US3752458A - Continuous heat treatment method and apparatus mainly for reactive metals - Google Patents
Continuous heat treatment method and apparatus mainly for reactive metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3752458A US3752458A US00089566A US3752458DA US3752458A US 3752458 A US3752458 A US 3752458A US 00089566 A US00089566 A US 00089566A US 3752458D A US3752458D A US 3752458DA US 3752458 A US3752458 A US 3752458A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat treating
- heat treatment
- pressure
- inert gas
- differential pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
- C21D9/562—Details
- C21D9/565—Sealing arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/186—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of zirconium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
A method of continuously heat treating reactive metals by passing the reactive metal through an heat treatment apparatus in which an inert gas is maintained at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and the interior of which is divided into a material inlet portion, a heat treating portion and a material outlet portion arranged in the order mentioned with a lip seal interposed between each other, the pressure distribution of the inert gas in the apparatus being such that the pressure is progressively reduced from the heat treating portion wherein it is highest, toward the material inlet portion and toward the material outlet portion stepwise; and an apparatus for practicing said method.
Description
United States Patent [191 Tokuda et al.
Filed: Nov. 16, 1970 Appl. No.: 89,566
[73] Assignee:
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 15, 1969 Japan 44/91661 U.S. CI. 266/3 R, 148/203, 148/156 Int. Cl. (321d 9/56 Field of Search 266/3 R, 5 R;
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS- 6/1908 Thompson 266/3 R Aug. 14, 1973 890,314 6/1908 Thompson 266/3 R 1,987,577 1/1935 Moers 266/3 R Primary Examiner-Gerald A. Dost Anomey-Oblon, Fisher & Spivak [57] ABSTRACT A method of continuously heat treating reactive metals by passing the reactive metal through an heat treatment apparatus in which an inert gas is maintained at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and the interior of which is divided into a material inlet portion, a heat treating portion and a material outlet portion arranged in the order mentioned with a lip seal interposed between each other, the pressure distribution of the inert gas in the apparatus being such that the pressure is progressively reduced from the heat treating portion wherein it is highest, toward the material inlet portion and toward the material outlet portion stepwise; and an apparatus for practicing said method.
2 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures rLLII/IIIII I I I F e 1." 7 L K 5 /I .9 9 9 /0 9 9 PAIENTED M 14 I75 sum 1 or 2 F/G. lb
& 2G Emi m wmmmm A 7M0 SPHER/C PRESSURE INVENTORS SHOICHI TOKUDA SHTOSHI OHTANI MINORU NISIGAKI @Mjw/h u ATTORNEYS PAIENIEllmum 3.'752f,4
SHEEI 2 0F 2 47'M0SPHER/C fi POSITIVE PRESSURE 4/ PRESSURE \x \PLATE 0/? STRIP W/RE 0/? BAR INVENTORS SHOICHI TOKUDA SHITOSHI OHTANI MINORU NISIGAKI BY @Mm, 314% #4 ATTORNEYS I CQNTINUQUS HEAT TREATMENT METHOD AND APPARATUSMAINLY FOR REACTIVE METALS The present invention relates to a method of continuously heat treating reactive metals such as titanium, zirconium and tantalum, and to an apparatus used for practicing the method.
More specifically, the invention relates to a method 7 by which reactive metals, such as titanium, zirconium and tantalum, in the shape of a strip, sheet, wire or rod, are continuously subjected to heat treatment, mainly to annealing or solution treatment; and also to a heat treatment apparatus most suitable for practicing such method.
Heretofore, heat treatment of reactive metals, such as titanium, zirconium, tantalum and alloys thereof, has been carried out batchwise in a furnace which is previously evacuated completely by a vacuum pump or the interior atmosphere of which is previously substituted by such an inert gas as argon after completely evacuating the furnace by a vacuum pump, so as to prevent oxidation of the metal to the fullest possible extent. However, in these methods some surface oxidation of the metal is inevitable and it has been customary to remove such an oxide layer, formed on the surface of the metal, either mechanically or chemically subsequent to the heat treatment. Furthermore, with such a conventional furnace, much difficulty has been encountered in quenching the metal successively to the heat treatment and, even if the quenching of the metal might be achieved in water or other liquid, the metal would be subjected to oxidation during quenching or to a heavy distortion in case of a sheet metal, which calls for cumbersome procedures in the subsequent treatment.
Further, it has been an essential problem that the heat treatment of such metals as mentioned above has been effected solely batchwise and continuous heat treatment has been impossible though it has been de sired in the art.
