US3738139A - Metal working - Google Patents

Metal working Download PDF

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Publication number
US3738139A
US3738139A US00168693A US3738139DA US3738139A US 3738139 A US3738139 A US 3738139A US 00168693 A US00168693 A US 00168693A US 3738139D A US3738139D A US 3738139DA US 3738139 A US3738139 A US 3738139A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
roller
edge
circumference
mounting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00168693A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Proops
S Bridges
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UK Secretary of State for Defence
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Secr Defence
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Publication date
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Publication of US3738139A publication Critical patent/US3738139A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
    • B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of increasing the thickness of a zone of a thin-walled metal member of circular cross-section comprising: heating the metal in the zone to a temperature at which it can be plastically deformed, and applying axial force to the metal in the zone by a first surface which makes rolling engagement with the member and which moves relatively to the member around the circumference of the member, while also applying radial restraint by further surfaces which make rolling engagement with the member so as to locate the thickened metal relatively to the remainder of the member.
  • Gas turbine engines for aircraft include components which are fundamentally cylindrical or conical in shape, of large diameter, and with a wall which is thin in relation to the diameter. These components are required to have additional metal at one or more zones. For example, flanges may be required at the ends, to permit a component to be connected to another one. There may be a need to provide a pair of circumferential flanges, to define between them a groove to receive a sealing member.
  • the present invention concerns a method by which such components can be made from an integral blank, without the need to remove very large quantities of metal from the blank.
  • a zone of the end or edge of a thin-walled metal member of circular cross-section in increased in thickness by heating the metal in the zone to a temperature at which it can be heating the metal in the zone to a temperature at which it can be plastically deformed, and applying axial force to the metal in the zone by a first surface which makes rolling engagement with the member and which moves relatively to the member around the circumference of the member, while also applying radial restraint by further surfaces which make rolling engagement with the member so as to locate the thickened metal relatively to the remainder of the member.
  • the metal member may be a tubular blank which has been produced from a piece of sheet metal, rolled into a cylinder or cone, with a butt-welded longitudinal seam.
  • the present method has many advantages, as compared with the method usually used hitherto, namely forming the majority of the component by rolling up sheet metal, and then adding the necessary flanges, by welding on of annular pieces which have been produced separately as forgings.
  • the advantages include:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an arrangement of rollers for applying axial force and radial restraint
  • FIG. 2' is a vertical section of the same arrangement
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing, in cross section, successive stages in deformation of an end zone of a tubular blank
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show two alternative arrangements of rollers
  • FIG. 6 is a section showing two flanges on a component
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of an apparatus for forming one of the two flanges shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show the formation of an external flange on one end of a cylindrical tubular blank 1.
  • the machine used is an ordinary vertical boring machine with minor modifications.
  • the blank is mounted with its axis vertical on the table of the machine, not shown, which can rotate about the axis.
  • the means for applying downward axial force to the upper end of the blank is a roller 4, and the means for applying radial restraint is two rollers 6 and 8, the operative faces 10 and 12 of which are part-spherical.
  • These rollers are on a common axis, and are carried by a non-rotating shaft M which is mounted in a bracket 15 on the usual tool slides 16 and 18 of the boring machine.
  • the roller 4 is constituted by the central part of a sleeve 20 which can turn on the shaft 14.
  • the roller 6 is fixed to the sleeve and is located by a thrust bearing 22 abutting one arm 23 of the bracket 15.
  • the roller 8 can shift axially along the sleeve 20 under control of a nut 24 which is threaded at 26 onto the shaft 14.
  • the nut is journalled in a second arm 27 of the bracket 15, and contains a bearing 28 for the sleeve 20.
  • the nut abuts a thrust bearing 30 for the roller 8.
  • the nut 24 ' can be turned by a handle 32 and locked by a further nut 34.
  • the table of the machine is rotated, thus rotating the blank 1.
  • the rollers are shifted horizontally on the slide 16 so as to bring the surface 10 of the roller 6 to a position tangent to the inner cylindrical surface of the blank.
  • the rollers are fed downwards on the slide 18 to bring the roller 4 into engagement with the upper end of the blank.
  • the upper end'zone of the blank is heated by a multitum induction heating element 2.
  • This heating element is mounted on the bracket 15, by means not shown. As shown in FIG. 1, the heating element extends over an arc of the circumference of the blank, and the rollers occupy a position such that they act on a part of the blank soon after that part has left the heating element. However, to facilitate understanding of the function of the heating element, its position in relation to the blank is indicated in chain lines at 2 in FIG. 3A as if it were not circumferentially offset from the rollers.
  • the bracket 15 carrying the rollers and the heating element is fed gradually downwards, as indicated by the arrows 36 in FIG. 3.
