US3737625A - Infrared radiation source - Google Patents

Infrared radiation source Download PDF

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Publication number
US3737625A
US3737625A US00159686A US3737625DA US3737625A US 3737625 A US3737625 A US 3737625A US 00159686 A US00159686 A US 00159686A US 3737625D A US3737625D A US 3737625DA US 3737625 A US3737625 A US 3737625A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wire
coil
core
infrared radiation
radiation source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00159686A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Management USA Inc
Original Assignee
Block Engineering Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Block Engineering Inc filed Critical Block Engineering Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3737625A publication Critical patent/US3737625A/en
Assigned to BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/04/79 DELAWARE Assignors: BLOCK ENGINEERING, INC.
Assigned to CONTRAVES GOERZ CORPORATION, A PA CORP reassignment CONTRAVES GOERZ CORPORATION, A PA CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., A DE CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/009—Heating devices using lamps heating devices not specially adapted for a particular application
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An infrared radiation source comprising a nickelchromium alloy wire having an oxidized surface and being helically coiled around a stainless steel threaded core which functions as a heat ballast.
  • the source is manufactured by wrapping the wire around the core in a threaded groove to form a helical coil with separated turns; unscrewing the core from the coil; forming an oxide coating on the wire by holding the coil in an ox-, idizing environment and heating the coil by passing electric current through the wire; and, while forming an oxide coating on the wire, screwing the core onto the coil until all the turns thereof are engaged around the core,
  • the present invention is concerned with an electrically energized infrared radiation source and method of manufacturing the infrared source.
  • Sources of infrared radiation find substantial utility in a number of scientific fields. Many applications such as spectroscopy, require a source of substantially constant emission free from fluctuations and subject to control within narrow limits.
  • Conventional infrared radiation sources used for such purposes generally comprise a high resistance electrical conductor formed of metal, ceramic or acombination thereof, through which an electric current is passed to heat the source to infrared emission.
  • Coiled wire sources exhibit good emission in the near infrared, but suffer from thermal instability resulting in fluctuations in the intensity of the radiation.
  • ceramic sources are generally more stable but exhibit relatively low emission in the near infrared.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide a novel and improved infrared source formed of wire and characterized by high emission in the near infrared and greatly improved thermal stability; and to provide a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing the aforementioned source.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and therelation and order of one or more of such uct possessing the features, properties and the relation 4 of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the'scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the infrared source of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially through the center or axis of the source.
  • Coil 12 preferably comprises a wire having a circular cross section and formed of a nickel-chromium alloy of the type conventionally employed for electrical resistance heating and exhibiting high electrical and oxidation resistance.
  • Core 10 may take the form of a conventional cylindrical screw formed with V-shaped threads and a slot or socket 14 adapted to be employed to rotate the screw.
  • Core 10 is preferably formed of ametal having a high specific heat and resistance to corrosion, stainless (chromium alloy) steel being particularly suited for this purpose.
  • an infrared source embodying the invention was formed by winding seven turns of a nichrome wire available from The Kanthal Corporation, Bethel, Connecticut under the trademark KANTHAL A, size 0253, around a conventional No. 6-32 X 5/16 inch long stainless steel set screw.
  • the wire is formed into a coil by winding the desired number of turns around a mandrel conveniently formed by core 10, with the wire engaged in the screw thread and having adjacent turns separated from one another.
  • the core is then removed, by rotation, from the coil, and the latter is then heated in an oxidizing environment, that is, an atmosphere containing an oxidizing gas such as oxygen, to oxidize the wire and form a very thin electrically insulating, oxidized coating thereon.
  • Uniform heating is accomplished simply and conveniently by passing an electric current through the wire.
  • the screw is then inserted part way, e.g. one turn, into the coil and both the wire and coil are heated in an oxidizing environment.
  • the set screw is rotated to gradually introduce it into the coil until all the turns thereof are engaged around the screw.
  • the second heating operation is also effected by passing current through the wire with the initial oxide coating providing the initial requisite electrical insulation between the coil and the core.
  • the coil was first heated in air without the core for a period 10 minutes at a temperature of 1000 C.
  • the 6-32 stainless screw was then inserted one turn and both the coil and screw were maintained at a temperature of 1000 C for another five minutes.
  • the screw was then rotated to gradually insert in completely into the coil while oxidation was continued at the same temperature. Insertion of the screw is gradual in order to permit an oxide layer to form on the wire between it and the screw to prevent short circuiting of the turns of the coil and to assure substantially constant electrical resistance (and temperature) throughout the length of the coil.
  • the engagement of a circular cross section wire in a V-shaped groove provides for contact between the wire and ballast along two lines thus providing for greater thermal coupling. This arrangement also permits oxygen to contact all portions of the wire surface during the concurrent assembly and oxidation operations.
  • the oxidized coating on coil 12 not only provides a dielectric insulating layer between the wire and core 10 but, importantly functions as a thermal conductor providing excellent thermal coupling between the heated wire infrared radiator and the thermal ballast provided by the core while not interfering with infrared emission. It is by virtue of this construction and arrangement that temperature fluctuations due, for example, to changes in the heating current, are avoided and the infrared output of the source remains constant. Heating of the coil is more uniform and the coil is well supported throughout its extent so as to be protected against damage and breakage.
  • An infrared radiation source for emitting radiation at a substantially constant intensity comprising, in combination:
  • a cylindrical core member of a metallic material having relatively high corrosion resistance said core member being formed with a helical groove disposed in its periphery;

