US3750279A - Dry shaver construction - Google Patents

Dry shaver construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3750279A
US3750279A US00179066A US3750279DA US3750279A US 3750279 A US3750279 A US 3750279A US 00179066 A US00179066 A US 00179066A US 3750279D A US3750279D A US 3750279DA US 3750279 A US3750279 A US 3750279A
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United States
Prior art keywords
dry shaver
shear
laminar elements
shear unit
elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00179066A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Cobarg
E Fenner
M Guntersdorfer
R Schofer
H Thomann
W Heywang
F Otto
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Braun GmbH
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Braun GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0603—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a piezoelectric bender, e.g. bimorph
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/28—Drive layout for hair clippers or dry shavers, e.g. providing for electromotive drive
    • B26B19/282—Motors without a rotating central drive shaft, e.g. linear motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
    • H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
    • H10N30/2041—Beam type
    • H10N30/2042—Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end
    • H10N30/2043—Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end connected at their free ends, e.g. parallelogram type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/04—Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
    • H04R17/08—Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus signals being recorded or played back by vibration of a stylus in two orthogonal directions simultaneously

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to dry shavers, and more particularly to an improved dry shaver construction with a novel drive for the oscillatory shear unit of the shaver.
  • Dry shavers are of course already known in a great variety of different types and constructions.
  • the shear system of dry shavers utilizes an upper shear section which is usually stationary and provided with slots or openings and is most frequently known as a shear foil or a similar element.
  • Located beneath this upper section is a lower section provided with cutter blades or the like which is either oscillated or reciprocated linearly or is given rotary oscillatory movement, in the former case the movement being along its longitudinal axis and in the latter case the movement being about its longitudinal axis.
  • the two sections are spring-biased against one another so that, as the cutting edges on the cutter blades or the like of the lower section move over the inner surface of the upper section or shear foil past the slots or openings therein, they will sever any ahir which extends through them.
  • dry shavers are also provided with a trimming arrangement in form of two long rows of teeth provided on the upper and lower section respectively and cooperating with one another to trim longer hairs, for instance the hair at the temples, as opposed to the short beard stubble.
  • the dry shavers known from the prior art mostly are constructed with an electromagnetic oscillating armature and are intended to receive their electrical energy from a source of alternating current, usually being so constructed that they can be readily switched over for use either with a source supplying llO-l25 volts or 220-250 volts.
  • the armature oscillates with reference to an electromagnet which is fixedly mounted in the housing of the shaver and, together with one or more springs provided for this purpose, it constitutes a mechanical oscillator which oscillates at double the frequency of the alternating current source and which is connected with the lower section of the shear system by a swing arm as motion-transmitting element.
  • a concomitant object of the invention is to provide such a dry shaver construction which utilizes different principles than those known from the prior art for converting electrical energy into mechanical work.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a dry shaver construction in which the drive for the shear system is smaller, lighter in weight, quieter and provides fewer vibrations or vibrations of a less objectionable character than what is known from the art.
  • a dry shaver which, briefly stated, comprises an oscillatable shear unit and drive means connected in motion-transmitting relationship with the shear unit and including at least one body which comprises a plurality of bi-laminar oscillatory elements of ferro-electric ceramic material connected electrically and mechanically in parallel with one another.
  • the novel drive according to the present invention is based upon a utilization of the reverse piezo effect known as electrostriction to those skilled in the art.
  • ferro-electric ceramic materials such as barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate and the like, which permit-having with respect to conventional or classical piezo crystals a need for an excitation current which is lower by two decimal powers than in such conventional crystals-the construction of oscillatory motors of small output but usable effectiveness. It is of particular advantage that in constructions using such materials the mechanical fundamental frequency can be coordinated with the frequency of the alternating current with which the motor is supplied.
  • oscillating elements of the type here under discussion cannot be used per se as oscillating drives for the movable components of a dry shaver shear unit.
  • the reason is that the usable mechanical output of these oscillating elements is very small because of the very low mechanical resonance frequency mentioned above.
  • the invention overcomes this problem by connecting several of the oscillating elements in such a manner that the summation of the outputs of the elements provides the required characteristics and the elements together constitute the oscillatory body of a ferro-electric oscillatory drive or motor.
  • the drive accordingto the present invention can be constructed in various ways in accordance with different embodiments. It is possible to locate the bi-laminar oscillatory elements adjacent one another with their ends -that is their opposite ends-being fixed in respective mounting rails one of which is fixed in the housing of th dry shaver and the other of which is connected with the movable component or section of the shear unit via a suitable motion-transmitting element.
