US3750629A - Cooled furnace and a cooling system therefor - Google Patents

Cooled furnace and a cooling system therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3750629A
US3750629A US00190745A US3750629DA US3750629A US 3750629 A US3750629 A US 3750629A US 00190745 A US00190745 A US 00190745A US 3750629D A US3750629D A US 3750629DA US 3750629 A US3750629 A US 3750629A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
space
furnace
liquid
reservoir
cooling
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00190745A
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English (en)
Inventor
R E Cramer
Der Vliet C Van
J H W Ouwerkerk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOOGOVENS EN STAALFABRIEKEN NL
KONINKLIJKE HOOGOVENS EN STAAL
Original Assignee
KONINKLIJKE HOOGOVENS EN STAAL
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL7015595A external-priority patent/NL7015595A/xx
Priority claimed from NL7108145A external-priority patent/NL7108145A/xx
Application filed by KONINKLIJKE HOOGOVENS EN STAAL filed Critical KONINKLIJKE HOOGOVENS EN STAAL
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Publication of US3750629A publication Critical patent/US3750629A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/005—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/004—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a waterbox

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A furnace over at least part of its outer surface is provided with a double wall, the space enclosed by said double wall being part of a circulation system for cooling liquid without pressure, there being a reservoir above the double wall space in which vaporized cooling liquid can be separated from the cooling mixture, which reservoir is in communication with the upper end and the lower end of the double wall space, the reservoir being in direct open communication with the upper end of the double wall space and being positioned immediately on top thereof and the double wall space being divided into two spaces by an intermediary baffle about parallel to the outer surface of the furnace, said two spaces being in open communication with each other at their upper and lower ends.
  • the reservoir may extend from the upper end of the double wall space in upward and widening outward direction with respect to the furnace wall and may have at least one discharge duct for vapour connected thereto in the proximity of the highest and most outward area of this reservoir; may have in the proximity of the upper end of the double wall space, at the outside thereof, as part of the supply system for cooling liquid a liquid reservoir with an overflow which is connected to the space within the double wall through a narrow connecting passage; and may include other structural features.
  • COOLED FURNACE AND A COOLING SYSTEM THEREFOR This invention relates to a furnace which along at least part of its outer surface is provided with a double wall, the space within said wall being part of a circulation system for cooling liquid, not under pressure, there being a reservoir above the double wall, in which vaporized cooling liquid can be separated from the cooling mixture, said reservoir being in communication with the upper and the lower end of the double wall space.
  • This invention also relates to a cooling system of the concerning type for the wall of a furnace.
  • a circulation is maintained so that in the double wall space part of the cooling liquid, usually water, is vaporized, and the vapour generated therefrom is allowed to escape from the open system.
  • An equal quantity of cooling liquid is supplied into the reservoir for making up for such vapour losses.
  • An advantage of this manner of cooling consists in that in essence a very high quantity of heat can be discharged uniformly over a large surface area by the vaporization of the liquid.
  • Another advantage consists in that this system is very well adapted to cause the cooling liquid to circulate through the system with simple means.
  • the reservoir is positioned at some distance above the double wall space, and moreover there is a system of ducts between the upper end of the double wall space and the upper part of the reservoir, through which ducts the cooling fluid at least in part vapour is allowed to rise, and a system of ducts extending from the reservoir downwardly and opening into the lower part of the double wall space, through which cooling fluid is allowed to descend from the reservoir to the double wall space.
  • the invention is based upon the concept that it is possible that a film of vapour is generated over part of the wall in contact with the furnace and that the mentioned risks and dangers paritcularly occur if such a film is generated and exists during a somewhat longer period.
  • Such vapour film becomes su-v perheated and particularly if this occurs it is a very good heat insulator between the furnace wall and the cooling liquid.
  • the invention is based upon the concept that the generation of a coherent vapour film can be avoided by a suitable shape and embodiment of the circulation system.
  • the invention consists in that, in a furnace with cooling means as described in the preamble, the vapour separating reservoir is in direct communication with the space within the double wall by being immediately positioned on top thereof and in open communication therewith and that the double wall space is divided into two spaces by an intermediary baffle means being about parallel to the outer surface of the furnace, said two spaces to both sides of the baffle being in open communication with each other at the upper and lower end of the double wall space.
  • vapour bubbles will form uniformly distributed over the double wall space, said bubbles being rapidly torn away from said wall and entrained by the flow of liquid. Over the entire height of the double wall space in the inner space thereof there will form a mixture of two phases uniformly distributed and flowing regularly and uniformly to the reservoir.
  • the outer space of the double wall space in fact acts as a downflow duct.
  • the height of rising and falling of the circulating cooling mixture is decreased, so that one could fear that there would be insufficient circulation.
  • the occurring circulation is amply sufficient for the purpose, which probably should be ascribed to the fact that the additional resistance of flow for the liquid in the known upflow and downflow ducts is no longer encountered.
  • the more uniform circulation through the new circulation system considerably promotes the uniform cooling.
  • the vapour separating reservoir may have quite limited dimensions.
  • this gives thatthe furnace wall above the double wall is well accessible for eg, the provision of other cooling systems, on the other hand it is in this way avoided that liquid enters the vapour discharge duct and thus disturbs the uniform discharge of vapour.
