US3745658A - Apparatus for determining earthwork volumes - Google Patents

Apparatus for determining earthwork volumes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3745658A
US3745658A US00109146A US3745658DA US3745658A US 3745658 A US3745658 A US 3745658A US 00109146 A US00109146 A US 00109146A US 3745658D A US3745658D A US 3745658DA US 3745658 A US3745658 A US 3745658A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
scale
indices
radiating
bar
indicator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00109146A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
P Raneses
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3745658A publication Critical patent/US3745658A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • B01J19/2425—Tubular reactors in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
    • B01J2219/00006—Large-scale industrial plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
    • B01J2219/00123—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants

Definitions

  • FIG 6 INVENTOR: PEDRO C. RANESES ATTORNF Y APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING EARTHWORK VOLUMES BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 1.
  • Field of the Invention This invention relates to measuring and calculating apparatus for performing engineering functions in connection with the layout and design necessary to construction of roads, canals, etc. While the engineering structure described herein in connection with the apparatus of the invention is a road it will be obvious that the same apparatus can be used in the design and construction of other similar constructions.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus with which cut and fill volumes can be easily computed to offset each other, to the extent possible, by enabling an operator of the apparatus to calculate slope stake locations and to compute the effect of such locations as to fill and cut requirements from a contour map.
  • Principal objects of the present invention are to provide apparatus for utilization with a contour map in determining intercept points between the ground and a road, or other such structure, side slope and in determining the volumes of material to be cut and to be filled incident to construction of the structure.
  • Another object is to provide such an apparatus that can also be used to quickly and easily properly position culverts, ditches and other such drainage structures necessary to proper construction of the structure to be built.
  • Principal features of the present invention include an indicator and a calculator, each of which is separately useful for various functions but that are used together to perform the total engineering functions set forth in the foregoing objects.
  • the indicator is used to locate intercept points of the ground and the side slope, thereby enabling computation, utilizing the calculator and without plotting, of either the amount of material needed to fill a section between stations to the desired roadbed level or the amount of material needed to be cut to produce a road bed at the desired elevation and with the required side slopes.
  • the slope intercept point indicator consists of a series of radiating scales, each having a slot therein to receive a sliding bar.
  • the bar has a pair of pointers mounted to slide therealong.
  • a number of radiating scales are used to make up a complete set, with each having an indice on it expressing the relationship between gradations on the radiating scales and gradations on the associated sliding bar.
  • the relationship may be any ratio between %:l and 10:1, to encompass the most common side slope ratios used.
  • other scales could as well be used in conjunction with other side slope ratios, should these be desired.
  • the slope to be utilized i.e.
  • the indices on the radiating scales and sliding bar are scribed thereon in accordance with the scale of the contour map which is to be used. Generally, in highway construction operations, a map scale of feet or 100 feet on the ground to a 1 inch map distance is used. Therefore, the indices on the radiating scales and sliding bar are preferably scribed in sets so as to provide for a utilization of the same radiating scale with either a 50 foot to 1 inch or foot to 1 inch contour map. Either map can then be used, with different indices of the radiating scales and sliding bar being utilized as necessary.
  • the sliding bar has a pair of pointers mounted to travel on it.
  • One such pointer may be utilized to transfer a proposed highway width from the sliding bar to a map starting reference point and the other pointer may be used to locate the point of intersection between an indice on the radiating scale with an actual map contour, which intersection establishes the slope intercept point.
  • Additional features include scales on the individual radiating scales which are used to compute either cut or fill. Folding scales are provided and have a zero beginning point located so as to facilitate computations. Means are provided to lock the sliding bar to the individual radiating scale when their proper relative positions are achieved.
  • the slope point indicator is used to locate an intercept point on a contour map, i.e. a point where the highway side slope intersects the normal terrain.
  • the contour map used reflects elevations, so the difference in elevation between the intercept point and the highway shoulder at any station along the road is readily ascertainable, with the slope point indicator positioned so as to locate the intercept point.
  • the indice markings between the side slope intersection and the roadbed correspond to elevations along the proposed slope line. The difference in elevation between the side slope elevation, as read directly from the slope point indicator, and the actual ground as indicated by the contours of the contour map, are readily determined.
  • the calculator is utilized to compute a running total of the various height differentials for a given section.