  • This embodiment is suitable. both for shear systems with a linearly oscillating movable component and for shear systems with a movable component which is mounted for rotary oscillation.
  • the oscillatory members are arranged so that the major surfaces of adjacent ones face one another in juxtaposed relationship, and the oscillatory body oscillates in its own plane in parallelogram-like movements, and in the second instance the oscillating elements are arranged adjacent one another with their longitudinal edges facing and the oscillatory body constitutes an oscillatory surface which laterally oscillates out of its center or normal plane.
  • the oscillating elements can be arranged adjacent one another with their opposite ends being held in a frame which in turn is mounted in the housing of the dry shaver, whereas their oscillating portions are connected with one another and coupled with the movable component of the shear system via a motion-transmitting element.
  • Such a construction is particularly suitable for shear systems having a movable component which is mounted for rotary oscillations.
  • the construction according to the present invention is highly simple in structure Because of this it permits compensation of the movable masses. in such a manner that the motor is subdivided for instance into two oscillating bodies whose individual oscillating elements are so polarized or electrically connected that the oscillating bodies will perform mutually opposite oscillatory movements when connected to alternating current.
  • the oscillating bodies can be coupled jointly with a single movable component of the shear system, or they can each be coupled with such a movable component with the movable components being located in known manner coaxially or laterally adjacent one another.
  • the dry shaver utilizes a shear system or unit having two mutually linearly oscillatable movable components
  • a single oscillating body can be utilized whose oscillating elements are connected at their opposite ends with respective rails which are fixed to them as already mentioned before.
  • each rail is connected with one of the movable components, preferably via an articulate or flexible motion-transmitting element which serves for mounting the respective movable component.
  • the individual oscillating elements are fixedly connected in this construction to rails at their opposite ends with their maximum deflection-- that is oscillatory movement out of their normal rest position-taking place in their middle region.
  • the oscillating body as a whole performs contraction oscillations with double the frequency of the applied alternating current, which oscillations are directly transmitted to the movable components of the shear unit.
  • Oscillating motors of the type here under discussion will operate particularly effectively if not only the center metal strip of each oscillating element is fixedly connected to mounting rails or the like, but also its ceramic strips. This assures a maximum possible oscillatory deflection as a result of the electrostrictive forces, also and particularly at the location where the connection is effected. It must be pointed out, however, that this advantage is ordinarily counteracted by the increased stresses acting upon the ceramic material with a concomitant danger or reduction of the permanent bending strength of this material. According to the invention this is avoided by providing a gradual transition between the free length of the respective oscillating element and the location where it is fixedly secured.
  • this is achieved by mounting the ends of the oscillating elements in their respective rails or other components by embedding them in castablc resin.
  • a further simplification can be achieved if the rails or analogous elements themselves are cast of castable resin in a form into which the ends of the oscillating elements are introduced so that they become embedded when the resin hardens.
  • the bending stresses at the locations where the oscillating elements are fixedly connected can be further removed in a substantial manner, if according to a particularly advantageous and preferred embodiment of the invention the polarization or excitation of the individual oscillating elements-which are connected at opposite ends with their respective mounting rails or the like in fixed manneris selected in mutually opposite relationship for each half located at opposite side of the middle of the respective oscillating element.
  • the two halves of each oscillating element will, when being excited and operating, be deflected in mutually opposite directions so that the oscillatory configuration of the oscillating element during each oscillating movement will resemble the letter S, whereas the ends of the two halves at least approximately maintain the direction of their rest position.
  • This construction has a better degree of effectiveness than the constructions utilizing deflection in only one direction.
  • FIG. la shows in elevation a first embodiment of an FIG. 5a illustrates components of another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5b illustrates the embodiment with the components of FIG. 5a shown in position
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary diagrammatic elevation of a further embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective detail view of another embodiment
  • FIGS. 8a-8d illustrate diagrammatically an additional embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a view analogous to FIG. 6 illustrating still a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. Ia and lb DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Discussing now firstly the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. Ia and lb it will be seen that we have there shown an oscillating element of bi-laminar construction and of already known type.
  • a metallic strip or tongue 1 has secured at opposite sides to it thin strips 2 of a ferro-electric ceramic material on which metallic electrodes 3 are secured whose thickness is just sufficient to obtain the necessary conductivity.