  • the furnace is embodied in such a way that in the proximity of the upper end of the double wall space a supply system "for cooling liquid is connected thereto, which includes a reservoir with. an overflow and which is connected through at the outside thereof a cooling liquid narrow connecting passage to the space within thc'double wall.
  • a splash baffle which extends from the inner wall, as seen from the centre of the furnace, in an inclined upward direction outwardly to above and past the inner space, as seen from the centre of the furnace, and thereafter is bent gradually downwards so as to terminate freely in the reservoir.
  • the upper part of the furnace wall within the reservoir and the splash baffle are cooled additionally. Moreover a preheating of the supplied liquid takes place before it enters the outer space.
  • a measuring reservoir for measuring the level of the cooling liquid near the upper end of the double wall space which reservoir is connected through a narrow connecting passage to the space within the double wall, and that a control system is'present, by which the supply of additional cooling liquid is controlled depending on a signal derived from the measuring of the level as stated.
  • the furnace wall is under heavy thermal load it may be advantageous according to the invention to provide means for heating the supplementing cooling liquid to the proximity of the boiling temperature upstream of the opening of the suppletion system for this supplementing liquid into the circulation system.
  • the flow of liquid in the circulation system moreover appears to be open to improvement obtained if according to the invention the spaces within the double wall are moreover also subdivided by a set of vertical baffles into parallel passages, said vertical baffles extending substantially perpendicularly to the furnace wall to be cooled.
  • the intermediary baffle means extending substantially peripheral to the furnace wall to be cooled extends to above the upper edge of such set of baffles extending perpendicularly to said furnace wall and that all these latter baffles always are submerged below the liquid level.
  • the proposed structure has appeared to be advantageous if it is applied to ablast furnace in which the double wall encloses the bosh of the blast furnace.
  • the cooling of the bosh in this way in particular gives advantages because, as the shape of the bosh is conical and wider above than below a good contact of the masonry of this part of the furnace with the double wall as a result of the own weight of this masonry does not give a problem.
  • the widths of the spaces of the double wall, the inner and the outer space respectively, as seen in a direction perpendicular to the furnace wall have a mutual ratio of 1.5 to I up to 2.5 to land preferably about 2 to 1 and that the sum of these widths at the upper end of the double wall is about twice this sum at the lower end thereof.
  • the inner space, as seen perpendicularly to the furnace wall has a width which is about cm at the lower end and goes to about cm at the upper end.
  • cooling systems for cooling furnaces of other types In particular the invention has appeared to be of high value if applied to a tunnel furnace.
  • two mutually separated circulation systems for cooling liquid of the given kind are arranged along at least part of the cooling zone of this tunnel furnace.
  • Such cooling systems may each consist of a series of several mutually separated cooling elements, but it is also possible that each circulation system consists of one single cooling element of the type above described.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a blast furnace with a cooling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows detail II of FIG. I at an enlarged scale.
  • FIG. 3 shows-another embodiment of this detail.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of the invention to a tunnel furnace.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section and part upright view of a blast furnace I in a diagrammatic way.
  • FIG. 1 Around the bosh 2 of the furnace a cooling system according to the invention is arranged, which in FIG. 1 is shown only in part and diagrammatically.
  • This cooling system essentially consists of a double wall which in peripheral direction of the furnace is built up of several sections. Reference numerals 3 and 4 indicate two of said sections shown diagrammatically. At the upper end of the double wall space vapour discharge ducts are connected thereto, two of them being shown and indicated by reference numerals 5 and 6. At 7-and 8 additional cooling liquid for suppletion may be supplied'to the cooling system.
  • the cooling liquid is supposed to be water, whichis the most usual liquid to use.
  • FIG. 1 the several elements are for sake of clarity not shown in their real mutual proportion, the radial dimensions of the cooling sections being of course much smaller than shown.
  • FIG. 2 detail II of FIG. I is given at an enlarged scale.
  • an intermediary baffle 9 is positioned, extending in peripheral direction.
  • This baffle 9 extends tothe proximity of the upper end and the lower end of the double wall' space and divides said space into two spaces namely, liquid and vapour upflow and liquid downflow spaces 10 and 11.
  • vapour separating reservoir 28 which extends in an upward and radially outward direction.
  • a steam discharge duct 5 is connected.
  • reservoirs 13 are positioned in the proximity of the upper end of the space 11. Said reservoirs 13 have an overflow weir and During operation of the furnace it appears that in the double wall space there is sufficient circulation to cool the enclosed part of the-furnace effectively. There appears to be a regular and uniform formation of steam in space 10, without local superheating of the wall. The vapour generated is separated in reservoir 28 from the cooling mixture and water which is substantially free from steam descends through the space 11. By the difference in specific gravity between the mixture of water and steam in space 10 and the vapourfree water in space I] a sufficient natural circulation or syphon action is obtained.
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of the same detail has been shown.
  • a splash baffle 14 is arranged, which projects the water entrained by the steam back into the water in space 11.
  • suppletion water 15 is present, which is supplied by duct iii.
  • a supply of one tenth of a percent of the circulating water quan' tity has appeared necessary.
  • a measuring reservoir 17 which through duct 18 is in connection with space II, the level of the water in reservoir 28 is measured.
  • the supply of water through duct i6 is decreased and increased respectively.
  • the control system necessary thereto has not been shown in detail as this is simple and will be clear to the expert.