  • the calculator has two wheels axially connected to rotate independently of one another and a pointer, also connected so as to rotate about the axle.
  • Scales are scribed on the wheels such that they can be used to input the elevation differentials, which are added or subtracted in the computer to give a total plus (fill) or minus (cut) of the height differentials incrementally determined along the base.
  • the pointer may be arranged to turn an indicator located in the face of the top wheel so that each time the zero indice is passed on the scale, each zero passed representing 100 feet of height differential, one digit, in either a positive or a negative direction, depending upon whether the 100 foot of height differential represents cut or fill is changed with respect to the indicator.
  • the total net height differential can be multiplied by the increment of distance selected i.e. 5 or feet, for example, to thereby determine the accumulated cross sectional area above or below the base line.
  • the distance between bases at adjacent stations along the road is multiplied by the cross sectional area computed, again using the C and D scales of the calculator, to thereby obtain the volume in cubic feet of material to be filled or cut.
  • the volume thus obtained comprise the volume of cut or fill material necessary to construction of the highway side slope between stations along the road.
  • the volume of cut or fill material necessary to construction of the highway roadbed itself is calculated by determining the differential elevation between the desired highway elevation and the ground elevation, multiplied by the width of the bed and the distance between stations along the road.
  • the calculator is used to determine the summation of height differentials and the C and D scales are used to multiply the calculated total height differentials by the length between stations, to determine the earthwork volume necessary to adjacent stations.
  • the combined use of the indicator and calculator apparatus enables user to determine side slope locations and earthwork volumes without the use of extensive profile drawings or the need for on-site observations.
  • the apparatus can be used with contour maps having any scale if the scale distances on the radiating scales and sliding bar are arranged to reflect the map scale.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the cross sectional area calculator
  • FIG. 2 a side view of the cross sectional area calculator taken on line 2--2;
  • FIG. 3 a side view of a segment of the cross sectional area calculator taken on line 3-3;
  • FIG. 4 a top plan view of the slope intercept calculator
  • FIG. 5 a schematic view showing the drive assembly for the indicator of the calculator.
  • FIG. 6 composite contour map section with proposed highway centerline thereon and a typical cross sectional profile.
  • the cross sectional area calculator 10 consists of two wheels 11 and 12. Wheel 11 has the largest diameter and is fastened beneath wheel 12. The two wheels surround a common central post 13 and are held in place by a screw 14 threaded into one end of post 13. An indicator arm 15 is also held in place on the center post 13 by screw 14. A calculator base 16 is also provided and is secured to center post 13 by a screw 17 threaded into the other end of the post. While not always necessary an indicator 18, FIGS. 1 and 2, is preferably incorporated in the calculator and is connected to the indicator arm 15 such that as the arm is turned past a zero marking on a scale B of wheel 12, to thereby reflect feet in differential elevation, the indicator l8 registers a 1, and so forth.
  • the gearing for this relationship of the indicator arm 15 to indicator 18 is shown schematically in FIG. 2 and consists of a gear train having two gears 18a and 18b.
  • Gear 18a is turned by the indicator arm 15 and as it rotates it turns the gear 18b which is formed around the indicator 18.
  • Wheel 11 has inner and outer scales C and A, respectively, scribed thereon and wheel 12 has inner and outer scales D and B scribed thereon.
  • Scales A and B are reflections of one another and are arranged to be adjacent.
  • Scales C and D, while separated by scales A and B are also reflections of one another.
  • the A and B scales are utilized to determine a cumulative vertical height between the actual ground elevation and the proposed slope line at predetermined horizontal increment points spaced, for example, 5 feet apart.
  • This cumulative height is calculated by setting the hairline indicator 15a on indicator arm 15 over the zero on scale A and rotating both scale A and indicator arm 15 together until the hairline indicator is aligned with a number on scale B representative of the ground elevation.
  • Scales A and B are immobilized and indicator 15 is rotated to align the hairline indicator with the height of the proposed slope elevation on scale B.
  • Scale A is released from scale B and, with indicator 15 held to scale A, is rotated until the hairline indicator 15a is aligned with the next ground elevation, as read on scale B.
  • Scales A and B are again held together and the hairline indicator 15a is rotated until it is aligned with the height of the proposed slope line at the next increment point, as read on scale B.
  • the procedure of unlocking scales A and B and rotation of hairline indicator 15a is then repeated at each predetermined selected increment point with the final reading on scale A reflecting the cumulative positive or negative height differential of the proposed slope to the ground at the selected increments.
  • the cross sectional area is then determined by a multiplication of the cumulative height by the predetermined increment of distance, which in the example given is five feet.
  • indicator hairline a is rotated until it is in alignment with the number I on scale D.