  • Soldered to the electrodes 3 adjacent the location where the element is fixedly secured, are connecting wires which are not illustrated because they are not believed necessary for an understanding of the invention and because it is desired to avoid making the illustration confusing.
  • the thickness of the member 1 and of the strips 2 is approximately equal and is selected between 0.1 and 0.3 mm.
  • the choice is such that an individual oscillating element can be excited to an optimum extent by supplying between ll and I25-volts alternating current. This means that if two of such elements are connected in series they require for their excitation 220 volts alternating current and a simple adjustment makes it thus possible to operate an oscillating motor constructed in this manner with voltages of 110-125 or 220-250 volts.
  • One end portion of the oscillating element is inserted into a recess of a mounting element, for instance a mounting rail 4, and retained as shown in FIG. lb by being cast in place with a castable resin 5.
  • the resin provides for a fixed but not entirely inelastic connection which is thus protected against breakage due' to the oscillation of the element.
  • the castable resin tends to move up slightly along the electrode surfaces of the electrodes 3 above the point of connection, as indicated at 51, thereby in effect forming a support against kinking.
  • the strip or tongue 1 projects slightly be yond the ceramic strips 2 and can there be connected for coupling with adjacent oscillating elements or with a component which is to have motion imparted to it, depending upon the circumstances of a particular application.
  • the two ceramic strips are polarized in the direction of their thickness and their directions of polarization are so selected that they can be electrically operated in series.
  • the oscillating element When an alternating current is supplied to the electrodes 3, the oscillating element will oscillate in the same manner as a rod which is fixedly connected at one end; that is if will oscillate with its mechanical inherent or natural resonance frequency.
  • the resonance depends upon the length and thickness of the ceramic strips essentially, and the characteristics of the materials used; advantageously it is so selected that the natural resonance frequency of the oscillating system will be between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 5 Herz (Hz) above the operating frequency, that is normally above the net frequency of alternating current of 50 or 60 Hz or cycles. In known manner it can be precisely selected by changing the free length of the oscillating element.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b we have illustrated a further bilaminar oscillating element whose opposite ends are fixedly connected in mounting rails 4, 4', respectively.
  • the electrode covers onthc ceramic strips are interrupted in the region of the symmetry line a-a, so that each ceramic strip carries two electrodes 31 and 32.
  • an S-shaped oscillatory deflection can be induced in the bi-laminar oscillating element 1, 2, with a point of reversal of direction in the region of the symmetry line a-a.
  • the electrodes can also be considered assuming that the electrodes extend over the entire length of the strips rather than being interruptedas a construction whose largest oscillatory deflection occurs in the region of the center line a.
  • the strip 1 must be provided in this region with a laterally projection portion 12 as shown in FIG. 2b so that the element can be coupled either with other similar ele' ments or with the component which is to have motion transmitted to it.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in a highly simplified form a dry shaver having an apertured shear head.
  • the housing is identified with reference numeral 21 and provided with a shear head frame 22 which can be disconnected from the housing and carries a cylindrically curved shear foil 23 which is sieve-like, that is apertured in the manner of a sieve or screen.
  • a movable lower shear unit component 24 Located beneath the foil 23, which is a stationary upper section or component of the shear unit, is a movable lower shear unit component 24 provided with cutting lamellas 241 of arcuate configuration; the component 24 is to be reciprocated or oscillated to and fro in the direction of the double headed arrow F and is lightly pressed by non-illustrated helical springs from below so that its cutting edges contact the underside of the shear foil 23.
  • the component 24 is readily releasably coupled with a pin or projection 25.
  • the housing 21 further accommodates a ferroelectrical oscillatory motor 26 composed of a package of bi-laminar oscillating elements I, 2, 3 of the type shown in either FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, which are mounted at opposite ends in two mounting rails 4, 4' with the major surfaces of adjacent ones of the elements 1, 2, 3 being juxtaposed.
  • the lower rail 4 is fixedly mounted in the housing 21 whereas the upper rail 4' carries the coupling projection 25.
  • the motor 26 oscillates at the net frequency. that is at the frequency of a current supplied to it.
  • Reference numeal 27 identifies a socket in the bottom of the housing 21 so that via a suitable electrical cord the motor 26 can be connected with a source of alternating current.
  • FIG. 4 we have illustrated an embodiment of the dry shaver in which the shear foil is identified with reference numeral 43, being held in a frame 42.
