US2170683A - Electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents
Electric incandescent lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2170683A US2170683A US69591A US6959136A US2170683A US 2170683 A US2170683 A US 2170683A US 69591 A US69591 A US 69591A US 6959136 A US6959136 A US 6959136A US 2170683 A US2170683 A US 2170683A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- lamp
- envelope
- incandescent lamp
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001275 Niobium-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);uranium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[U+4] OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[U]=O FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
- H01K1/04—Incandescent bodies characterised by the material thereof
- H01K1/12—Bodies which are non-conductive when cold, e.g. for Nernst lamp
Definitions
- Our invention relates to electric incandescent is possible to proceed independently of the origilamps and more particularly to incandescible nal grain size of the materials and a large numbodies or filaments for such lamps.
- her of filaments may be manufactured having the In the conventional incandescent lamps having same eTectrica-l properties.
- magnesi tungstenfilaments the current densities are much um oxide, other insulating oxides may be used,
- the incandescent bodies according to the present thereby causing a much higher watt consumption invention are conductive at low voltages and have, and considerable overheating which, in turn, unlike the Nernst lamp, a purely electronic conshortens the ,life of the lamp. ductivity. Y These bodies must be operated in an An object of our invention is to provide an evacuated spac ,f Otherwise y wou d oxidize incandescibie body or filament having a higher into non-conducting Poorly conducting Oxides. thermal capacity, that is, a longer heating period such as H02, (205, NbzOs, VaOa.
- the drawing is a per pective view 01' an inperatures up to 2000 C. and more, when a small 35 candescent a p Comprising our invention partial pressure of oxygen is provided.
- the lamp comprises t partial pressure of oxygen must be slight 319155 u or envelope In having P311 or that the incandescible body will not oxidize to a f F therethmugh d higher state of the oxide. It is particularly adportlng-an mcandescible body or filament i2 comvantageous to the envelopes or bulbs of the prising me metal!
- a number of sub- 05% of oxygen other inert gases may of course 2:22:55 iggfi ggf g g g gfig g?i g gzf' be used in place of nitrogen.
- Hydrogen may also er vanadium oxides, niobium oxides and titanium be as gas fiumg when the ii i I oxides.
- Some of the said lower'oxides, especially homes are made of uranium dioxide and h the lower oxides of vanadium and niobium case the slightly oxidizing atmosphere is crewell as those of titanium, have such a low specific ated by adding water vapor hydlfogenresistivity that incandescible bodies made there-
- the lamps my also be made wlthout an inert w from may have the thickness of a metal thread. gas and having. only P content- These oxides are preferably mixed with insulaincandescibl?
- homes y b de in the tors which permit a complete or partial solution conventional m nn r by pr br x r l n of the conducting ingredient in the non-conductwith or without binders, and by baking at high ing vehicle, such as a low titanium oxide in magtemperatures. They may also be provided with nesium oxide. Because of the mutual solution, it coatings of selectively radiating or poorly radiattures of the order of 2000 C. but insuflicient to cause conversion of said rare'metallic oxide to a higher form of non-conductive oxide.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, an incandescible body in said envelope comprising a rare oxidizable metallic oxide which is conductive at ordinary temperatures, and an atmosphere comprising an inert gas and a small amount of oxygen in said envelope, the amount of oxygen being sufiicient to cause said incandescible body to retain its electronic conductivity at temperatures of the order of 2000 C. but insufficient to cause conversion of said rare metallic oxide to a higher form of non-conductive oxide.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, an incandescible body in said envelope comprising almixture of a rare oxidizable metallic oxide which is conductive at ordinary temperatures and a non-conductive refractory metallic oxide, and an atmosphere comprising a'small amount of oxygen in said envelope, the amount of oxygen being sufiicient to cause said incandescible body to retain its electronic conductivity at temperatures of the order of 2000" C. but insufii'cient to cause conversion of said rare metallic oxide to a higher form of non-conductive oxide.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, an incandescible body in said envelope comprising a mixture of a rare oxidizable metallic oxide which is conductive at ordinary temperatures and a non-conductive refractory metallic oxide, and an atmosphere. comprising an inert gas and a small amount of oxygen in said envelope, the amount of oxygen being sufficient to cause said incandescible body to retain its electronic conductivity at temperatures of the order of 2000 C. but insuflicient to cause conversion of said rare metallic oxide to a higher form or non-conductive oxide.
