US1817340A - Casting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 4, 1 931. 'r. B. BARR I 4 CASTING APPARATUS Filed Aug. :s. 1929 ZSheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Aug. 4, 1931.- T. B. BARR CASTING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 3, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR Patented Aug. 4, 1931 UNITED STATES THOMAS I B. BARR, OF HYDE, PENNSYLVANIA CASTING APPARATUS Application filed August 3, 1929. Serial No. 383,294.

This invention relates generally to casting apparatus and more particularly to such apparatus for casting ingots of steel or other metal.

'5 It is usual practice to cast steel ingots in vertical molds which may or may not be provided with hot tops having an opening through which the steel is introduced into the molds. Where hot tops have been employed, they have been made of refractory material and, except for the pouring opening, have been made solid. The hot tops are used forathe purpose of decreasing pipes and shrinks in the ingots. The outside of the ingots cools more rapidly than the interior. The hot tops tend to keep the metal in a liquid condition so that after the outsides of the ingots have solidified, but while the interiors are in a liquid state, the metal being poured is maintained in a liquid condition and is supplied to the interior of the ingots to counteract the tendency to form pipes and shrinks. n the use of vertical ingot molds, the metal which is poured into the top of. the mold falls with great force against the bottom of the mold and splashes against its sides. The particles contacting with the sides of the mold solidify rapidly and even so when the mold is completely filled, these particles remain solid and cause hard spots or slivers on the outer surface of the ingot.

In addition to forming cold spots on the outer surface of the ingots, the stream of as metal poured into vertical molds causes a churning of the metal, setting up eddy currents which trap gases within the liquid metal. As the metal solidifies, these gases remain trapped, forming blow holes in the ingot.

In accordance with-the present invention, the ingot mold is inclined at an acute angle to a horizontal plane with its open end above its closed end. The metal flows quietly into the mold Without splashing and without the formation of cold spots and slivers on the 4 in 0t The churning action which would take place if the molds were in a vertical position is eliminated and the inclusion of gases which would form pockets in the ingot is greatly decreased. The inclined mold is provided with a hot top which, preferably, is chambered so that a heating medium may be introduced into the chambers in order to maintain the hot top at a temperature which eliminates practically all shrinks and pipes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the inclined molds are fed from a common distributing pot through runners which connect the pot and molds. The inclined molds and the runners extend radially from the distributing pot, and the distributmg pot and the runners are arranged within the chamber of the hot top so that they are maintained at a high temperature during the casting operation. The chamber of the hot top may be heated by any desired medium, such as by the introduction of a gaseous heating medium therein or by filling the chamber withcharcoal or other fuel.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several preferred embodiments of the inventi0n- Figure l is a plan view of one embodiment; Figure 2 is a central, \vertical sectional View of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a partial Vertical section of another embodiment;

Figure 4 is a partial transverse vertical section of still another embodiment; and

Figure 5 is a partial longitudinal section on the line V-V of Figure 4.

Referring to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a refractory distributing pot 2 mounted on a refractory base 3. Runners 4 of refractory material connect the distributing pot 2 withradially extending inclined ingot molds 5. The ingot molds are made of cast iron and, if desired, may be lined with a refractory coating (not shown). Both the runners at and the molds 5 extend radially from the distributing pot 2 and are inclined outwardly and downwardly so that the metal flows from the pot 9 through the runners into the molds.

Surrounding the pot 2 and the runners 4 is a hot top indicated generally'by the reference numeral 6. The hot top has an outer 10 casing 7 of cast iron and an inner lining 8 ill rounds the disiributing pot and the. runners.

An opening 10 is provided in thehot top through which a heating medium, such asgas or oil, may be introduced into the chamber 9 by a burner 11. In the drawings, only one opening 10 is provided and only one burner is employed. The number of openings and burners may be varied according to the particular circumstances. The hot top is provided with a cover 12 of fire brick or other refractory maierial.

Vent pipes 15 are arranged within the hot top and communicate at their upper ends with the atmosphere through an opening 16 provided in the cover 12 and at their lower ends communicate with the interior of the runners 4 through an opening 17.

In casting ingots in the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2, the metal is poured from a ladle into the distributing pot 2 and flows through the runners 4 into the molds 5. The metal flows to the lower ends of the molds and forces the gases to the tops of the molds and causes them to be forced out through the vent pipes 15, During the casting operation, a heating medium is supplied to the interior of the hot top by means of the/burner 11. Instead" of introducing a gaseous medium into the chamber of the hot top, a fuel such as coke or coal may be placed in the chamber 9. The heat of the metal causes the fuel to ignite and the fuel in turn maintains the distributing pot 2 and the runners 4 at a temperature which substantially eliminates all shrinks and pipes. If a solid fuel, such as coke or coal, is supplied to the chambers 9, it is not necessary to provide the hot tops with covers.

The embodiment shown in Figure 3 is similar to that of Figures 1 and 2, except that the molds 5a are arranged vertically instead of inclined to the horizontal. Corresponding parts in this figure are indicated by the same reference numerals with an a atlixed thereto.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the molds 5?) instead of extending radially as shown in Figures 1 and 2, are arranged in a line. A single hot top, indicated generally by the reference numeral 6?), is used for all of the molds and the hot top is heated by a burner 11?). The metal. is poured into the molds 5?) through individual pouring openings 20 in the hot tops 6?). The hot top has a cover 21 of cast iron lined with a refractory lining 12?). In this embodiment, as well as in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, a solid fuel may be used to heat the hot tops in place of the gaseous heating medium.

I have illustrated and described several preferred embodiments of the invention. is to be understood, however, that the invention may be otherwiseiemhodied within the scope of the followinggglaims.

I claim: j

1. Casting apparatus comprising a plurality of molds, a chambered hot top there: for, a distributing'pot. within the hot top, and runnersconnecting the pot and molds.

2. Casting apparatus comprising a distributing pot, a plurality of inclined molds, runners connecting the pot and molds, and a chambered hot"topisurrounding the distributing pot and runners, the'hot top having an openinggthrough which a heating medium may be introduced into the chamber thereof. T v

3. Casting ,apparatus'jcomprising a. distributing pot, a IflmiaIity of inclined radially extending molds, runners connecting the pot and molds. a chambered hot top surrounding the 'pot and" unners, the hot top having an opening tl ifoughwhich a heating medium maybe introduced into the chamber thereof, and ventpipescommunicating with the molds. y

41-. Casting apparatus comprising a distributing pot, a plurality of inclined radially extending molds having their open ends above their closed ends, inclined radially extending runners connecting the distributing pot and theopen ends of the molds, a chambered liot top surrounding the pot and runners, the hot top having an opening through which a heating medium may be introduced into the chamber thereof, and

vent pipes within the chamber and in com munication with the atmosphere and said runners. v

5. Casting apparatus comprising a refractory distributing pot, a plurality of inclined radially extending cast iron molds having their open ends abovetheir closed ends, inclined radially extending non-metallic refractory runners-" connecting the distribut ing pot and the open ends'of the molds, a chambered hot top surrounding the pot and runners, said hot top having an outer casing of cast iron and a non-metallic refractory lining, the hot top having an opening through which a heating medium may be introduced into the chamber thereof, and non-metallic refractory vent pipes within the chamber of the hot top and in communication with the atmosphere and said runners.

6. Casting apparatus comprising a plurality of molds, a chambered hot .top therefor, a distributing pot within the hot top, and runners connecting the pot and molds, the hot top having an opening through which a heating medium may be introduced into the chamber thereof. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

THOMAS B. BARR.

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