  • the indicator hairline 15a and the number 1 on scale D are then rotated until they are in alignment with the number on scale C which is to be multiplied.
  • Scales C and D are then immobilized and the indicator hairline is rotated until it is aligned with the multiplier on scale D.
  • the answer is then read under the hairline from scale C.
  • Successive multiplications can be accomplished by relocating the indicator l5 and the number 1 on scale D to be in alignment with said resultant on scale C and thereafter rotating the indicator to a new multiplier on scale D before reading the new answer on scale C.
  • Example 1 Utilizing the contour map and highway side slope profile shown in FIG. 6, the cross sectional area of fill in this embodiment is calculated from a determination of the slope intercept point X. This point is determined utilizing the slope intercept point indicator as will be hereinafter described in detail.
  • the proposed highway side slope is then drawn from the point Y, which is located at the edge of the proposed highway and therefore has a predetermined proposed elevation, to point X.
  • the difference in elevation between the slope intercept point X and the highway edge Y is then readily determined from the contours and the corresponding indice on the slope point indicator to be 18 feet and the horizontal distance between these two points is sealed off and is found to be 25 feet.
  • the indices of the slope point indicator when it is positioned so as to locate the slope intercept between the highway shoulder and the intercept point reflect the elevations of the proposed slope. Therefore by determining what increment of distance is to be used, by a direct reading of the contour map and the positioned scale at that point, the proposed slope elevation and the actual ground elevation can be determined without additional calculations or readings.
  • the slope line elevation minus the ground elevation beneath each increment point gives the depth of the fill required at that increment point.
  • the desired cross sectional area is determined by setting indicator hairline l5a over the zero reading on scale A, holding the aligned indicator l5 and scale A together while turning them until the hairline is aligned with the ground elevation, i.e. 20, on scale B. Scales A and B are then held together and the indicator hairline 15a is rotated until it is aligned with the highway elevation, i.e. 30, on scale B. Scale A is released from scale B and the indicator 15 is held with respect to scale A and is rotated until the hairline 15a is over the ground elevation, i.e. 18, at the first five foot increment on scale B. Scales A and B are again held together and indicator 15 is rotated to place the hairline 150 over the elevation of the side slope, i.e.
  • Scale A reflects the total cumulative combined height difierential between the ground and the proposed side slope as obtained at the increment points, i.e. 33.0 feet, in this example. Using the C and D scales, this differential 33.0 feet is multiplied by the increments of distance (5 feet) to derive the total cross sectional area (I65 ft?) between the slope line and ground.
  • Theslope intercept point indicator 20 includes a radiating scale 21 which has indices commencing at zero points 21a, 21b, 21c, and 21d that continue in increments of ten and which indices are scribed thereon corresponding to scale distances on contour maps used therewith in highway planning.
  • Such contour maps usually incorporate scale relationships of 50 or feet on the ground as equal to an inch on the contour map. Therefore, an inch on the radiating scale 21 or on a sliding scale 25 of the invention will normally reflect a ground distance of either 50 or 100 feet, depending upon the contour map intended for use.
  • the radiating scale 21 indices are identified at increments of 10 by a plurality of reference numerals.
  • the different numbers aligned with particular scale indices markings represent scales commencing at different starting, or zero points 21a, 21b, and 21c respectively, that continue through 100 along the radiating scale 21, forming what are commonly known as folded scales.
  • An operator can select a most convenient folded scale for use, as will be discussed later herein, in locating a slope intercept point on the particular contour map.
  • the indices will correspond to the distances of maps having a map distance of one inch equal to either 50 or 100 feet on the ground, these being the ground-map distance ratios most commonly used for highway design work.
  • the indices markings zero points 21d and 21c.
  • Each of the indices extends in increments of ten to points 2le and 21f, respectively, that have assigned values of 90.
  • the indices on the radiating scale 21 are laid out on opposite edges of the scale to represent cut or fill requirements.
  • the indices shown generally at 22 are applicable for out determinations and the indices shown generally at 23 are applicable for fill determinations.
  • Each radiating scale 21 represents a ratio of horizontal versus height (i.e.
  • the ratio requirement used in any instance is determined by the amount of cut or fill required to construct the highway in accordance with government established highway design criteria.
  • a complete set of radiating scales 21 will provide a scale for any possible established ratio.
  • Each radiating scale 21 has a sliding bar 25 in the center thereof arranged to reciprocate longitudinally.
  • the sliding bar 25 has indices 25a numbered from zero to 600 scribed thereon representing to a ground distance corresponding to the scale of the particular contour map being used.
  • the map ratios i.e. 50 foot to 1 inch of ground distance to map distance, are represented by the indices on the sliding bar 25.
  • Sliding scale 25 reciprocates freely within a central channel 26 of the radiating scale 21, and can be locked to the radiating scale by turning a set screw 27, which acts to bind the sliding scale 25 within channel 26.
