US3752457A - Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments - Google Patents

Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3752457A
US3752457A US00093973A US3752457DA US3752457A US 3752457 A US3752457 A US 3752457A US 00093973 A US00093973 A US 00093973A US 3752457D A US3752457D A US 3752457DA US 3752457 A US3752457 A US 3752457A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
stretching
bending
range
spinning
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00093973A
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English (en)
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P Parmeggiani
D Nicita
Alo B D
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SNIA Viscosa SpA
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SNIA Viscosa SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/225—Mechanical characteristics of stretching apparatus
    • D02J1/226—Surface characteristics of guiding or stretching organs

Definitions

  • 264/210 F 3,511,905 5/1970 Martin 264/210 F 3,522,342 7/1970 Nungessov.... 264/210 F 3,551,550 12/1970 Bauer 264/210 F FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLXCATIONS 37/7903 7/1962 Japan 264/210 Primary Examiner-Jay l-l.
  • the taking-up operation of the filaments is usually performed at very high linear speeds, e.g., 800-1000 m/min., and the material which is gradually converted from its extruded plastic condition into cooled solid filaments, undergoes a small tension only (so called post-spinneret stretch") which is usually about 0.5 g/den.
  • the filaments thus obtained, wound and stored under suitable atmospheric conditions ("stockage) are then submitted to a desired stretching process with an elongation ratio which is usually, for polyester filaments, of the order of 1:3.8 l:4.4.
  • the stretching process is performed by means of specific elements which substantially comprise a pair of suitably heated rotary stretching devices (called godets"), between which the filaments are highly stretched, usually in the range of 2.5 3 g/den., the upstream device being adapted to exert a required counter-stretching force.
  • godets suitably heated rotary stretching devices
  • the linear speed of the thus stretched filaments does not exceed an upper limit in the range of 800-1000 m/min. and therefore the filament inlet speed into the stretching device should not exceed a value in the range of 200-250 m/min.
  • the above condition is one of the reasons and perhaps the most important onewhich prevent the filaments from being submitted to a proper stretching process immediately after the post-spinneret stretch.
  • the filaments come out from the primary" spinning system (this term defining the equipment wherein the starting material is extruded and converted into non stretched filaments) at a linear speed much higher than that conventionally required at the inlet of the stretching equipment.
  • the stretching operation could be performed at higher linear speeds, with outlet and taking-up speeds much higher than 3,000 m/min and therefore such high-speed stretching operation could be theoretically performed directly downstream of the primary spinning system.
  • This could be accomplished by a secondary stretching system (wherein the extruded filament is converted into a stretched filament having a higher resistance and superior mechanical and physical properties) that operates directly downstream of the primary spinning system, with great production advantages.
  • the substantial difference between a separate carrying-out of primary spinning and stretching operations and a tensioning operation directly performed after the primary spinning consists in that the first method includes the non stretched filaments being left in stock for a given time. Accordingly, during such time the spontaneous phenomena of molecular rearrangement or the like should occur.
  • the applicants do not intend to,
  • An object of this invention is to define and provide a method and means, respectively, by which the advantageous and desirable combination of primary spinning and stretching systems is made possible, together with important technical and economical advantages, under conditions such as to allow an effective and profitable production on an industrial scale, i.e., under conditions of high qualitative and quantitative performances, as well as with a high operating reliability of such means.
  • the solution of technical problems aiming to the removal of the causes (even when not totally known and defined) which apparently prevent a direct combination of a primary spinning system with a high speed stretching system, consists in providing means located directly upstream of the stretching system and adapted to carryout a physical treatment consisting in a limited and controlled stressing of the filaments.
  • such physical treatment consists of bending the filament around narrow surfaces shaped as circular segments and stationarily fitted in order to associate such bending action with a dragging action.
  • the filaments are twice folded or bent in opposite directions causing the filaments to temporarily undergo (owing to the traveling resistance on said bending means), a slightly increased stretch, when compared with that imparted thereto by the post-spinneret operation.
  • the equipment of this invention essenbut not necessarilyin the form of small cylinders mounted to not rotate, located directly upstream of the upstream stretching means or godet" in the stretching system which exerts the pull required for the postspinneret stretch.
  • the guide means is located and directed, with reference to the filament feeding and taking-up direction, in such a manner as to cause the filaments to bend in a required way and to exert the advantageous frictional resistance in order to obtain the above discussed slight incremental stretching action.
  • the small stationary cylinders preferably show not wholly smooth surfaces, wherein a satin-like finish or otherwise treatment is carried-out in such a manner as to provide the required slight frictional resistance.
  • the pulling means or godet represents an upstream feeding means of a stretching section, in order to give the required counter-tension for the stretching action, as well as to ensure a filament heating action as required for the stretching operation.
  • the above described system according to this invention makes it possible to improve the parallelism and co-planarity of filaments. Therefore the filaments contact the godet under wholly uniform conditions. Such conditions are very improtant in high speed stretching operations owing to the very reduced contact time of filaments with the heated surfaces and to the necessity that the heat exchange should take place under strictly equal conditions for all filaments that run very close to each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a complete system operating according to this invention, wherein a stretching system is associated with a primary spinning equipment directly downstream thereof, for continuously producing polyester filaments, the devices and mechanisms which are already known being omitted.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are respectively more detailed axial and side views of a preferred embodiment of a device for a preparatory physical stretching treatment, the device preferably but not necessarily being associated with an upstream godet" structure of the stretching system equipment.
