US3753695A - Bearing materials - Google Patents

Bearing materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3753695A
US3753695A US00114660A US3753695DA US3753695A US 3753695 A US3753695 A US 3753695A US 00114660 A US00114660 A US 00114660A US 3753695D A US3753695D A US 3753695DA US 3753695 A US3753695 A US 3753695A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
percent
bismuth
aluminium
weight
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00114660A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
K Lloyd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Engineering Ltd
Original Assignee
Glacier Metal Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glacier Metal Co Ltd filed Critical Glacier Metal Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3753695A publication Critical patent/US3753695A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12458—All metal or with adjacent metals having composition, density, or hardness gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe

Definitions

  • the invention is a bearing material of which a major Cl 38, constituent is aluminum characterised by between 1 75/139, 75/144, 75/148 percent and 16 percent (preferably between 3 percent [51] Int. Cl. C22c 21/02 and 7 percent or between 7 percent and 10 percent or [58] Field of Search 75/138, 139, 143, between 10 percent'and 16 percent of bismuth by 1 75/148, 144; 148/32, 32.5; 29/ 196.2 weight, and optionally including 0 3 percent copper, 1 i 0 3 percent nickel, O 3 percent manganese, 0 1 l [56] References Cited percent silicon.
  • a bearing alloy comprises aluminium and more than 1 percent of bismuth by weight. Preferably there is from 7-l0 percent bismuth; or for some purposes there may be up to 16 percent by weight bismuth.
  • the aluminium may or not constitute the balance, but will usually constitute at least 50 percent by weight of the material.
  • Aluminium/bismuth is an alternative and is believed to have surface properties equal to or better than the three alloys for alloys with the same percentage of the low melting point constituent.
  • This desirable property of aluminium/bismuth is believed to be due to the Rhomboidal structure of bismuth.
  • the corrosion resistance of bismuth in engine oils is believed to be betterthan, for example, a similar alloy of aluminium-lead.
  • Tin is conventionally added to aluminium-lead alloys to increase the corrosion resistance to engine oils and in the comparison we are referring to aluminium-lead without a tin additive.
  • Bismuth is also unusual in that it expands when solidifying, and it is believed that this phenomenonmay assist in reducing the tension forces existing along the boundary between the soft material and the surrounding stronger matrix thereby increasing the fatigue strength of the material.
  • the porosity of the alloy is reduced if the bismuth expands to fill the interstices in the surrounding aluminium.
  • the bismuth provides the surface properties required of a bearing alloy and so the defined composition could be only at or near the bearing surface. However, the whole alloy could also be of uniform composition.
  • the bismuth has good surface properties in that it can accommodate dirt being embodied in it without its bearing properties being seriously lost and accordingly it is not necessary to provide a lead/tin or other plated over-lay on the bearing surface as has been found to be necessary in the past for many bearing materials which are primarily of aluminium. The extra expense of including the hismuth is, therefore, compensated for by avoiding the need for such an overlay.
  • the invention includes a bearing comprising at least a bearing-surface-layer of an alloy as defined, and also a layer of the alloy bonded to a steel or other backing.
  • aluminium/- lead alloys are less than that of an aluminium/bismuth alloy having the same proportion of bismuth.
  • the bismuth in an aluminium alloy when rolled down to a thickness suitable for bonding to a steel backing tends to form long stringers which readily form into globules when the alloy is annealed. This contrasts with aluminium/lead alloys which do not form globules readily on annealing.
  • This property of aluminium/bismuth in conjunction with the expansion on solidification reduces the forces occurring along the aluminium boundary as compared with tin or lead and provides a potentially greater fatigue strength.
  • a bearing alloy consists of:
  • Bismuth 3 percent by weight Copper 1 percent by weight Aluminium 96 percent by weight The component metals in correct proportions are introduced into a tun dish and raised to a temperature sufficient to melt them all, after which a billet of the alloy is cast and subsequently rolled into a slab with a thickness of about 0.050 inches. The slab is then bonded to a steel backing to make a bearing strip.
  • Bismuth l6 percent by weight Copper l percent by weight Nickel l percent by weight Manganese l percent by weight Silicon ll percent by weight Aluminium percent by weight is melted in a tun dish and poured as a slab into a shallow mould. The alloy is allowed to cool slowly so that most of the bismuth tends to drop through the aluminium which is much lighter, so that at the bottom surface the percentage of bismuth is high, whereas at the top surface there may be very little bismuth. This forms a satisfactory bearing with the high bismuth surface acting as the bearing surface and the low bismuth surface bonded to the steel backing.
  • Bismuth l percent by weight Copper 2 percent by weight Silicon 1 percent by weight Aluminium 87 percent by weight The appropriate proportions of the metals were mixed in powder form and the composite powder was sintered on a backing and bonded to the backing by rolling.
  • the accompanying drawing shows some test results obtained with aluminium based alloys with bismuth and tin as the second phase. It will be seen that even an alloy with a tin content of about 18.3 percent by weight its cycle to seizure is not significantly better than an alloy with a bismuth content of 13.6 percent. The drawing also shows that an alloy containing 6.2 percent by weight of bismuth gives 200 cycles of seizure while an alloy containing 6.2 percent of tin gives only 140 cycles to seizure.
  • a bearing material consisting essentially of bismuth about 16 wt.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
US00114660A 1970-02-13 1971-02-11 Bearing materials Expired - Lifetime US3753695A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB705870 1970-02-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3753695A true US3753695A (en) 1973-08-21

Family

ID=9825813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00114660A Expired - Lifetime US3753695A (en) 1970-02-13 1971-02-11 Bearing materials