  • the pointers 29 and 30 each incorporate pointed ends 29a and 30 a respectively that extend therefrom to travel over the indices on each side of the radiating scale 21 as the pointers travel in grooves 28a and28b.
  • the pointers are used to locate points on a contour map with respect to relative settings of the radiating and slide scales.
  • pointer 29 is first set at the zero indice mark on the sliding scale 25.
  • Pointer 30 is then set at a point on the sliding scale 25 corresponding to the width of the proposed highway, from its control line to its shoulder.
  • Sliding scale 25, having the pointers 29 and 30 so positioned is then moved within groove 26 until pointer 30 is opposite a point on radiating scale 21 corresponding to the last two digits of the elevation of the highway shoulder at a station where the side slope is to be determined.
  • Scales 21 and 25 are then clamped in their relative positions.
  • the clamped scales 21 and 25 are then positioned on the contour map being used such that the pointer 29, which is positioned at zero on sliding scale 25, is on the highway control line with the pointer 30 indicating the shoulder or station from where the side slope is being determined.
  • the clamped scales are then unclamped and the slding scale 25 is made to slide in groove 26 in scale 21 and within pointer 30 until the edge of pointer 29 butts thereagainst, whereat the scales are again clamped together and are made to extend normal to the highway.
  • Pointer 29 is thereby positioned on the located shoulder and indicates on scale 21 the height of said shoulder.
  • Example 2- Utilizing the contour map of FIG. 6, the slope intercept point indicator is used to locate slope intercept point X.
  • Highway construction standards dictate the ratio of horizontal distance to height for various slopes. Therefor, based on experience and the nature of the terrain, the operator will first select the radiating scale having the ratio (2.1, 4.1, etc.) that he believes will fit-the existing conditions. If his selection is in error he will have to select another indicator and recompute the slope intercept point.
  • pointer 29 is positioned over the zero reading on sliding scale 25 and pointer 30 is moved to a point on sliding scale 25 refleeting the highway width from a control line, i.e. 30
  • the sliding scale with pointers positioned thereon is moved within groove 26 in radiating scale 21 until pointer 30 is opposite to the last two digits of the elevation of the highway shoulder from where the proposed highway slope is to be constructed (coincidently 30 in this example).
  • Scales 21 and 25 are then clamped together in their relative positions by set screw 27.
  • the terrain over which the proposed roadbed is travelled is evaluated, by inspecting the contour map, to determine whether the proposed roadbed, having a known predetermined elevation at any point will be above the ground, thereby requiring fill for the side slope or below the ground so that cutting of the side slope will be required. In the example given, the proposed roadbed is above the ground and fill is therefor required. Accordingly, an appropriate fill indice on the radiating scale 21 is used.
  • Scales 21 and 25 that locked together, are placed on the contour map of FIG. 6 and are positioned such that pointer 30, arranged on scale 21 to indicate numeral 30 to be the last two digits of the proposed shoulder elevator of 6030 feet, is positioned on the control line, extending normal thereto, with pointer 30, resting at a point representing 30 feet on scale 25, indicates on the map the location of the highway shoulder shown herein as point Y and pointer 29, is spaced apart from pointer 30, and rests on a zero indices marking on scale 25.
  • the scales 21 and 25 are released and scale 25 is made to slide within pointer 30 that is held stationary to scale 21 and in groove 26 in radiating scale 21 until pointer 29 butts against pointer 30, whereat the scales are again clamped together.
  • Pointer 29, aligned with zero on scale 25, is thereby positioned above point Y, allowing pointer 30 to be moved therefrom to be used in locating the scale 21 and the contour map intercept point.
  • Point Y is representative of any point on the edge of the road from which a slope line is to extend.
  • the scales 21 and 25 are positioned to extend transverse to the proposed highway centerline. A point of intersection of the radiating scale 21 with a contour on the contour map is sought i.e.
  • intercept point Once the intercept point has been determined, it can be used to calculate areas and volumes as heretofore described using the cross sectional area calculator.
  • a slope intercept point indicator comprising a radiating scale having indices scribed thereon that represent increments of height corresponding to the scale of a contour map, and that are calculated in accordance with a designated side slope ratio;
  • At least one pointer movable with respect to the bar scale and radiating scale whereby indices marks representing distance can be located, identified and accurately transferred to the contour map and with which indicator the intersection between a point on a contour map and a corresponding indices marking can be identified.
  • a slope intercept point indicator as in claim 1 wherein two pointers are slidably attached to the bar and radiating scale, and travel along said bar scale, each pointer having pointed ends projecting from each side thereof, and said pointers being arranged to travel along the indices of the radiating scale, whereby they can be used to align said radiating scale indices and bar scale indices with contour map points.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
US00109146A 1971-01-25 1971-01-25 Apparatus for determining earthwork volumes Expired - Lifetime US3745658A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10941671A 1971-01-25 1971-01-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3745658A true US3745658A (en) 1973-07-17