  • the small cylinders of the device are shown in different positions in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 1 different elements are diagrammatically shown therein and a system for a primary spinning operation is defined by the components included in the bracket A.
  • the equipment comprises an extruder with a multiple spinneret 12.
  • the fialments l4 extruded from the spinneret are then stretched and hardened in an air quenching box 16.
  • the filaments are then led across an elongated chamber 18 wherein a cooling operation is performed and any known desired conditioning operations are carried-out, whereafter they are led across a so called lantern" and finally (according to presently followed practices), to a taking-up device.
  • the system also comprises suitable thread guides 22, means for suitably sizing the filaments and usually consisting of a pair ofenzyming rollers 24 and 26, and finally a spinning cup and taking-up means (not described or shown) that operate at a required linear speed in order to exert the required stretching for a filament postspinneret tensioning operation.
  • tension is usually about 0.5 g/den. at the point X.
  • the bracket B defines a conventional stretching system with the exception of shown devices and means according to this invention which will be described below.
  • This system comprises an upstream tensioning means in the form of a known suitably heated godet 28 and a downstream tensioning means in the form of one or more godets 30.
  • These godets impart to the filaments the required oppositely directed tensions in order to have a tension value at the point Y in the range of 2.5 3 g/den.
  • These godets are driven in such a manner as to have their filament contacting surfaces running at peripheral speeds corresponding to a required stretching ratio (of the order of 1:4 according to the nature and physical-chemical properties of the material, as well as to the intended applications thereof).
  • the upstream godet 28 shall obviously operate at a peripheral speed corresponding to the spinneret taking-up speed (which is advantageously in the range of 800-1000 m/min.) and thus the downstream godet 30 must operate at very high speeds, in the range of 3,200 4,000 m/min.
  • Device Z comprises a pair of small cylinders 36, 38 housed in a suitable supporting structure 32 which'is advantageously fastened to the frame 34 of godet 28.
  • the cylinders are located in such a manner as to force the filaments to follow a path including a number of bends, in particular two oppositely directed bends as shown by dot and dash lines in FIG. 2, as well as to exert a frictional resistance on the running filaments in order to generate a tension slightly stronger than the post-spinneret tension, e.g., a tension in the range of 0.6 0.7 g/den. at the small filament length S between device Z and upstream godet 28.
  • small cylinders 36 and 38 have their surfaces treated in such a manner as to obtain the required frictional resistance.
  • This surface treatment and resulting slight roughness can be easily established experimentally and obviously may vary according to a plurality of conditions, as e.g., the contact are lengths, the cylinder diameters, the actually applied postspinneret tension and the nature of the material.
  • downstream located cylinder 38 shows a diameter different from that of upstream located cylinder 36.
  • Such feature has proved to be advantageous. It may be assumed that the second bending around the downstream located cylinder results in a physical action on filaments together with an action exerted by bending around the upstream located cylinder.
  • the diameter ratio ofupstream located cylinder 36 and downstream located cylinder 38 is preferably in the range of 2:1 to 1:2.
  • the device can be advantageously embodied as shown in FIG. 2 and 3.
  • the housing 32 wherein the cylinders are fitted is secured to the frame 34 of godet 28 (or to any other stationary equipment component) by a pivot pin 40 in order to allow a device position adjustment for changing the length of the contact arcs and for obtaining an exerted physical action correspoinding to specific operating requirements.
  • the components of the device 2 have been defined as small cylinders and shown as such in the accompnaying drawings. However, such components are generally in the form of stationary bodies, formed with curved surfaces at least in the portions thereof that are designed to slidingly contact the filaments. Thus, the bodies might also show a not wholly circular section.
  • the use of cylindric bodies is advantageous, even if their surfaces are not wholly utilized, due to obvious reasons of surface production and finishing. Moreover, in such cylindric bodies further surfaces are available for substituting worn or degraded surfaces, by simply turning the cylinders through a fraction of revolution.
  • the two cylinders 36 and 38 may be supported by two separate frame means relatively movable to allow different adjustments, in order to change the cylinder mutual spacing and the filament contact arc lengths.
  • the cylinders may be replaceably fitted to allow a replacement or a substitution thereof with other cylinders having different diameters and/or surface features.
  • a melt spinning method for continuously spinning, stretching and winding-up synthetic filaments comprising extruding filaments from a spinneret under a reduced tension of about 0.5 glden; cooling and conditioning said filaments by passing said filaments through quenching and conditioning environments; mechanically stretching said filaments in a stretching zone by passing said filaments over an upstream godet rotating at a first speed and then passing said filaments over a downstream godet rotating at a secondspeed higher than said first speed; and windingingup the thus stretched filaments; the improvement comprising;
  • said intermediate operation comprising bending said filaments in a first bending direction around a first circular arc, and then bending said filaments in a second opposite bending direction around a second circular arc, the path of said filaments during said bending steps having two circular arcs of angular amplitude between 20 and thereby increasing the tension by about 0.1-0.2 glden of and imparting a slight incremental stretch to said filaments between said second circular arc and said upstream godet.
  • said step of mechanically stretching said filaments includes stretching said polyester filaments within the range of from 2.5-3.0 g/den., thereby providing an elongation ratio of from 1:3.8 to 124.4 to said polyester filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US00093973A 1969-12-04 1970-12-01 Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments Expired - Lifetime US3752457A (en)