  • Space 10 widens from below to above from a width of about l0 cm to 20 cm and space 11 widens upwardly from about 5 cm to ID cm measured at the bend shown'at 22 in the outer wall, where'this outerwall merges into part 23 thereof, forming the wall of the reservoir 28.
  • FIG. 4 an application of the invention is shown for a tunnel furnace and this is'also shown diagrammatically. Only a symmetrical half of a cross-section of this tunnel furnace is shown here.
  • reference numerals 31 and 32 show the bottom and the roof of this furnace respectively.
  • a side wall 33 openings 34 and 35 are applied at the upper and lower end respectively. Said openings communicate with a gas space 36 outside the partition wall 33, through which space the gas from the tunnel in the furnace is circulated, e.g. by natural circulation or'syphon action.
  • Space 36 at the outside is limited by a series of cooling elements which together form a cooling system according to the invention.
  • Each of said cooling elements comprises an inner wall 37, an
  • this cooling system is embodied essentially in the same way as the cooling system according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the evaporated water can escape as vapour through opening 41, the system being supplemented with water to make up for this escape through opening 42.
  • the cooling elements described are only arranged 6 tained, which moreover is highly reliable. This is particularly of importance if in the tunnel furnace ceramic products are baked, of which the cooling should take place rapidly and in a very accurately controlled manner.
  • An additional advantage of the described manner of cooling is that the cooling elements can be replaced simply and rapidly without causing a long time interruption of the operation of the furnace.
  • An improved vaporization cooled furnace said furnace being of the type comprising:
  • a. acirculating system for cooling liquid said system comprising 1. a double walled portion extending over at least a part of the outer surface of the furnace, and defining a circulating space for said liquid,
  • vapor venting means in communication with said vapor separating reservoir, said furnace being improved in that c. said vapor separating reservoir is positioned immediately on top of said double walled space and has a direct open communication with the upper end of said space,
  • said system further comprises baffle means in said I space below said vapor separating reservoir, and about parallel tothe outer surface of the furnace, which baffle means divides said space into inner liquid and vapor upflow and outer liquid downflow 's sees in open communication with each other at t eir upper and lower ends, and
  • said system further comprises means for establishing a liquid level in said outer downflow space in proximity to the upper end of said baffle means and below said vapor separating reservoir.
  • said vapor separating reservoir extends from the upper end of said double walled space and widens upwardly and outwardly with respect to the furnace wall, and
  • said vapor venting means comprises at least one vapor discharge duct connected to said vapor separating reservoir in proximity to the highest and most outwardly extending portion thereof.
  • said liquid level establishing means comprises, in proximity to the upper end of said downflow space, a cooling liquid reservoir having an overflow therefrom, and
  • said means for establishing a liquid level in said downflow space comprises means for supplying liquid to said circulating system and means for heating to approximately its boiling point the liquid being so supplied prior to the delivery thereof into said upflow space.
  • said means for establishing a liquid level in said downflow space comprises means for supplying cooling liquid opening into said vapor separating reservoir above said upwardly directed splash baffle to flow across said splash baffle into said liquid downflow space.
  • said means for establishing a liquid level in said downflow space further comprises, in proximity to the upper end of said down-flow space, a cooling liquid reservoir,
  • said controlling means comprises a switching means in said liquid reservoir operated at maximum and minimum levels of liquid therein for controlling said liquid supplying means.
  • baffles positioned substantially vertically and extending into said upflow space in a direction from the inside of the furnace toward the outside thereof.
  • baffle means extends upwardly to a higher level than said set of baffles.
  • the widths of said inner upflow and outer downflow spaces are proportioned in the range of from 1.5 to 1 up to 2.5 to 1, and
  • the sum of said widths at the upper end of said baffle means is about twice the sum of said widths at the lower end thereof.
  • the width of said inner upflow space is about 10 centimeters at the lower end of said baffle means and gradually increases to about centimeters at the upper end of said baffle means.
  • An improved vaporization cooling system for a furnace comprising: i i
  • a double walled portion for extending over at least a part of the outer surface of the furnace and defin ing a circulating space for said liquid
  • a vapor separating reservoir above said double walled portion and in communication with the upper and lower ends of said space, and vapor venting means in communication with said vapor separating reservoir, said cooling system being improved in that said vapor separating reservoir is positioned immediately on top of said double walled space and has a direct open communication with the upper end of said space,
  • said system further comprises baffle means in said space below siad vapor separating reservoir positioned to lie about parallel to the outer surface of the furnace, which baffle means divides said space into inner liquid and vapor upflow and outer liquid downflow spaces in open communication with each other at their upper and lower ends, and
  • said system further comprises means for establishing a liquid level in said outer downflow space in proximity to the upper end of said baffle means and below said vapor separating reservoir.
  • a cooling system as claimed in claim 14, particu' larly adapted for cooling opposite vertical walls of a tunnel furnace, and comprising two-series of separate units formed to extend along the two opposite walls of the tunnel furnace, respectively.
  • a cooling system according to claim 16 said two series each comprising at least one of said units.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
US00190745A 1970-10-23 1971-10-20 Cooled furnace and a cooling system therefor Expired - Lifetime US3750629A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7015595A NL7015595A (en) 1970-10-23 1970-10-23 Furnace cooling system - eg for cooling the bosh of a blast furnace
NL7108145A NL7108145A (en) 1971-06-14 1971-06-14 Furnace cooling system - eg for cooling the bosh of a blast furnace