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US00159686A 1971-07-06 1971-07-06 Infrared radiation source Expired - Lifetime US3737625A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15968671A 1971-07-06 1971-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3737625A true US3737625A (en) 1973-06-05

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ID=22573568

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00159686A Expired - Lifetime US3737625A (en) 1971-07-06 1971-07-06 Infrared radiation source

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3737625A (de)
DE (1) DE2232989A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1346745A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4358663A (en) * 1979-01-12 1982-11-09 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Heater plug for diesel engines
US4538985A (en) * 1982-09-08 1985-09-03 Webasto-Werk W. Baier Gmbh & Co. Vaporization burner
US20040086227A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Arbitrary filter shape tuning methods of long-period fiber gratings based on divided coil heater
US20050053884A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-10 Channel Products, Inc. Hot wire igniter
US20060105493A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Encapsulation of organic devices
US7593685B1 (en) * 2006-06-06 2009-09-22 Zip-Scan, Inc. Optical mark recognition tabulation device
WO2022013137A1 (de) * 2020-07-13 2022-01-20 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Mittelwelliger infrarotstrahler und verfahren für dessen herstellung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0624093B2 (ja) * 1984-12-26 1994-03-30 株式会社日立製作所 傍熱型陰極用ヒ−タ

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1281744A (en) * 1918-03-29 1918-10-15 Gen Electric Electric heating unit and method of making the same.
US2039525A (en) * 1934-05-14 1936-05-05 Packard Motor Car Co Internal combustion engine
US2228101A (en) * 1937-02-13 1941-01-07 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resistor
US2360264A (en) * 1942-11-02 1944-10-10 Mcgraw Electric Co Encased resistor unit
US2457598A (en) * 1946-12-19 1948-12-28 Mcgraw Electric Co Electric air heater
US2875312A (en) * 1956-09-27 1959-02-24 Thermel Inc Heating assembly and method of production thereof
US2957154A (en) * 1958-06-16 1960-10-18 Glo Quartz Electric Heater Co Resistance heating unit
US2959663A (en) * 1952-11-12 1960-11-08 Casco Products Corp Heating element for cigar lighters
US3121154A (en) * 1959-10-30 1964-02-11 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Electric heaters
US3413587A (en) * 1966-02-21 1968-11-26 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Electrical resistor

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1281744A (en) * 1918-03-29 1918-10-15 Gen Electric Electric heating unit and method of making the same.
US2039525A (en) * 1934-05-14 1936-05-05 Packard Motor Car Co Internal combustion engine
US2228101A (en) * 1937-02-13 1941-01-07 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resistor
US2360264A (en) * 1942-11-02 1944-10-10 Mcgraw Electric Co Encased resistor unit
US2457598A (en) * 1946-12-19 1948-12-28 Mcgraw Electric Co Electric air heater
US2959663A (en) * 1952-11-12 1960-11-08 Casco Products Corp Heating element for cigar lighters
US2875312A (en) * 1956-09-27 1959-02-24 Thermel Inc Heating assembly and method of production thereof
US2957154A (en) * 1958-06-16 1960-10-18 Glo Quartz Electric Heater Co Resistance heating unit
US3121154A (en) * 1959-10-30 1964-02-11 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Electric heaters
US3413587A (en) * 1966-02-21 1968-11-26 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Electrical resistor

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4358663A (en) * 1979-01-12 1982-11-09 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Heater plug for diesel engines
US4359977A (en) * 1979-01-12 1982-11-23 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Heater plug for diesel engines
US4538985A (en) * 1982-09-08 1985-09-03 Webasto-Werk W. Baier Gmbh & Co. Vaporization burner
US20040086227A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Arbitrary filter shape tuning methods of long-period fiber gratings based on divided coil heater
US20050053884A1 (en) * 2003-09-05 2005-03-10 Channel Products, Inc. Hot wire igniter
US20060105493A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Encapsulation of organic devices
US20090066240A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2009-03-12 Arvid Hunze Encapsulation of organic devices
US8154200B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2012-04-10 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Encapsulation of organic devices
US8552644B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2013-10-08 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Encapsulation of organic devices
US7593685B1 (en) * 2006-06-06 2009-09-22 Zip-Scan, Inc. Optical mark recognition tabulation device
WO2022013137A1 (de) * 2020-07-13 2022-01-20 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Mittelwelliger infrarotstrahler und verfahren für dessen herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1346745A (en) 1974-02-13
DE2232989A1 (de) 1973-01-18

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE.

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:BLOCK ENGINEERING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:003974/0501

Effective date: 19820406

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONTRAVES GOERZ CORPORATION, A PA CORP

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004736/0830

Effective date: 19870309