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IT253569 1969-12-04
IT2535669 1969-12-04

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855676A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-12-24 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for drawing, separating and winding filament
US3946100A (en) * 1973-09-26 1976-03-23 Celanese Corporation Process for the expeditious formation and structural modification of polyester fibers
US3996324A (en) * 1973-09-22 1976-12-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing oriented continuous yarns
US4045534A (en) * 1974-05-24 1977-08-30 Allied Chemical Corporation Process for melt-spinning synthetic fibers
US4123492A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-10-31 Monsanto Company Nylon 66 spinning process
US4195052A (en) * 1976-10-26 1980-03-25 Celanese Corporation Production of improved polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure
US4293518A (en) * 1980-07-31 1981-10-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Control of synthetic yarns during drawing with heated rolls
US4384098A (en) * 1981-01-13 1983-05-17 Phillips Petroleum Company Filamentary polypropylene and method of making
US4430852A (en) * 1979-11-13 1984-02-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Polyolefin products and methods of making
US4539170A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-09-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for steam-conditioning spin-oriented polyamide filaments
EP0176937A3 (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-03-23 Norddeutsche Faserwerke Gmbh Process for manufacturing a non-textured yarn
US5136763A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of uniform yarns via reduced tension-induced slippage
US5775084A (en) * 1995-02-14 1998-07-07 Robert K. Bernhardy Recyclable string
US20060254248A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Gear Chain Industrial B.V. Apparatus and method for stretching the links of a transmission chain while surpassing the limit of elasticity thereof
WO2011032846A1 (de) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum schmelzspinnen, behandeln und aufwickeln eines multifilen fadens
CN103361752B (zh) * 2013-07-25 2015-06-10 北京中丽制机工程技术有限公司 一种poy长丝牵伸卷绕装置