The present invention has been achieved with a view to providing a method of and an apparatus for continuously heat treating reactive metals, such as titanium, zirzonium and tantalum, without causing surface oxidation of the metals.
The method and apparatus of the instant invention are'applicable to the reactive metals in the shape of a strip, sheet, wire and rod. The heat treatment which the present invention primarily aims to achieve, is the scalled annealing in which a metal is cooled slowly after heating, or the so-called solution treatment in which a metal is cooled rapidly after heating.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provideda method of continuously heat treating metals in an inert gas atmosphere, which comprises heat treatingia metal by passing it through heat treatment apparatus, in which an inert gas is maintained at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and the interior of which=is divided into a heat treating portion wherein themetal; is heated and cooled, and a material inlet portion and a material outlet portion which are located on the ;opposite-.sides of said heat treating portion, the pressure distribution of the inert gas in the apparatus beingsuch that the pressure in the heat treating portion is highest andis progressively reduced toward the ma terial inlet portion and toward the material outlet portion stepwise.
, scribed method, which comprises a material inlet por- According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for practicing the abovedevention;
tion, a differential pressure maintaining portion, a heat treating portion, a differential pressure maintaining portion and a material outlet portion, all of which are arranged in series in the order mentioned and connected with each other integrally with a lip seal interposed between each other.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings,
FIG. 1(A) is a diagrammatical view showing an embodiment of the apparatus according to the present in- FIG. 1(B) is a diagram showing the pressure distribution in the apparatus of FIG. 1(A); and
FIGS. 2 through 5 are diagrammatical views exemplifying various constructions of the cooling chamber of the apparatus respectively.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are detailed construction of the lip seals 8 suitable for plate and rod, respectively.
Referring to FIG. 1(A), reference numeral 1 designates an entrance of the apparatus, 2 a material inlet portion, 3 a differential pressure maintaining portion, 4a a heating chamber, 4b a cooling chamber, (the heating chamber 4a and the cooling chamber 4b together composing a heat treating portion 4), 5 a differential pressure maintaining portion, 6 a material outlet portion and 7 an exit of the apparatus. Lip seals 8 are provided each at the entrance 1, between the material inlet portion 2 and the differential pressure maintaining portion 3, between the differential pressure maintaining portion 3 and the heat treating portion 4, between the heat treating portion 4 and the differential pressure maintaining portion 5, between the differential pressure maintaining portion 5 and the material outlet portion 6, and at the exit 7 of the apparatus, and the respective portions are connected with each other integrally through these lip seals 8. The heat treating portion 4, the differential pressure maintaining portions 3 and 5, the material inlet portion 2 and the material outlet portion 6 are each provided with an inert gas inlet port 9.
Since the lip seals 8 are provided at the opposite ends of each portion, when an inert gas is introduced into the respective portions through the inert gas inlet ports .9, upon evacuating the interior of the apparatus by any means, to a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure in such a manner that the flow rate of the inert gas is highest for the heat treating portion 4 and is progressively decreased for the differential pressure maintaining portions 3 and 5, the material inlet portion 2 and the material outlet portion 6 in the order mentioned, a pressure distribution as shown in FIG. 1(B) is obtained in the apparatus. Namely, the inert gas pressure is highest in the heat treating portion and is progressively reduced stepwise in the respective portions toward the opposite ends of the apparatus. When a material to be treated is successively passed through the lip seals 8, each of said lip seals acts as a type of orifice and the inert gas flows from the higher pressure side to the lower pressure side. However, the pressure distribution shown in FIG. 1(B) can be maintained by replenishing the inert gas into the respective portions through the inert gas inlet ports 9. In this case, since the pressure in the differential pressure maintaining portions 3 and 5 is made only slightly lower than that in the heat treating portion 4, an abrupt pressure drop in said heat treating portion due to release of the gas therefrom can be prevented. Further, since the pressure in the differential pressure maintaining portions 3 and is higher than that in the material inlet portion 2 and the material outlet portion 6, the intrusion of air into the heat treating-portion 4 can be prevented by said differential pressure maintaining portion 3 or 5 even if air flows into the material inlet portion 2' or the material outlet portion 6 due to failure of the lip seal 8 at the entrance 1 or the exit 7 of the apparatus, upon occurrence of such failure for some reasons during continuous heat treatment of an elongate material.
If the heat treatment is conducted in the inert gas of such pressure distribution, there will be no fear of air intruding into the apparatus from the outside even when the heat treatment is carried out continuously.