Family

ID=22327531

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00109146A Expired - Lifetime US3745658A (en) 1971-01-25 1971-01-25 Apparatus for determining earthwork volumes
US00109416A Expired - Lifetime US3719643A (en) 1971-01-25 1971-01-25 High pressure process for polyethylene production

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00109416A Expired - Lifetime US3719643A (en) 1971-01-25 1971-01-25 High pressure process for polyethylene production

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US3745658A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5222975B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA996297A (fr)
DE (1) DE2203428B2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2123374B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1345673A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937930A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-02-10 Thomas Frank J Rotary slide rule for topographic calculations
US20040261277A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2004-12-30 Hughes Brett Raymond Estimating apparatus
US20050183281A1 (en) * 2004-02-21 2005-08-25 Kennedy James P. Measuring and tool setting device for use on woodworking machines
US20050268245A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2005-12-01 Peter Gipps User interface for path determination system
US20060020431A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2006-01-26 Peter Gipps Path determination system for transport system
US20060020789A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2006-01-26 Peter Gipps Secure infrastructure for path determination system
US20060020430A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2006-01-26 Peter Gipps Path analysis system with client and server-side applications
WO2006065270A1 (fr) * 2004-05-11 2006-06-22 Quantm Ltd. Systeme d'analyse de voies
US20060206623A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Peter Gipps Path determination system for vehicle infrastructure paths
US20090198505A1 (en) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-06 Peter Gipps Interactive path planning with dynamic costing
US20120240421A1 (en) * 2010-12-28 2012-09-27 Agco Corporation Field Productivity Gauge
US20220112670A1 (en) * 2020-10-13 2022-04-14 Samuel C. Patterson Depth guide for paving machine

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3875134A (en) * 1973-05-07 1975-04-01 Sumitomo Chemical Co Process for producing ethylene polymer under high pressure
US4002813A (en) * 1974-08-16 1977-01-11 Dart Industries Inc. Injection of catalysts into a polymerization autoclave
US3974237A (en) * 1975-02-21 1976-08-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Block copolymer processes
FR2313399A1 (fr) * 1975-06-03 1976-12-31 Charbonnages Ste Chimique Procede de polymerisation et de copolymerisation de l'ethylene utilisant un dispositif d'injection de gaz
US4046718A (en) * 1976-06-17 1977-09-06 The Dow Chemical Company Polymerization method employing tubular reactor
DE2826196A1 (de) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-20 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von nicht umgesetztem propylen bei der massepolymerisation
FR2445344A1 (fr) * 1978-12-28 1980-07-25 Charbonnages Ste Chimique Procede d'elargissement de la repartition moleculaire du polyethylene par emploi de deux reacteurs et de deux separateurs
US4255387A (en) * 1978-12-29 1981-03-10 El Paso Polyolefins Company High pressure tubular reactor apparatus
US4439601A (en) * 1979-03-30 1984-03-27 Cosden Technology, Inc. Multiple stage devolatilization process for mass processable polymers
FR2460306A1 (fr) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-23 Charbonnages Ste Chimique Procede de production de polymeres de l'ethylene et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4831108A (en) * 1983-02-16 1989-05-16 Amoco Corporation Polycondensation process with mean dispersion residence time
DE3633819A1 (de) * 1986-10-04 1988-04-14 Basf Ag Abscheidesystem zur reduktion der feststoffemission bei entspannungsvorgaengen an hochdruckpolymerisationsreaktoren
US5200486A (en) * 1988-12-29 1993-04-06 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for separating volatile components from reaction mixtures obtained through high-pressure polymerization
US6852787B1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2005-02-08 Mcmichael James W. Free-flowing polymer composition
CN101242891B (zh) * 2005-08-24 2011-05-11 巴斯夫欧洲公司 生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法
WO2016022225A1 (fr) 2014-08-05 2016-02-11 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Procédé de fabrication de polymères d'éthylène et d'utilisation des modificateurs
CN115197348A (zh) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-18 浙江大学 乙烯聚合物以及用于制备乙烯聚合物的高压自由基聚合方法与装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2972810A (en) * 1956-12-17 1961-02-28 Davis Franklin Le Roy Device for computing areas and volumes
US2975521A (en) * 1953-12-30 1961-03-21 Eugene C Holmes Area measuring device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1325698A (fr) * 1961-03-18 1963-05-03 Bayer Ag Réacteur tubulaire destiné notamment à des polymérisations sous pression
FR1474635A (fr) * 1965-04-09 1967-03-24 Union Carbide Corp Polymères d'éthylène pulvérulents et procédé pour les produire

