3324587A1 (de) * 1982-07-10 1984-01-19 NL Sperry-Sun, Inc., Stafford, Tex. Bohrloch-signaluebertrager fuer ein schlammimpuls-telemetriesystem
GB2123458B (en) * 1982-07-10 1985-11-06 Sperry Sun Inc Improvements in or relating to apparatus for signalling within a borehole while drilling
DE3233982C1 (de) * 1982-09-14 1983-10-27 Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah In einem Bohrstrang angeordnetes hilfsgesteuertes Ventil
NL9002727A (nl) * 1990-01-09 1991-08-01 Teleco Oilfield Services Inc Werkwijze voor het decoderen van mwd-signalen, waarbij gebruik gemaakt wordt van druksignalen in de ringvormige ruimte.
CN105089966B (zh) * 2014-05-14 2017-07-14 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 深井抽油泵涡轮增压器
CN106640058B (zh) * 2016-12-09 2023-06-02 长江大学 一种带平衡单元的涡轮式泥浆脉冲发生器
CN111058835B (zh) * 2019-12-05 2022-11-29 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 一种双向通信短节

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964116A (en) * 1955-05-26 1960-12-13 Dresser Ind Signaling system
US3302457A (en) * 1964-06-02 1967-02-07 Sun Oil Co Method and apparatus for telemetering in a bore hole by changing drilling mud pressure

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964A (en) * 1843-02-20 Palmer sumner
DE6C (de) * 1877-07-03 H. PALITZSCH zu Chemnitz Rangirbremse
US2898088A (en) * 1958-02-10 1959-08-04 Dresser Ind Earth borehole logging system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964116A (en) * 1955-05-26 1960-12-13 Dresser Ind Signaling system
US3302457A (en) * 1964-06-02 1967-02-07 Sun Oil Co Method and apparatus for telemetering in a bore hole by changing drilling mud pressure

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981186A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-09-21 Teleco Inc. Device for blocking at a given torque a rotating machine driven by a hydraulic turbine
US3982431A (en) * 1975-05-12 1976-09-28 Teleco Inc. Control system for borehole sensor
US4266606A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-05-12 Teleco Oilfield Services Inc. Hydraulic circuit for borehole telemetry apparatus
US4545241A (en) * 1982-06-25 1985-10-08 Smith International, Inc. In-hole motor tachometer
US4520665A (en) * 1982-07-13 1985-06-04 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) System for detecting a native reservoir fluid in a well bore
US4825421A (en) * 1986-05-19 1989-04-25 Jeter John D Signal pressure pulse generator
US5073877A (en) * 1986-05-19 1991-12-17 Schlumberger Canada Limited Signal pressure pulse generator
US5583827A (en) * 1993-07-23 1996-12-10 Halliburton Company Measurement-while-drilling system and method
WO1998005848A3 (en) * 1996-08-01 1998-06-25 Camco Int Method and apparatus for the downhole metering and control of fluids produced from wells
US6000468A (en) * 1996-08-01 1999-12-14 Camco International Inc. Method and apparatus for the downhole metering and control of fluids produced from wells
US6148843A (en) * 1996-08-15 2000-11-21 Camco International Inc. Variable orifice gas lift valve for high flow rates with detachable power source and method of using
US5961841A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-10-05 Camco International Inc. Downhole fluid separation system
US6050349A (en) * 1997-10-16 2000-04-18 Prime Directional Systems, Llc Hydraulic system for mud pulse generation
US20110164999A1 (en) * 2010-01-04 2011-07-07 Dale Meek Power pumping system and method for a downhole tool
US10208558B2 (en) 2010-01-04 2019-02-19 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Power pumping system and method for a downhole tool
CN110615387A (zh) * 2018-11-16 2019-12-27 湖南机电职业技术学院 叉车缓冲起升油缸

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2135726A1 (de) 1972-01-20
NL166309C (nl) 1981-07-15
AU3127271A (en) 1973-01-18
FR2096920B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-22
GB1353939A (en) 1974-05-22
JPS5033001B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-27
NL7109756A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-18
CA932317A (en) 1973-08-21
DE2135726C3 (de) 1982-02-25
FR2096920A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-03
AU466771B2 (en) 1975-11-06
BE770039A (fr) 1971-11-16
NL166309B (nl) 1981-02-16
DE2135726B2 (de) 1981-06-04

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