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2851732A (en) * 1953-07-14 1958-09-16 Du Pont Split filament bundle at finish roll
US2880057A (en) * 1958-01-22 1959-03-31 Du Pont Treatment of filaments to improve strength in tension
US3099064A (en) * 1961-04-13 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making rug yarn
US3221088A (en) * 1964-11-02 1965-11-30 Eastman Kodak Co Process and apparatus for orienting yarn
US3259681A (en) * 1962-04-27 1966-07-05 Ici Ltd Polyester filaments
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
US3433008A (en) * 1965-11-19 1969-03-18 Du Pont Bulked yarn
US3436797A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-04-08 Du Pont Method and apparatus for charging and combining continuous filaments of different polymeric composition to form a nonwoven web
US3458890A (en) * 1966-01-04 1969-08-05 Eastman Kodak Co Cross-flow jet
US3499953A (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-03-10 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments
US3522342A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-07-28 Nypel Inc Apparatus and method for making bristles having a filler
US3551550A (en) * 1964-12-31 1970-12-29 Hoechst Ag Process for preheating and drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2851732A (en) * 1953-07-14 1958-09-16 Du Pont Split filament bundle at finish roll
US2880057A (en) * 1958-01-22 1959-03-31 Du Pont Treatment of filaments to improve strength in tension
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
US3099064A (en) * 1961-04-13 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making rug yarn
US3259681A (en) * 1962-04-27 1966-07-05 Ici Ltd Polyester filaments
US3221088A (en) * 1964-11-02 1965-11-30 Eastman Kodak Co Process and apparatus for orienting yarn
US3551550A (en) * 1964-12-31 1970-12-29 Hoechst Ag Process for preheating and drawing filaments of synthetic linear polyesters
US3436797A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-04-08 Du Pont Method and apparatus for charging and combining continuous filaments of different polymeric composition to form a nonwoven web
US3433008A (en) * 1965-11-19 1969-03-18 Du Pont Bulked yarn
US3458890A (en) * 1966-01-04 1969-08-05 Eastman Kodak Co Cross-flow jet
US3499953A (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-03-10 Techniservice Corp Strand treatment
US3522342A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-07-28 Nypel Inc Apparatus and method for making bristles having a filler
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855676A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-12-24 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for drawing, separating and winding filament
US3996324A (en) * 1973-09-22 1976-12-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing oriented continuous yarns
US3946100A (en) * 1973-09-26 1976-03-23 Celanese Corporation Process for the expeditious formation and structural modification of polyester fibers
US4045534A (en) * 1974-05-24 1977-08-30 Allied Chemical Corporation Process for melt-spinning synthetic fibers
US4123492A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-10-31 Monsanto Company Nylon 66 spinning process
US4195052A (en) * 1976-10-26 1980-03-25 Celanese Corporation Production of improved polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure
US4430852A (en) * 1979-11-13 1984-02-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Polyolefin products and methods of making
US4293518A (en) * 1980-07-31 1981-10-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Control of synthetic yarns during drawing with heated rolls
US4384098A (en) * 1981-01-13 1983-05-17 Phillips Petroleum Company Filamentary polypropylene and method of making
US4539170A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-09-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for steam-conditioning spin-oriented polyamide filaments
EP0176937A3 (en) * 1984-09-27 1988-03-23 Norddeutsche Faserwerke Gmbh Process for manufacturing a non-textured yarn
US5136763A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for the production of uniform yarns via reduced tension-induced slippage
US5775084A (en) * 1995-02-14 1998-07-07 Robert K. Bernhardy Recyclable string
US20060254248A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Gear Chain Industrial B.V. Apparatus and method for stretching the links of a transmission chain while surpassing the limit of elasticity thereof
US7942766B2 (en) * 2005-05-13 2011-05-17 Gear Chain Industrial B.V. Apparatus and method for stretching the links of a transmission chain while surpassing the limit of elasticity thereof
WO2011032846A1 (de) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum schmelzspinnen, behandeln und aufwickeln eines multifilen fadens
CN103361752B (zh) * 2013-07-25 2015-06-10 北京中丽制机工程技术有限公司 一种poy长丝牵伸卷绕装置

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Publication number Publication date
NL7000713A (is") 1971-06-08

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