  • the roller 8 is shifted gradually radially outwards, as indicated by the arrows 38.
  • the initial shape of the blank is shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the rollers are fed downwards, and when the metal has been deformed so as to fill the clearance 40, then the outward movement.
  • the thickness of the material of the blank is 0.2 inches.
  • the rough dimensions of the flange in FIG. 3D are 1.0 ins. by 0.5 ins.
  • rollers and heater The axial travel of the rollers and heater is approximately 2 inches. Larger flanges may be made from the same material.
  • the electric supply to the heating element is adjusted so that the metal is heated to 1120C.
  • a suitable rate of rotation is approximately 11 rpm, and the rate of axial feed of the rollers and heating element is 0.050 inch per revolution. That is to say 40 revolutions are necessary to carry out the process.
  • the metal reaches operating temperature in to 15 secs. from switching on the heater.
  • the invention can be applied to a wide range of sizes of metal member, from as small as about 4 ins. diameter, to as large as available machinery can handle.
  • the advantages compared with upsetting become less as the diameter decreases to 4 ins.
  • the roller 6 may be changed for another having apart-spherical surface of smaller radius, since this radius must be smaller than the internal radius of the member.
  • the roller 8 need not have a part-spherical operative face; this face could be flat.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement of rollers, which is similar in effect to that shown in FIG. 1, in that there are three effective surfaces, which engage the top of the flange, and the radially inner and outer surfaces.
  • Axial force is applied to the upper end of the blank by a surface 44 of a roller 46, the axis of which is in a radial plane of the blank, inclined to the axis of the blank.
  • Radial restraint is provided by a second surface 48 of the roller 46, and by a surface 50 of a roller 52.
  • the roller 52 is cylindrical and its axis is vertical, lying in the same plane as the axis of the roller 46.
  • the rollers 46 and 52 and the heating element 2 are all fed axially downwards at the same rate, as indicated by the arrow 54. At the same time, the roller 52 is shifted gradually radially outwards as indicated by the arrow 56.
  • the inclination of the axis of the roller 46 is shown as 45 to the vertical.
  • the angle depends upon the size of the blank. The angle is chosen to five rolling contact of the roller at all times, and thus the axis of the roller must pass through the inter-section of the axis of the blank and the plane of the top surface of the flange.
  • FIG. 5 shows how control may be applied if desired.
  • FIG. 5 there are three separate cylindrical rollers 58,60,62, the axis of 58 being horizontal and the axes of 60 and 62 being vertical in a plane which is radial to the blank 1.
  • the axis of the roller 58 is parallel to this plane but displaced a little from it, so that the lowest part of the roller 58 does no foul the rollers 60 and 62.
  • the roller 62 has a rectangular-sectioned groove 64 in its periphery, into which metal is displaced as the three rollers are fed downwards.
  • the roller 62 does not move away from the roller 60. That is to say, the radial restraint exerted by the roller 62 only becomes effective towards the end of the operation. If a flange of large radial extent is required, the operation may be in two stages, the roller 62 being replaced for the second stage by a roller having a groove which has a greater radial dimension.
  • FIG. 6 shows a blank which has been formed with two flanges, namely a terminal flange 65, and an intermediate flange 66, which between them define a groove 68 suitable for receiving a sealing element.
  • the flange 66 is formed first, and a suitable apparatus is shown in FIG. 7. In this case it is not practical to use induction heating, and resistance heating is used instead.
  • One electrode consists of two concentric cylindrical members 70 and 72.
  • the other electrode consists of a roller 74 with a groove 76.
  • the groove 76 serves to accommodate metal which will later be required to form the base of the groove 68, and to form the flange 64.
  • the metal of the flange is restrained both by the bottom and outer wall of the groove 78, and also by the flange 80 of the roller 74.
  • a method of producing at one end of the wall of a thin-walled metal member of circular cross section, a zone of greater thickness than the wall of the member comprising the steps of:
  • Apparatus for producing at one end of the wall of a thin-walled metal member of circular cross section, a zone of greater thickness than the wall of the member comprising a support for the member and a mounting, means for relatively rotating the support and the mounting about an axis, a first roller surface carried by the mounting and adapted to apply axial force to the member, means for relatively moving this first roller surface towards the support, a second roller surface and a third roller surface both carried by the mounting and adapted to engage the inner and the outer faces of the zone respectively at a common station, means for shifting the second and third roller surfaces relatively to each other in a direction perpendicular to the axis of relative rotation of the support and the mounting, and means on the mounting adjacent to the first roller for locally heating the end of the wall of the member.
  • a method of producing at an edge of a metal member of circular cross section, a zone of greater thickness than the body of the member comprising the steps of:
  • deforming the metal at said edge solely by applying applying a restraining force in a direction normal to said deformation force in said direction of thickening by means of further surfaces which make rolling engagement with said member so as to locate the thickened metal relative to the remainder of the member, the deformation of the metal being progressive starting at the edge of said member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US00168693A 1970-08-04 1971-08-03 Metal working Expired - Lifetime US3738139A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3765870 1970-08-04