The construction of the cooling chamber 4b is variable widely, depending upon the configuration of the material to be treated and the conditions under which the heat treatment is effected. Different constructions of the cooling chamber 412 are exemplified in FIGS 2 through 5. FIG. 2 shows a type of cooling chamber which is adapted for use in the heat treatment of a sheet material and is composed of a pair of copper plates 1 1 each having a cooling jacket therein for the circulation of a cooling medium 10 and arranged in opposed relation to each other for cooling a material 12, passing therebetween, by absorbing the radiant heat of said material. The cooling device shown in FIG. 2 can be used for cooling a rod shaped material, by replacing the copper plates 11 with a coiled spiral copper tube. FIG. 3 shows another type of cooling chamber in which one or a plurality of copper pinch rolls 13, each having a cooling jacket, are provided and a sheet or rod material 12 is cooled rapidly by passing it through said pinch rolls. FIG. 4 shows still another type of cooling chamber in which a material is cooled by the blasts of an inert gas 14 ejected from the opposed copper plates 11 of the type shown in FIG. 2. Further, where a material to be treated has a limited length, the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 may be used, in which opposed copper plates 14 of the type shown in FIG. 2 are pressed against a sheet material 12 to be treated from both sides by hydraulic means or other means 15 to rapidly cool said material.
In the embodiment described and illustrated herein, the pressure in the apparatus is elevated in two steps from the entrance 1 to the heat treating portion 4 and is lowered also in two steps from the heat treating portion 4 to the exit 7, by interposing the material inlet portion 2 and the differnetial pressure maintaining portion 3 between said entrance and said heat treating portion, and the differential pressure maintaining portion 5 and the material outlet portion 6 between said heat treating portion and said exit. However, the pressure may be varied in one step, provided that the sealing between the adjacent portions is effected more completely. In other words, the object of the invention may be attained by using the material inlet portion 2 and the material outlet portion 6 simultaneously as the differential pressure maintaining portions 3 and 5 respectively and thereby eliminating said differential pressure maintaining portions.
For moving the material to be treated through the apparatus, a material suspending conveyor may be used or coiling devices may be provided at both the entrance and exit of the apparatus. It will, therefore, be seen that the apparatus of the invention may be used in both a vertical position or a horizontal position.
Now, the method of the present invention will be further described by way of example.
EXAMPLE Ti-l4Mo-5Zr alloy sheets were subjected to annealing in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in which the differential pressure maintaining portions 3 and 5 were eliminated and the cooling chamber was constructed as shown in FIG. 2 under such conditions that the temperature of the heating portion was 900C., the flow rate of argon gas was 6 /min and the annealing rates were 400 mm/min (in the case of a sheet having a thickness of 0.15 mm) and 200 mm/min (in the case of a sheet having a thickness of 0.85 mm). The alloy sheets thus annealed had no color indicative of oxidation and glossy sheets were obtained. Further, the annealed alloy sheets had the mechanical properties as shown in Table 1 below, indicating that they had been sufficiently annealed.
TABLE 1 Mechanical Properties of Annealed Ti-l5Mo-5Zr Alloy Sheets Sam- Thick- Rate of Tensile E-lonErich- Hardple ness Annealing Strength gasen ness No. (mm) (mm/min) (kg/mm) tion (mm) (Hv) Although in the Example given above, titanium alloy only was used, it is to be understood that the present invention is highly effectively used in the heat treatment of not only reactive meals, such as titanium, but also those metals, such as special steels and nickelbased alloys, which require a special heat treatment.
Further, although argon gas was used in the Example as an inert gas, any other gases may be used which will not provide an oxidizing atmosphere in the heat treatment apparatus.
According to the present invention, as described above, a pressure distribution as shown in FIG. 1(B) can be obtained only by providing the lip seals which are very simple in structure. Therefore, an elongate material can be heat treated continuously in a nonoxidized state, while maintaining the inert gas atmosphere in the apparatus. Further, since the heat treatment can be carried out continuously, uniform heating and cooling are possible and hence a heat treated material of high quality can be 0obtained. It is the particularly remarkable advantage of the invention that by practicing the invention, oxidation-free, glossy annealing of a thin sheet material or foil becomes possible which has been considered extremely difficult. The present invention is also advantageous in that rapid cooling and slow cooling can be achieved in the same apparatus. Namely, when the cooling chamber of the construction shown in FIG. 2 is used, the cooling rate can be controlled by changing the travelling speed of the material to be treated, whereas when the cooling chamber of the construction shown in FIG. 3 or 4 is used, the material can be cooled rapidly. There is a further advantage that a heavy distortion of the material, which has been encountered particularly in rapid cooling of a sheet material, can be substantially eliminated by pressing the cooling plates, such as copper plates,
against the material from both sides.