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2975521A (en) * 1953-12-30 1961-03-21 Eugene C Holmes Area measuring device
US2972810A (en) * 1956-12-17 1961-02-28 Davis Franklin Le Roy Device for computing areas and volumes

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937930A (en) * 1973-12-17 1976-02-10 Thomas Frank J Rotary slide rule for topographic calculations
US20040261277A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2004-12-30 Hughes Brett Raymond Estimating apparatus
US7000331B2 (en) * 2004-02-21 2006-02-21 James P. Kennedy Measuring and tool setting device for use on woodworking machines
US20050183281A1 (en) * 2004-02-21 2005-08-25 Kennedy James P. Measuring and tool setting device for use on woodworking machines
WO2006065270A1 (fr) * 2004-05-11 2006-06-22 Quantm Ltd. Systeme d'analyse de voies
US20060020789A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2006-01-26 Peter Gipps Secure infrastructure for path determination system
US20060020430A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2006-01-26 Peter Gipps Path analysis system with client and server-side applications
US20060020431A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2006-01-26 Peter Gipps Path determination system for transport system
US20050268245A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2005-12-01 Peter Gipps User interface for path determination system
US20070061274A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2007-03-15 Peter Gipps Pipeline path analysis
US20080215390A1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2008-09-04 Peter Gipps Path determination system for transport system
US20060206623A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Peter Gipps Path determination system for vehicle infrastructure paths
US20090198505A1 (en) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-06 Peter Gipps Interactive path planning with dynamic costing
US20120240421A1 (en) * 2010-12-28 2012-09-27 Agco Corporation Field Productivity Gauge
US20220112670A1 (en) * 2020-10-13 2022-04-14 Samuel C. Patterson Depth guide for paving machine
US11933000B2 (en) * 2020-10-13 2024-03-19 Samuel C. Patterson Depth guide for paving machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1345673A (en) 1974-01-30
FR2123374B1 (fr) 1975-10-24
FR2123374A1 (fr) 1972-09-08
DE2203428B2 (de) 1976-07-15
DE2203428A1 (de) 1972-08-17
CA996297A (en) 1976-08-31
US3719643A (en) 1973-03-06
JPS5222975B1 (fr) 1977-06-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3745658A (en) Apparatus for determining earthwork volumes
Alley et al. Distributed routing rainfall-runoff model; version II
US8352188B2 (en) Apparatus for generating high resolution surface topology map using surface profiling and surveying instrumentation
CN111005273A (zh) 施工临时道路布置方法
US2972810A (en) Device for computing areas and volumes
Domzalski Three dimensional gravity survey
Gramling et al. Rational approach to cross-profile and rut depth analysis
Grist Digital ground models: An account of recent research
CN112765707A (zh) 一种路基土石方方量的计算方法及系统
Moore et al. Leap—a suite of FORTRAN IV programs for generating erosional potentials of land surfaces from topographic information
US3487550A (en) Adjustable grade setting rule
Fletcher Integration of surveys
US1989223A (en) Graphic calculating device
VASILESCU et al. TOPOGRAPHYCAL METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
US1805605A (en) Stadia rod
Akhmedov et al. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING GEODESY IN MODERN URBAN PLANNING
Webb Railroad engineering
Brayshaw Photogrammetric maps applied to highway location and planning
Shahapure 7 Data Analysis in
JPH08152322A (ja) 位置測量方法及びその装置
Cardon Slope Stakes and Earthwork
Saucier et al. A Technique for Mapping Terrain Microgeometry
SU964444A1 (ru) Способ фотограмметрического определени координат точек местности
Huang et al. Effects of stream channel improvements on downstream floods
Smith Earthwork Volumes by Contour Method