  • the component 24 is replaced by a substantially semi-cylindrical movable component 44 which is provided with elongated cutter lamellas 441 and which performs rotary oscillatory movements about an axis 442 journalled in the end faces of the frame 42, in the direction of the double-headed arrow G.
  • a rib 443 is formed on the underside of the component 44, being of downwardly open U-shaped cross section.
  • the housing 41 in this case accommodates another ferro-electric oscillatory motor 46 composed of a packet of bi-laminar oscillating elements 1, 2, 3, this time of the type shown in FIG. I and arranged in a common plane with their lower end portions being mounted in a rail 4.
  • the portions 11 of the oscillating element here engage into the hollow of the U-shaped rib 443 so that, when the motor performs oscillatory movements in the direction of the arrow H at the net frequency, that is the frequency of the source of alternating current, the component 44 will perform rotary oscillations about its axis 442.
  • FIG. we have illustrated a frame 471 having approximately the width of the movable component 44 and which is mounted in the housing 41' in parallelism with the base surface of the component 44.
  • the frame 471 carries mounted at opposite ends a plurality of bilaminar oscillating element 1, 2, 3 which oscillate in a common phase and whose center portion, where the maximum oscillatory deflection occurs, are connected via a comb-shaped member 48 which is provided at its upper side with one or more teeth 481.
  • the member 48 in turn cooperates with a corresponding row of teeth 444 at the underside of the component 44.
  • oscillating motors 47 can be arranged above one another and connected in parallel via their member 48, in order to obtain the necessary output.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for producing a very lowprofile apparatus whose housing 41' has an exterior configuration resembling a prism with strongly rounded edges as suggested in FIG. 5b and which can be readily gripped.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of the possibility of utilizing two or three mutually opposite oscillating movable components of the shear system, which are driven by an oscillating motor having a corresponding number of oscillating bodies.
  • FIG. 6 shows a shear system having a U-shaped comb-like member 63 provided with slots 631 and two knife or blade-carrying members 64, and 64 which are also provided with slots 641.
  • the members 64, and 64 are driven by oscillating bodies 26, and 26, respectively, of an oscillatory motor which is constructed in accordance with FIG. 3; reference numeral designates the necessary coupling projections.
  • FIG. 7 is somewhat analogous to that of FIG. 4 but has three turnably journalled movable components 44,, 44,, and 44,, which are mounted coaxially on the shaft 442 and of which the outer ones, identified with reference numeral 44, and 44,, together with their respectively associated oscillatory bodies 46, and 46,, have approximately the same oscillatory mass as the middle component 44 with its associated oscillatory body 46 Because of this construction vibrations are completely compensated in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a particularly advantageous embodiment of an oscillating motor for the drive of two movable components which oscillate linearly in mutually opposite directions at double the frequency of the motor.
  • the two movable components are identified with reference numerals 74, and 74 and are swingably mounted above the base plate 7 of the non-illustrated housing with parallelogram linkages of articulated or springy rods 71, with only the outer ones 71, and 71., being illustrated to avoid confusion.
  • An oscillatory motor 76 is coupled with its mounting rails 4, and 4,, with these outer rods 71 and 71 and the bi-laminar oscillating elements are connected at their opposite ends fixedly with the respective rails 4, and 4
  • the deflection of the oscillating element with the latter, or rather the direction of deflection, is of no consequence in this motor so that by appropriately choosing the polarity between adjacent oscillating elements, or between two adjacent groups of such elements, the oscillation can be made in mutually opposite directions so that the mass forces within the motor are compensated for as indicated in FIG. 8c.
  • This particular embodiment has a further advantage, namely the fact that the oscillatory deflection of the motor 76 with respect to the height a of its coupling above the base plate 7 is transmitted in relationship to the length of the rods 71, and that this relationship can be selected as desired, so that the motor on the one hand and the shear system on the other hand can each be constructed for optimum advantage and be coordinated with one another.
  • FIG. 8 embodiment it is also possible to modify the FIG. 8 embodiment by for instance replacing the component 74 with a shear foil 23 longitudinally slidably shiftably mounted in a frame 22 such as shown in FIG. 1, as long as an appropriate mass compensation is provided.
  • the component 74 would extend over the entire length of the frame such as the component 24 in FIG. I.
  • both the foil and the cutter unit, that is the component 74, will oscillate with respect to the housing.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates how an oscillating motor can be subdivided by providing it with two oscillating bodies 86, and 86,, as is basically already disclosed in FIG. 6.