We claim:
ll. An apparatus for continuously heat treating metals, comprising a material inlet portion, a differential pressure maintaining portion, a heat treating portion, a differential pressure maintaining portion, a material outlet portion,all of which are arranged in series in the order mentioned and connected with each other integrally with a lip seal interposed between each other, and means for pressurizing all of said portions with gas such that the pressure within each portion is above atmospheric and increases in a discontinuous,step-wise fashion when proceeding from said inlet portion toward said heat treating portion and decreases in a discontinuous, step-wise fashion when proceeding from said heat treating portion to said outlet portion.
2. An apparatus for continuously heat treating metals, comprising a material inlet portion serving the function of maintaining a differential pressure, a heat treating portion, a material outlet portion serving the function of maintaining a differential pressure,all of which are'arranged in series in the order mentioned and connected with each other integrally with a lip seal interposed between each other and means for pressurizing all of said portions with gas such that the pressure within each portion is above atmospheric and increases in a discontinuous, step-wise fashion when proceeding from said inlet portion to said heat treating portion and decreases in a discontinuous, step-wise fashion when proceeding from said heat treating portion to said outlet portion.
Claims (1)
- 2. An appaRatus for continuously heat treating metals, comprising a material inlet portion serving the function of maintaining a differential pressure, a heat treating portion, a material outlet portion serving the function of maintaining a differential pressure,all of which are arranged in series in the order mentioned and connected with each other integrally with a lip seal interposed between each other and means for pressurizing all of said portions with gas such that the pressure within each portion is above atmospheric and increases in a discontinuous, step-wise fashion when proceeding from said inlet portion to said heat treating portion and decreases in a discontinuous, step-wise fashion when proceeding from said heat treating portion to said outlet portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9166169 | 1969-11-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3752458A true US3752458A (en) | 1973-08-14 |
Family
ID=14032660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00089566A Expired - Lifetime US3752458A (en) | 1969-11-15 | 1970-11-16 | Continuous heat treatment method and apparatus mainly for reactive metals |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3752458A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1292403A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4363472A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1982-12-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Steel strip continuous annealing apparatus |
| US5423924A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1995-06-13 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Method for the heat treatment of at least one metal wire with heat-transfer plates |
| US20100183992A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2010-07-22 | Fives Stein | Device for limiting the exhausting of combustion flue gases at the inlet of a furnace for reheating steel products |
| CN104152833A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 航天精工股份有限公司 | A titanium alloy solid solution heat treatment furnace and a solid solution method |
| US20150013846A1 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2015-01-15 | Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Method for Producing Silicon Steel Normalizing Substrate |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3237193C2 (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1985-11-28 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Method and device for the heat treatment of pipes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US890314A (en) * | 1907-11-07 | 1908-06-09 | Hugh L Thompson | Annealing-furnace. |
| US890252A (en) * | 1908-01-22 | 1908-06-09 | Hugh L Thompson | Annealing-furnace. |
| US1987577A (en) * | 1931-11-25 | 1935-01-08 | Gen Electric | Apparatus for the thermic treatment of metal wires, filaments, bands, or the like |
-
1970
- 1970-11-13 GB GB54181/70A patent/GB1292403A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-11-16 US US00089566A patent/US3752458A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US890314A (en) * | 1907-11-07 | 1908-06-09 | Hugh L Thompson | Annealing-furnace. |
| US890252A (en) * | 1908-01-22 | 1908-06-09 | Hugh L Thompson | Annealing-furnace. |
| US1987577A (en) * | 1931-11-25 | 1935-01-08 | Gen Electric | Apparatus for the thermic treatment of metal wires, filaments, bands, or the like |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4363472A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1982-12-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Steel strip continuous annealing apparatus |
| US5423924A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1995-06-13 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie | Method for the heat treatment of at least one metal wire with heat-transfer plates |
| US20100183992A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2010-07-22 | Fives Stein | Device for limiting the exhausting of combustion flue gases at the inlet of a furnace for reheating steel products |
| US20150013846A1 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2015-01-15 | Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Method for Producing Silicon Steel Normalizing Substrate |
| US9738946B2 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2017-08-22 | Baoshan Iron & Steel, Co., Ltd. | Method for producing silicon steel normalizing substrate |
| CN104152833A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 航天精工股份有限公司 | A titanium alloy solid solution heat treatment furnace and a solid solution method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1292403A (en) | 1972-10-11 |
| DE2055964B2 (en) | 1972-07-20 |
| DE2055964A1 (en) | 1971-06-24 |
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