- An electric lamp comprising a sealed enve- -lope and a filament in said envelope consisting ment to retain its electronicconductivityattem-v peratures of the order of 2000f"C.'butlnsi1flicient to cause conversion of said first-me'ntion oxide to a higher form of non -conductiv'e oxi'de 1 f ERNST F IEDERiC F E
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
Aug. 22, 1939. E. FRIEDERICH a-rAL H 2,170,683
ELECTRIG INCANDESCENT LAMP.
Filed March 18, 1936 CONN/M5 RARE NEMLL/C OXIDE.
GONTAM/S OXYGEN.
Inventors: Ernst, Frieder-ich, v WiIFried Meyer",
Their" Attorneg.
: Patented Aug. 22, 1939 a I UNITED STATES" PATENT OFFICE ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT Ernst Friederich, Beriin-Charlottenburg, and Wilfried Meyer, Birkenwerder, near Berlin, Germany, assign'ors to General Electric Company, a corporation of NCITYOI'K Application March 18, 1936, Serial No. 69,591
In Germany April 30, .1935.
Claims. (01. 176-19) Our invention relates to electric incandescent is possible to proceed independently of the origilamps and more particularly to incandescible nal grain size of the materials and a large numbodies or filaments for such lamps. her of filaments may be manufactured having the In the conventional incandescent lamps having same eTectrica-l properties. Instead of magnesi tungstenfilaments, the current densities are much um oxide, other insulating oxides may be used,
5 higher upon switching in of thelamps than they such as aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, manare duringthesubs'equent normal burning of the ganese oxide, etc. As a result of the mixing or lamps. This is not harmful to the incandescent solution, the specific resistivity of the filament lamp itself since the filament is not heated to is-so increased that filaments may be produced a temperature in excess of that attained during -having a comparatively large diameter, that is, m
the normal burning of the lamp. However, this a comparatively high thermal capacity for a characteristic may be harmful, for instance, in given length. cases where the lamps are operated in series with Incandescibie bodies made of oxides and oxide other current consuming devices, the starting mixtures and of considerable thickness have been time of which exceeds that of the filament of the proposed heretofore for usein the so-called Nemst lamp. In such cases the voltage drops a few lamp. These bodies, however, have the disadseconds, or even-minutes, after the switching in vantage that they must'be preheated by a special of the lamp is frequently greater than the drop appliance in order to render them conductive. existing during the normal operation of the lamp, The incandescent bodies according to the present thereby causing a much higher watt consumption invention are conductive at low voltages and have, and considerable overheating which, in turn, unlike the Nernst lamp, a purely electronic conshortens the ,life of the lamp. ductivity. Y These bodies must be operated in an An object of our invention is to provide an evacuated spac ,f Otherwise y wou d oxidize incandescibie body or filament having a higher into non-conducting Poorly conducting Oxides. thermal capacity, that is, a longer heating period such as H02, (205, NbzOs, VaOa. than that of the ordinary tungsten filament and It has been found that at very high temperaof the other filaments which have since become tures, above, say 1200 C., the loosening of the known. Another object is the provision of a lattice system of oxidic bodies becomes so prolamp' which may be used in series with other nounced that even those bodies which at room power consuming devices, such as lamps for the temperature have a perfect electronic conducillumination of dials, of instruments, lamps ,--for tivity are partly electrolytically decomposed at microscopes, etc., where tungsten filament lamps the said higher temperatures. It has been obmay not be used unless special protective measserved that these oxidic solutions retain their ures are taken. electronic conductivity completely, even at tem- The drawing is a per pective view 01' an inperatures up to 2000 C. and more, when a small 35 candescent a p Comprising our invention partial pressure of oxygen is provided. Of course Referring to the drawing, the lamp comprises t partial pressure of oxygen must be slight 319155 u or envelope In having P311 or that the incandescible body will not oxidize to a f F therethmugh d higher state of the oxide. It is particularly adportlng-an mcandescible body or filament i2 comvantageous to the envelopes or bulbs of the prising me metal! lamps with nitrogen to which is added 0.001% to According to our invention, a number of sub- 05% of oxygen other inert gases may of course 2:22:55 iggfi ggf g g g gfig g?i g gzf' be used in place of nitrogen. Hydrogen may also er vanadium oxides, niobium oxides and titanium be as gas fiumg when the ii i I oxides. Some of the said lower'oxides, especially homes are made of uranium dioxide and h the lower oxides of vanadium and niobium case the slightly oxidizing atmosphere is crewell as those of titanium, have such a low specific ated by adding water vapor hydlfogenresistivity that incandescible bodies made there- The lamps my also be made wlthout an inert w from may have the thickness of a metal thread. gas and having. only P content- These oxides are preferably mixed with insulaincandescibl? homes y b de in the tors which permit a complete or partial solution conventional m nn r by pr br x r l n of the conducting ingredient in the non-conductwith or without binders, and by baking at high ing vehicle, such as a low titanium oxide in magtemperatures. They may also be provided with nesium oxide. Because of the mutual solution, it coatings of selectively radiating or poorly radiattures of the order of 2000 C. but insuflicient to cause conversion of said rare'metallic oxide to a higher form of non-conductive oxide.
