US3737981A - Process of manufacturing forged or rolled rod steel from ledeburitic tool steel - Google Patents

Process of manufacturing forged or rolled rod steel from ledeburitic tool steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3737981A
US3737981A US00188014A US3737981DA US3737981A US 3737981 A US3737981 A US 3737981A US 00188014 A US00188014 A US 00188014A US 3737981D A US3737981D A US 3737981DA US 3737981 A US3737981 A US 3737981A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ingot
steel
cross
section
slab
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00188014A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Plockinger
W Holzgruber
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Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
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Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling

Definitions

  • Said slab ingot is upset by a succession of forging steps in the direction of the longitudinal axis of said slab ingot to provide a semifinished product.
  • Said semifinished product is subjected to a stretching deformation to an extent of at least two times, based on the cross-section of said semi-finished product, to form a stretched product having the crosssection desired for said rod. From said stretched product, a rod is obtained which has a fairly homogeneous carbide distribution throughout its cross-section and length.
  • PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING FORGED OR ROLLED ROD STEEL FROM LEDEBURITIC TOOL STEEL This invention relates to the manufacture of semifinished or finished products ofledeburitic tool steels.
  • the structure of the ingot can be improved by remelting processes compared to the known ingot-casting processes.
  • Remelting processes result in a higher yield in the steelmaking plant and in an improved crystallization throughout the ingot.
  • the improved structure which can be obtained by a remelting process is not satisfactory for ledeburitic steels, particularly high-speed steels, because these steels must meet in operation much higher quality requirements.
  • the users impose certain specifications as regards the distribution and the grain size of carbides. In most cases, the steel is evaluated as to these requirements with reference to the Stahl-Eisen-Richtibin.
  • the carbide and austenite grain size should be minimized and the carbides should be uniformly distributed.
  • These requirements cannot be met only if the steels can be subjected to a deformation above a certain minimum. Depending on the thickness and the desired dimension, the deformation must be carried out to such an extent that the primary ledeburite network of the cast ingot or of the remelted ingot is destroyed as completely as possible. A deformation of at least 16 times is required for certain, very high requirements. For this reason, these steels can be supplied only with relatively small dimensions.
  • a deformation which is smaller than 8 times is not sufficient in most cases to destroy the primary structure of the steel to such an extent that the'distribution of carbides is tolerable and the carbide grains are sufficiently small.
  • processes such as the electric slag refining process a process involving the use of a selfconsuming electrode in a vacuum arc furnace, a melting in the electron beam furnace or plasma furnace, the controlled solidification results in a relatively uniform distribution of carbides but the carbides still form such coarse grains that a deformation of at least 8 times is required. Where large final dimensions are required, even a deformation of at least 8 times cannot result in a sufficiently fine division of the carbides because the raw ingot having the cross-section required for this purpose has a relatively coarse primary structure due to the slow solidification of such large ingots.
  • the starting steel is usually in the form of a circular, square or polygonal ingot.
  • the starting product used to make such steel with small dimensions, such as sheet or strip, consists of a slab.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an ingot obtained as an intermediate product in a known process by upsetting a relatively small ingot.
  • FIG. 2 shows an ingot made in said known process by subjecting the upset ingot of FIG. 1 to a stretching de-- formation in the direction of its axis.
  • FIG. 3 shows an ingot made in said'known process by transversely forging the ingot of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the making of a slab by remelting in the process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the upsetting of the slab of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 illustrates the transverse forging of the product of the step shown in FIG. 5.
  • a slab which was close-grained and free of shrinkage cavities and ingotism and had dimensions of 450 X X 375 millimeters was made from a high-speed steel composed of 1.25 percent carbon, 4.3 percent chromium, 5.2 percent molybdenum, 9.5 percent tungsten, 3.5
  • rods having comparable dimensions and made by conventional processes quite often had a rating up to .4 d in the core zone.
  • the carbide distribution was rated 1.5 1 near the skin, 2 l to 3 l in the core zone, and 2 d in individual outliers.
  • the invention provides a process of making forged or rolled steel rod from ledeburitic tool steels, which steel rod has a highly homogeneous carbide distribution throughout the cross-section and length of the steel, and the process is characterized in that a fusible electrode suitable for a remelting process is made first from such tool steels and is remelted, the resulting melt is caused to solidify in a water-cooled slab ingot mold to form a building-up slab ingot, the resulting slab ingot is upset by a succession of forging steps in the direction product, which is approximately square or circular in cross-section, and said semi-finished product is subjected to a stretching deformation by forging or rolling transversely to the axis A of the original slab to the desired final cross-section, which stretching deformation has an extent of at least 2 times, based on the crosssection of said semi-finished product.
  • the structure of the slab may be improved by a mechanical vibration of the ingot mold and/or the ingot during the remelting operation.
  • the structure of the ingot may also be improved by a magnetic agitation of the melt during its solidification. Further improvements are possible by metallurgical measures comprising an inoculation of the molten steel during the remelting operation.
  • a process of making steel rod from ledeburitic tool steel which comprises providing a fusible ele ct rode, wh ighlgonsists o'r ledeburitic tooT eel and i; su ifable forTse in a remelting process,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
US00188014A 1970-10-15 1971-10-12 Process of manufacturing forged or rolled rod steel from ledeburitic tool steel Expired - Lifetime US3737981A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT929770A AT304999B (de) 1970-10-15 1970-10-15 Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschmiedetem oder gewalztem Stabstahl aus ledeburitischen Werkzeugstählen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3737981A true US3737981A (en) 1973-06-12