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DE (1) DE2139054A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2101221B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1344066A (enExample)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4000634A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-01-04 Don R. Hinderliter, Inc. Method and apparatus for forming a sheave from a flat disc of metal
US4084419A (en) * 1976-03-19 1978-04-18 Thyssen Industrie Ag Method for manufacturing annular metal workpieces
US4409811A (en) * 1980-06-30 1983-10-18 Bohner & Koehle Gmbh & Co. Process and a spinning lathe for producing wheel rims
US4606206A (en) * 1985-01-30 1986-08-19 Motor Wheel Corporation Method and apparatus for edge preparation of spinning blanks
US4799372A (en) * 1985-10-28 1989-01-24 Charles Marcon Process for forming helical screw threads having a flank with zero or negative inclination
AU629472B2 (en) * 1990-06-07 1992-10-01 Mcdermott International, Inc. Conductor guide forming machine
US20030167815A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2003-09-11 Johan Massee Method and forming machine for deforming a hollow workpiece
US20030172701A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2003-09-18 Johan Massee Forming machine and method for deforming a hollow workpiece
US20050035179A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-02-17 The Boeing Company Stir forming apparatus and method
US20080216539A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2008-09-11 Manfred Meinig Method and Device for the Integral Molding of a Flange to the End of a Round or Oval Pipe of Thin-Walled Sheet Metal and Pipe Produced by the Method
CN102641933A (zh) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-22 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 卷边的金属板、卷边装置和卷边方法
US8777277B2 (en) 2010-12-02 2014-07-15 Victaulic Company Pipe element having shoulder, groove and bead and methods and apparatus for manufacture thereof
USD720051S1 (en) 2011-01-20 2014-12-23 Victaulic Company Pipe element
US9038428B2 (en) 2011-09-02 2015-05-26 Victaulic Company Spin forming method
US20170043389A1 (en) * 2014-04-21 2017-02-16 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing preliminary formed body and axisymmetrical component
CN108131365A (zh) * 2017-11-07 2018-06-08 珠海凌达压缩机有限公司 法兰和压缩机

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126029A (en) * 1976-12-02 1978-11-21 General Electric Company Method of forming hollow cylindrical parts with internal contours
FR2462949A1 (fr) * 1979-08-02 1981-02-20 Tkachenko Alexandr Procede de formage de brides sur des ebauches tubulaires, machine pour sa mise en oeuvre et pieces a bride ainsi obtenues

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US515403A (en) * 1894-02-27 Die for shaping spinning-rings from sheet metal
US1744549A (en) * 1927-09-29 1930-01-21 Kellogg M W Co Method of and means for forming flanged articles
US1745514A (en) * 1924-08-26 1930-02-04 Taylor James Hall Ring-rolling machine
US2469775A (en) * 1944-07-20 1949-05-10 Curtiss Wright Corp Apparatus for rolling flanges on tubes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE563313C (de) * 1932-11-03 Gustav Koetter Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Innenverdickung am mit Innengewinde zu versehendenoffenen Ende von Abschlusskappen fuer Sauerstoffflaschen o. dgl.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US515403A (en) * 1894-02-27 Die for shaping spinning-rings from sheet metal
US1745514A (en) * 1924-08-26 1930-02-04 Taylor James Hall Ring-rolling machine
US1744549A (en) * 1927-09-29 1930-01-21 Kellogg M W Co Method of and means for forming flanged articles
US2469775A (en) * 1944-07-20 1949-05-10 Curtiss Wright Corp Apparatus for rolling flanges on tubes