  • This motor can drive a single movable component of the shear system, such as the component 24 of FIG. 3.
  • the packets of oscillating elements are connected at opposite ends again in mounting rails 4, 4 and are supported on a base plate 81 at different heights in order to be above having them at identical lengthto accommodate the transmission member 83 which couples the body 86 with the connecting rod 82 provided on the body 86,.
  • the rod 82 in turn is coupled with the component 24 via the transmission member 25.
  • the element 83 is a doublearmed lever which is pivotable about the axis 84 and which serves for reversing the direction of movement of the output of the body 86, which oscillates in direction counter to the oscillation of the body 86,.
  • the axis or shaft 84 is journalled in a non-illustrated fork mounted on the plate 81.
  • Motors of the type here under discussion and disclosed that is oscillatory motors based upon the use of bi-laminar oscillating elements of the type discussed, can be used in many applications, including the electrical drive of other small devices having a low power requirement besides dry shaves, and in which parts perform oscillatory or reciprocatory 'movements.
  • a dry shaver in combination, an reciprocable shear unit; and drive means connected in motiontransmitting relationship with said shear unit, said drive means including at least one body which comprises a plurality of electrically connected bi-laminar oscillatory' elements of ferro-electric ceramic material which are mechanically connected in parallelism with one another.
  • said bilaminar elements each having opposite ends and being arranged laterally adjacent to but spaced from one another; further comprising a housing; and a pair of mounting rails each fast with said bi-laminar elements at one of said ends, one of said rails being mounted in said housing and the other being coupled with said shear unit.
  • said shear unit comprising an upper section and a reciprocating lower section; and wherein said drive means is connected with said lower section.
  • bi-laminar elements have major surfaces, and wherein the major surfaces of adjacent ones of said bi-laminar elements are juxtaposed.
  • said drive means comprising a cylindrically curved upper section and a lower section beneath said upper section and mounted for rotary oscillation about the cylinder axis of said upper section; and wherein said bi-laminar elements have respectively juxtaposed longitudinal edges and are arranged adjacent but spaced from one another.
  • a dry shaver as defined in claim 1; further comprising a housing and a frame mounted in said housing; wherein said bi-laminar elements are arranged adjacent but spaced from one another and have opposite ends fixed in said frame and oscillatory center portions, said drive means further comprising coupling means coupling said center portions for oscillations in unison; and motion-transmitting means connecting said center portions with said shear unit.
  • said shear unit having a cylindrically curved upper section, and a lower section mounted for rotary oscillatory movement about the cylinder axis of said upper section; and wherein said frame is mounted in parallel with said cylinder axis and extends normal to the center plane of said shear unit.
  • said shear unit comprising a pair of shear sections
  • said drive means comprising an additional body, each of said bodies being connected with one of said shear sections, and said bi-laminar elements of the respective bodies being connectable to alternating current and being polarized or electrically connected in such a'manner that said bodies oscillate in mutually opposite direction.
  • said shear unit having two shear sections which are oscillatable in mutually opposite directions; said bi-laminar elements having opposite ends and being arranged adjacent but spaced from one another; and further comprisng a pair of mounting rails each fixedly connected with said hilaminar elements at one of said ends, each of said rails being coupled with a motion-transmitting member which engages a respective one of said sections.
  • said bilaminar elements having a resonance frequency of their basic oscillation which is between 2 and Hz higher than the frequency of a source of alternating current with which said drive means is to be connected.
  • bi-laminar elements each have two halves at opposite sides of a centerline intemediate their opposite ends, and wherein each half oscillates in direction opposite the other half so that during oscillation each bi-laminar element oscillates in a substantially S-shaped configuration.
  • said bilaminar elements having opposite ends and outer laminae of ceramic material; and wherein said rails also enther comprising a hardenahle resin in each slot retaining the respective end therein.