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US3750629A true US3750629A (en) 1973-08-07

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US00190745A Expired - Lifetime US3750629A (en) 1970-10-23 1971-10-20 Cooled furnace and a cooling system therefor

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US (1) US3750629A (es)
BE (1) BE774243A (es)
CA (1) CA963330A (es)
DE (1) DE2152759C3 (es)
ES (1) ES396269A1 (es)
FI (1) FI52250C (es)
FR (1) FR2110048A5 (es)
GB (1) GB1367328A (es)
IT (1) IT942740B (es)
SE (1) SE376472B (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970291A (en) * 1973-12-28 1976-07-20 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing occurrence of pulsation in a circulating liquid for evaporative cooling
US4154175A (en) * 1978-01-16 1979-05-15 Antonov Vladimir M Cooler for a shaft furnace

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8200265A (nl) * 1982-01-26 1983-08-16 Estel Hoogovens Bv Werkwijze voor het warmwalsen van staal en reflectiescherm te gebruiken daarbij.
NO155903C (no) * 1985-02-07 1987-06-17 Elkem As Sidevegg i en metallurgisk smelteovn.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1167729A (en) * 1912-06-05 1916-01-11 Riter Conley Mfg Co Blast-furnace.
US2824731A (en) * 1954-12-02 1958-02-25 Modern Equipment Co Cupolas having thin wall portions
US3212476A (en) * 1961-07-24 1965-10-19 Waagner Biro Ag Method of and apparatus for cooling industrial furnace installations
US3233595A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-02-08 Saulx Christian Kraft De La Chimney

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1167729A (en) * 1912-06-05 1916-01-11 Riter Conley Mfg Co Blast-furnace.
US2824731A (en) * 1954-12-02 1958-02-25 Modern Equipment Co Cupolas having thin wall portions
US3212476A (en) * 1961-07-24 1965-10-19 Waagner Biro Ag Method of and apparatus for cooling industrial furnace installations
US3233595A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-02-08 Saulx Christian Kraft De La Chimney

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3970291A (en) * 1973-12-28 1976-07-20 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing occurrence of pulsation in a circulating liquid for evaporative cooling
US4154175A (en) * 1978-01-16 1979-05-15 Antonov Vladimir M Cooler for a shaft furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA963330A (en) 1975-02-25
IT942740B (it) 1973-04-02
GB1367328A (en) 1974-09-18
DE2152759C3 (de) 1973-12-20
FI52250B (es) 1977-03-31
FI52250C (fi) 1977-07-11
ES396269A1 (es) 1975-02-01
DE2152759B2 (de) 1973-05-30
DE2152759A1 (de) 1972-04-27
FR2110048A5 (es) 1972-05-26
SE376472B (es) 1975-05-26
BE774243A (nl) 1972-04-21

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