US3741756A - Metal consolidation - Google Patents
Metal consolidation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3741756A US3741756A US00193162A US3741756DA US3741756A US 3741756 A US3741756 A US 3741756A US 00193162 A US00193162 A US 00193162A US 3741756D A US3741756D A US 3741756DA US 3741756 A US3741756 A US 3741756A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- consolidation
- aluminum
- particulate
- silica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
Definitions
- the application discloses a process for consolidation of metal particles at an elevated temperature within a bed of particulate material comprising a mixture of refractory material and a particulate getter material, selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and zirconium, for reacting with oxygen released from the refractory material during the heating period to prevent contamination of the consolidated product.
- This application relates to consolidation of metal particles by compression within a surrounding material.
- the invention is particularly useful in compression of powdered metals surrounded by a powdered or granular refractory material.
- Hailey patent discloses a process in which a mass of material to be consolidated is placed within a refractory container, heated, and compressed. It has been found advantageous to practice the invention of the Hailey patent by preliminarily consolidating metal particles, and then embedding them directly in a particulate refractory, such as an oxide of silicon, before heating and hot consolidation. In carrying out the process of the Hailey patent, it has been found that oxygen may react with the metal being consolidated especially at elevated temperatures which exist prior to the consolidation.
- Reaction of the oxygen and the metal particles causes an oxide to be formed resulting in surface scaling, oxide inclusions within the part, and possible loss of strength.
- heating may be carried out in a protective atmosphere, there is a continuing risk of oxidation so long as the metal particles are at an elevated temperature.
- particles of a highly active metal into the particulate refractory material.
- a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium and zirconium.
- aluminum we find aluminum to be especially advantageous and presently prefer to use the same in the practice of the invention. If titanium particles are used, how ever, they effectively eliminate nitrogen from reacting with the metal being consolidated.
- the metallic material to be consolidated is preformed into the general configuration desired for the finished product.
- the metal particles may be held together by a preliminary compression step sufiicient to bind the particles together but less than the ultimate consolidation. Also the particles could be adhered by use of a binder or resin.
- the preshaped part is placed and embedded within a particulate refractory material such as silica.
- the silica may be confined within a steel container of light gauge to enable easy handling of the preshaped part and the surrounding silica.
- the part has been 3,741,756 Patented June 26, 1973 ICC placed in the silica, more silica is placed on top so that the preshaped part is entirely embedded in silica.
- the silica particles Prior to the time the silica is used to embed the pre shaped part, the silica particles are thoroughly mixed with aluminum powder to distribute the aluminum evenly throughout. Thus the preshaped metal part is effectively embedded in a mixture of silica particles and aluminum powder.
- the preshaped part, the refractory material and the steel container are heated in a furnace, preferably under a reducing atmosphere. After the entire mass has been suitably heated, it is subjected to hot con solidation by application of pressure in a press.
- Aluminum is highly reactive with oxygen.
- the aluminum particles distributed through the silica react with any oxygen which may be present and form an aluminum oxide in the silica bed.
- the oxygen is thereby stripped from the part being formed resulting in a consolidation part substantially free of oxide.
- the part is removed from the silica-aluminum-aluminum oxide particles in which it is embedded, and is handled in a convenient manner.
- Titanium has the advantage that it will also attract and strip nitrogen from the preconsolidated metal part in the event it is desried to have a nitrogen-free part.
- the improvement which comprises providing a bed of particulate material consisting of a mixture of particulate refractory material and at least one particulate additive as a getter selected from the group of aluminum, titanium and zirconium.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19316271A | 1971-10-27 | 1971-10-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3741756A true US3741756A (en) | 1973-06-26 |
Family
ID=22712484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00193162A Expired - Lifetime US3741756A (en) | 1971-10-27 | 1971-10-27 | Metal consolidation |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3741756A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS4850906A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE784930A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2222515A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| ES (1) | ES404726A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2157783A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IT (1) | IT958424B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL7209222A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5321018A (en) * | 1976-08-11 | 1978-02-27 | Nippon Tungsten | Hot hydrostatic pressure sintering process |
| US4138250A (en) * | 1975-11-18 | 1979-02-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Method for producing metal block having a high density with metal powder |
| WO2009076946A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transportform für unedle metallteilchen und verwendung derselben |
| US8146845B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2012-04-03 | Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai | Automatic shredder without choosing the number of paper to be shredded |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5852406A (ja) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-03-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 熱間静水圧プレス方法 |
-
1971
- 1971-10-27 US US00193162A patent/US3741756A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-05-08 DE DE19722222515 patent/DE2222515A1/de active Pending
- 1972-06-15 BE BE784930A patent/BE784930A/xx unknown
- 1972-06-17 IT IT50975/72A patent/IT958424B/it active
- 1972-06-30 NL NL7209222A patent/NL7209222A/xx unknown
- 1972-07-06 FR FR7224482A patent/FR2157783A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1972-07-11 ES ES404726A patent/ES404726A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-09-05 JP JP47088409A patent/JPS4850906A/ja active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4138250A (en) * | 1975-11-18 | 1979-02-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Method for producing metal block having a high density with metal powder |
| JPS5321018A (en) * | 1976-08-11 | 1978-02-27 | Nippon Tungsten | Hot hydrostatic pressure sintering process |
| WO2009076946A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transportform für unedle metallteilchen und verwendung derselben |
| WO2009076919A1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transportform für unedle metallteilchen und verwendung derselben |
| US20110039106A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-02-17 | Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transporter form for base metal particles and use thereof |
| US8146845B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2012-04-03 | Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai | Automatic shredder without choosing the number of paper to be shredded |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4850906A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-07-18 |
| ES404726A1 (es) | 1975-06-16 |
| BE784930A (fr) | 1972-10-02 |
| DE2222515A1 (de) | 1973-05-03 |
| NL7209222A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-05-02 |
| FR2157783A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-06-08 |
| IT958424B (it) | 1973-10-20 |
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