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ID=3612930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00188014A Expired - Lifetime US3737981A (en) 1970-10-15 1971-10-12 Process of manufacturing forged or rolled rod steel from ledeburitic tool steel

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3737981A (OSRAM)
AT (1) AT304999B (OSRAM)
AU (1) AU464603B2 (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE773782A (OSRAM)
BR (1) BR7106889D0 (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA943712A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH550252A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2147792C3 (OSRAM)
ES (1) ES395972A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2111208A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1335620A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT939560B (OSRAM)
PL (1) PL93748B1 (OSRAM)
SE (1) SE364730B (OSRAM)
ZA (1) ZA716560B (OSRAM)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4407056A (en) * 1978-04-07 1983-10-04 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal sections
EP0078694A3 (en) * 1981-11-02 1984-05-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of producing elongate large-size forged article
EP0145702A3 (en) * 1983-11-09 1987-05-20 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) Turning, milling or cutting tool
US4775426A (en) * 1986-04-03 1988-10-04 Richards Medical Company Method of manufacturing surgical implants from cast stainless steel and product
US20080229893A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools
EP1985390A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-29 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools
US20090229417A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2009-09-17 Dayton Progress Corporation Methods of thermo-mechanically processing tool steel and tools made from thermo-mechanically processed tool steels

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111347220B (zh) * 2018-12-24 2021-09-03 溧阳市金昆锻压有限公司 一种莱氏体钢高耐磨性压辊壳制造方法
CN116794263B (zh) * 2021-10-28 2025-08-15 苏州热工研究院有限公司 用于检验传热管用钢锭头尾切除充分性的方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462122A (en) * 1944-05-02 1949-02-22 Stearns Roger Mfg Company Method of casting, forging, and heat-treating cast iron grinding balls
US2871557A (en) * 1953-07-24 1959-02-03 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Process of making drop-forgings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462122A (en) * 1944-05-02 1949-02-22 Stearns Roger Mfg Company Method of casting, forging, and heat-treating cast iron grinding balls
US2871557A (en) * 1953-07-24 1959-02-03 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Process of making drop-forgings

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4407056A (en) * 1978-04-07 1983-10-04 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal sections
EP0078694A3 (en) * 1981-11-02 1984-05-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of producing elongate large-size forged article
EP0145702A3 (en) * 1983-11-09 1987-05-20 Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) Turning, milling or cutting tool
US4775426A (en) * 1986-04-03 1988-10-04 Richards Medical Company Method of manufacturing surgical implants from cast stainless steel and product
US20080229893A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools
EP1985390A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-10-29 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools
US20090229417A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2009-09-17 Dayton Progress Corporation Methods of thermo-mechanically processing tool steel and tools made from thermo-mechanically processed tool steels
EP2359951A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2011-08-24 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools
US8968495B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2015-03-03 Dayton Progress Corporation Methods of thermo-mechanically processing tool steel and tools made from thermo-mechanically processed tool steels
US9132567B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2015-09-15 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL93748B1 (OSRAM) 1977-06-30
CA943712A (en) 1974-03-19
DE2147792C3 (de) 1978-04-27
DE2147792A1 (de) 1972-06-15
CH550252A (de) 1974-06-14
SE364730B (OSRAM) 1974-03-04
ZA716560B (en) 1972-06-28
AU464603B2 (en) 1975-09-04
BE773782A (fr) 1972-01-31
DE2147792B2 (de) 1972-11-16
GB1335620A (en) 1973-10-31
AT304999B (de) 1973-02-12
BR7106889D0 (pt) 1973-04-05
ES395972A1 (es) 1974-10-16
AU3404471A (en) 1973-04-05
IT939560B (it) 1973-02-10
FR2111208A5 (OSRAM) 1972-06-02

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