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3753695A (enExample)
CA (1) CA958565A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2106391A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2078514A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1340489A (enExample)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4590133A (en) * 1985-02-01 1986-05-20 D.A.B. Industries Bearing material
US4747889A (en) * 1985-05-22 1988-05-31 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Interconnecting wire for semiconductor devices
US4957822A (en) * 1986-11-26 1990-09-18 Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh Laminated material for friction bearing elements, comprising an antifriction layer of an aluminum based bearing material
US5286445A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-02-15 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminium bearing alloy containing bismuth
US5300368A (en) * 1990-02-03 1994-04-05 Glyco-Metall-Werke Glyco B.V. & Co. Kg Highly wear-resistant overlay with improved slip and a method of its production
US6315947B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2001-11-13 Reynolds Metals Company Free-machining aluminum alloy and method of use
US6409966B1 (en) 1998-05-19 2002-06-25 Reynolds Metals Company Free machining aluminum alloy containing bismuth or bismuth-tin for free machining and a method of use
US6510726B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2003-01-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Bismuth tracer bearings
US20030143096A1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-31 Teruo Shimizu Sintered alloy article, its production method and a motorized fuel pump comprising a bearing comprised of sintered alloy article
US6746154B2 (en) 2001-10-08 2004-06-08 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Lead-free bearing
US20160010185A1 (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-14 Samara State Aerospace University High-temperature stable electro-conductive aluminum-base alloy

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5638667B2 (enExample) * 1972-01-20 1981-09-08
US5122207A (en) * 1991-07-22 1992-06-16 General Motors Corporation Hypo-eutectic aluminum-silicon-copper alloy having bismuth additions
US5106436A (en) * 1991-09-30 1992-04-21 General Motors Corporation Wear resistant eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2026546A (en) * 1933-09-18 1936-01-07 Aluminum Co Of America Free cutting alloys
US2752240A (en) * 1952-12-27 1956-06-26 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum base alloy bearing
US3410331A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-11-12 Gen Motors Corp Method of casting an aluminumbased bearing alloy
US3562884A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-02-16 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum-based alloy bearing material and method of making

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2026546A (en) * 1933-09-18 1936-01-07 Aluminum Co Of America Free cutting alloys
US2752240A (en) * 1952-12-27 1956-06-26 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum base alloy bearing
US3410331A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-11-12 Gen Motors Corp Method of casting an aluminumbased bearing alloy
US3562884A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-02-16 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum-based alloy bearing material and method of making

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4590133A (en) * 1985-02-01 1986-05-20 D.A.B. Industries Bearing material
US4747889A (en) * 1985-05-22 1988-05-31 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Interconnecting wire for semiconductor devices
US4957822A (en) * 1986-11-26 1990-09-18 Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh Laminated material for friction bearing elements, comprising an antifriction layer of an aluminum based bearing material
US5300368A (en) * 1990-02-03 1994-04-05 Glyco-Metall-Werke Glyco B.V. & Co. Kg Highly wear-resistant overlay with improved slip and a method of its production
US5286445A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-02-15 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminium bearing alloy containing bismuth
US6409966B1 (en) 1998-05-19 2002-06-25 Reynolds Metals Company Free machining aluminum alloy containing bismuth or bismuth-tin for free machining and a method of use
US6510726B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2003-01-28 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Bismuth tracer bearings
US6315947B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2001-11-13 Reynolds Metals Company Free-machining aluminum alloy and method of use
US6746154B2 (en) 2001-10-08 2004-06-08 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Lead-free bearing
US20040111892A1 (en) * 2001-10-08 2004-06-17 Greene Robert L. Lead-free bearing
US6854183B2 (en) 2001-10-08 2005-02-15 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Lead-free bearing
US20030143096A1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-31 Teruo Shimizu Sintered alloy article, its production method and a motorized fuel pump comprising a bearing comprised of sintered alloy article
US20160010185A1 (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-14 Samara State Aerospace University High-temperature stable electro-conductive aluminum-base alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2078514A5 (enExample) 1971-11-05
GB1340489A (en) 1973-12-12
DE2106391A1 (de) 1971-08-19
CA958565A (en) 1974-12-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3753695A (en) Bearing materials
US6854183B2 (en) Lead-free bearing
US4206268A (en) Plain bearing laminate having slide-layer alloy based on copper-lead-tin
US4551395A (en) Bearing materials
US4937149A (en) Overlay alloy used for a surface layer of sliding material, sliding material having a surface layer comprising said alloy and the manufacturing method of the sliding material
US4696867A (en) Aluminum based bearing alloys
US2198240A (en) Bearing
US4471032A (en) Aluminum base bearing alloy and bearing composite
US3623205A (en) Composite bearing structure
US4553856A (en) Bearing having nickel-tin-copper barrier layer
IT8123948A1 (it) Lega per lo strato antifrizione di cuscinetti e procedimento per formare uno strato antifrizione su un nastro di supporto d'acciaio
US5489487A (en) Cu-Pb alloy bearing
KR101140191B1 (ko) Ｐｂ 프리 구리기 소결 슬라이딩 재료
US5453244A (en) Aluminum alloy bearing
EP0186414B1 (en) Plain bearings
US5665480A (en) Copper-lead alloy bearing
US2531910A (en) Aluminum thallium bearing
US7601434B2 (en) Plain bearing composite material
US4959274A (en) Multilayered iron-copper-lead alloy bearing material
US3827882A (en) High lead aluminium alloy
US3563732A (en) Bearing alloys of tin based white metal
JPS5844140B2 (ja) 複合摺動材料
US3004333A (en) Bearing and method of making same
JPS5852547B2 (ja) 複層摺動部材
US2375224A (en) Silver-thallium bearing