2. An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, an incandescible body in said envelope comprising a rare oxidizable metallic oxide which is conductive at ordinary temperatures, and an atmosphere comprising an inert gas and a small amount of oxygen in said envelope, the amount of oxygen being sufiicient to cause said incandescible body to retain its electronic conductivity at temperatures of the order of 2000 C. but insufficient to cause conversion of said rare metallic oxide to a higher form of non-conductive oxide.
3. An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, an incandescible body in said envelope comprising almixture of a rare oxidizable metallic oxide which is conductive at ordinary temperatures and a non-conductive refractory metallic oxide, and an atmosphere comprising a'small amount of oxygen in said envelope, the amount of oxygen being sufiicient to cause said incandescible body to retain its electronic conductivity at temperatures of the order of 2000" C. but insufii'cient to cause conversion of said rare metallic oxide to a higher form of non-conductive oxide.
4. An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, an incandescible body in said envelope comprising a mixture of a rare oxidizable metallic oxide which is conductive at ordinary temperatures and a non-conductive refractory metallic oxide, and an atmosphere. comprising an inert gas and a small amount of oxygen in said envelope, the amount of oxygen being sufficient to cause said incandescible body to retain its electronic conductivity at temperatures of the order of 2000 C. but insuflicient to cause conversion of said rare metallic oxide to a higher form or non-conductive oxide.
5. An electric lamp comprising a sealed enve- -lope and a filament in said envelope consisting ment to retain its electronicconductivityattem-v peratures of the order of 2000f"C.'butlnsi1flicient to cause conversion of said first-me'ntion oxide to a higher form of non -conductiv'e oxi'de 1 f ERNST F IEDERiC F E
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2170683X | 1935-04-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2170683A true US2170683A (en) | 1939-08-22 |
Family
ID=7988402
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US69591A Expired - Lifetime US2170683A (en) | 1935-04-30 | 1936-03-18 | Electric incandescent lamp |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2170683A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3068107A (en) * | 1961-04-17 | 1962-12-11 | Vitramon Inc | Dielectric ceramic composition |
US3242372A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1966-03-22 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent lamp containing iodine, oxygen and inert gas |
US3429832A (en) * | 1966-05-31 | 1969-02-25 | Gen Electric | Glower lamp and process |
US3486063A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1969-12-23 | Samuel Ruben | Incandescent lamp |
US4196368A (en) * | 1977-09-07 | 1980-04-01 | Eikonix Corporation | Improving incandescent bulb efficiency |
-
1936
- 1936-03-18 US US69591A patent/US2170683A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3068107A (en) * | 1961-04-17 | 1962-12-11 | Vitramon Inc | Dielectric ceramic composition |
US3242372A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1966-03-22 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Incandescent lamp containing iodine, oxygen and inert gas |
US3429832A (en) * | 1966-05-31 | 1969-02-25 | Gen Electric | Glower lamp and process |
US3486063A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1969-12-23 | Samuel Ruben | Incandescent lamp |
US4196368A (en) * | 1977-09-07 | 1980-04-01 | Eikonix Corporation | Improving incandescent bulb efficiency |
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