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4000634A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-01-04 Don R. Hinderliter, Inc. Method and apparatus for forming a sheave from a flat disc of metal
US4084419A (en) * 1976-03-19 1978-04-18 Thyssen Industrie Ag Method for manufacturing annular metal workpieces
US4409811A (en) * 1980-06-30 1983-10-18 Bohner & Koehle Gmbh & Co. Process and a spinning lathe for producing wheel rims
US4606206A (en) * 1985-01-30 1986-08-19 Motor Wheel Corporation Method and apparatus for edge preparation of spinning blanks
US4799372A (en) * 1985-10-28 1989-01-24 Charles Marcon Process for forming helical screw threads having a flank with zero or negative inclination
AU629472B2 (en) * 1990-06-07 1992-10-01 Mcdermott International, Inc. Conductor guide forming machine
US20030167815A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2003-09-11 Johan Massee Method and forming machine for deforming a hollow workpiece
US20030172701A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2003-09-18 Johan Massee Forming machine and method for deforming a hollow workpiece
US7174759B2 (en) 2000-07-21 2007-02-13 Johan Massee Forming machine and method for deforming a hollow workpiece
US7251974B2 (en) * 2000-07-21 2007-08-07 Johan Massee Method and forming machine for deforming a hollow workpiece
US20050035179A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-02-17 The Boeing Company Stir forming apparatus and method
US7971463B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2011-07-05 The Boeing Company Stir forming apparatus
US7448528B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2008-11-11 The Boeing Company Stir forming apparatus and method
US20080302154A1 (en) * 2003-08-12 2008-12-11 The Boeing Company Stir Forming Apparatus
US7908898B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2011-03-22 Metu Meinig Ag Method and device for the integral molding of a flange to the end of a round or oval pipe of thin-walled sheet metal and pipe produced by the method
US20080216539A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2008-09-11 Manfred Meinig Method and Device for the Integral Molding of a Flange to the End of a Round or Oval Pipe of Thin-Walled Sheet Metal and Pipe Produced by the Method
US9333543B2 (en) 2010-12-02 2016-05-10 Victaulic Company Pipe element having shoulder, groove and bead
US8777277B2 (en) 2010-12-02 2014-07-15 Victaulic Company Pipe element having shoulder, groove and bead and methods and apparatus for manufacture thereof
US9010164B2 (en) 2010-12-02 2015-04-21 Victaulic Company Methods for manufacture of pipe element having shoulder, groove and bead
US10161547B2 (en) 2010-12-02 2018-12-25 Victaulic Company Device and method for forming pipe elements
USD720051S1 (en) 2011-01-20 2014-12-23 Victaulic Company Pipe element
US20120214015A1 (en) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Hemmed Metal Panels, Hemming Apparatuses, and Hemming Methods
US8677796B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-03-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Hemmed metal panels, hemming apparatuses, and hemming methods
CN102641933B (zh) * 2011-02-18 2015-05-13 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 卷边的金属板、卷边装置和卷边方法
CN102641933A (zh) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-22 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 卷边的金属板、卷边装置和卷边方法
US9038428B2 (en) 2011-09-02 2015-05-26 Victaulic Company Spin forming method
US20170043389A1 (en) * 2014-04-21 2017-02-16 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing preliminary formed body and axisymmetrical component
US10632522B2 (en) * 2014-04-21 2020-04-28 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing preliminary formed body and axisymmetrical component
CN108131365A (zh) * 2017-11-07 2018-06-08 珠海凌达压缩机有限公司 法兰和压缩机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2101221A1 (enExample) 1972-03-31
DE2139054A1 (de) 1972-02-10
FR2101221B1 (enExample) 1974-12-20
GB1344066A (en) 1974-01-16

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