  • said rails being of synthetic plastic material, and said opposite ends each being embedded in one of said rails.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
US00179066A 1970-09-11 1971-09-09 Dry shaver construction Expired - Lifetime US3750279A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2045152A DE2045152C3 (de) 1970-09-11 1970-09-11 Schwingmotor mit bilaminaren Biegeschwingern für elektrisch angetriebene Trockenrasierapparate

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US3750279A true US3750279A (en) 1973-08-07

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US (1) US3750279A (cs)
JP (1) JPS536586B1 (cs)
AT (1) AT313747B (cs)
AU (1) AU456238B2 (cs)
BR (1) BR7105951D0 (cs)
CA (1) CA959640A (cs)
CH (1) CH544626A (cs)
CS (1) CS173584B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE2045152C3 (cs)
ES (1) ES394954A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2112951A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1348564A (cs)
IL (1) IL37681A (cs)
IT (1) IT940451B (cs)
NL (1) NL7112418A (cs)
PL (1) PL83219B1 (cs)
SE (1) SE363475B (cs)
SU (1) SU449477A3 (cs)
TR (1) TR16983A (cs)
ZA (1) ZA716092B (cs)

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US3813774A (en) * 1971-11-05 1974-06-04 Braun Ag Electrically operated dryshaver
US3863338A (en) * 1971-07-27 1975-02-04 Gillette Co Electric shaver with cutters mounted in end to end alignment
WO1996031870A1 (de) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-10 Marco Systemanalyse Und Entwicklung Gmbh Piezoelektrischer ultraschallwandler
US20050277950A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2005-12-15 Pilcher Kenneth A Apparatus and method for acoustic/mechanical treatment of early stage acne
US20080034592A1 (en) * 2004-08-03 2008-02-14 Feonic Plc Razor
US20090056138A1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Stephens Dan H Method and apparatus for shaving

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DE3309239A1 (de) * 1983-03-15 1984-09-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Piezoelektrischer motor
GB2380315A (en) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-02 1 Ltd Bimrph electro-active element with floating central electrode
GB0414652D0 (en) 2004-06-30 2004-08-04 New Transducers Ltd Transducer or actuator

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US2325238A (en) * 1941-04-17 1943-07-27 Bausch & Lomb Microscope
US2373431A (en) * 1943-03-30 1945-04-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric wave filter
US3409377A (en) * 1964-11-17 1968-11-05 Vernon L. Rogallo Apparatus and methods for measuring energy of light beams and ion beams
US3509626A (en) * 1968-03-11 1970-05-05 Eversharp Inc Electromechanical razor operable at high frequencies
US3631595A (en) * 1970-02-04 1972-01-04 Electrex Corp Electric shaver

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863338A (en) * 1971-07-27 1975-02-04 Gillette Co Electric shaver with cutters mounted in end to end alignment
US3813774A (en) * 1971-11-05 1974-06-04 Braun Ag Electrically operated dryshaver
WO1996031870A1 (de) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-10 Marco Systemanalyse Und Entwicklung Gmbh Piezoelektrischer ultraschallwandler
US5761156A (en) * 1995-04-03 1998-06-02 Marco Systemanalyse Und Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer
US20050277950A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2005-12-15 Pilcher Kenneth A Apparatus and method for acoustic/mechanical treatment of early stage acne
US7320691B2 (en) * 2003-01-15 2008-01-22 Pacific Bioscience Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for acoustic/mechanical treatment of early stage acne
US20080097355A1 (en) * 2003-01-15 2008-04-24 Pacific Bioscience Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for acoustic/mechanical treatment of early stage acne
US8740917B2 (en) 2003-01-15 2014-06-03 L'oreal Sa Apparatus and method for acoustic/mechanical treatment of early stage acne
US20080034592A1 (en) * 2004-08-03 2008-02-14 Feonic Plc Razor
US20090056138A1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Stephens Dan H Method and apparatus for shaving

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7112418A (cs) 1972-03-14
AU3332671A (en) 1973-03-15
DE2045152A1 (de) 1972-05-10
TR16983A (tr) 1974-02-19
IL37681A (en) 1973-11-28
IL37681A0 (en) 1971-11-29
DE2045152B2 (de) 1974-06-20
SE363475B (cs) 1974-01-21
ES394954A1 (es) 1974-12-01
AU456238B2 (en) 1974-12-12
CS173584B2 (cs) 1977-02-28
ZA716092B (en) 1972-05-31
CH544626A (de) 1973-11-30
CA959640A (en) 1974-12-24
GB1348564A (en) 1974-03-20
SU449477A3 (ru) 1974-11-05
PL83219B1 (cs) 1975-12-31
BR7105951D0 (pt) 1973-04-12
DE2045152C3 (de) 1975-02-06
JPS536586B1 (cs) 1978-03-09
AT313747B (de) 1974-02-25
FR2112951A5 (cs) 1972-06-23
IT940451B (it) 1973-02-10

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