US3736907A - Steam generator having at least one combustion chamber for burning solid, liquid and/or gaseous fuels - Google Patents

Steam generator having at least one combustion chamber for burning solid, liquid and/or gaseous fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3736907A
US3736907A US00134745A US3736907DA US3736907A US 3736907 A US3736907 A US 3736907A US 00134745 A US00134745 A US 00134745A US 3736907D A US3736907D A US 3736907DA US 3736907 A US3736907 A US 3736907A
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combustion chamber
tornado
flow
chamber
radiation
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US00134745A
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English (en)
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J Agrest
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F22B21/04—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
    • F22B21/08—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends
    • F22B21/085—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends the tubes being placed in layers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Steam generator includes a watertube boiler having an upper and lower drum, a plurality of steam tubes extending between the drums and surrounding and defining a forward and rearward radiation chamber, and means for alternately and simultaneously burning solid, liquid and gaseous fuels for heating the boiler comprising a cylindrical tornado-flow combustion chamber disposed in a lower region of the boiler at an axial end thereof, the tornado-flow combustion chamber being lined with part of the steam tubes defining the radiation chambers and having tangential nozzles for feeding combustion air and fluid fuel thereto, the tornado-flow combustion chamber also having a burner and a conically outwardly flaring combustion gas outlet extending into the forward radiation chamber located at an axial end thereof, solid particulate fuel-burning additional combustion chamber lined with water tubes and located outside the boiler and adjacent the tornado-flow combustion chamber, the additional combustion chamber having
  • the distribution of isotherms along the path of the gas shows very high peaks in the vicinity of the zones of the openings through which fuel and air are axially fed to the combustion chamber and a decline thereof in proportion as the released heat is absorbed by the surrounding radiant heating surfaces.
  • the ash resulting from the combustion is therefore exposed to temperatures that are higher than necessary for softening, melting and draining off the ash.
  • vaporization of volatile or fugitive components thereof takes place, so that slags which are difficult to remove, then deposit in after-connected colder heating surfaces located farther downstream in the path of the combustion gas through the steam generator.
  • the shape ofthe combustion gas path is unsatisfactory for separating the entrained ash and soot and therefore compels a further reduction in the velocity of the gas so as to moderate entrainment and erosive effect.
  • a water-tube boiler comprising an upper and a lower drum, a plurality of steam tubes extending between the upper and lower drums and surrounding and defining a forward and rearward radiation chamber, and means for alternately and simultaneously burning solid, liquid an gaseous fuels for heating the boiler comprising a cylindrical tornado-flow combustion chamber disposed in a lower region of the water-tube boiler at an axial end thereof, the tornado-flow combustion chamber being lined with part of the steam tubes defining the radiation chambers and having tangentially disposed nozzles for feeding combustion air and fluid fuel thereto, the tornado-flow combustion chamber also having a burner and a conically outwardly flaring combustion gas outlet located at an axial end of the tornado-flow combustion chamber and axially extending into the forward radiation chamber and an additional combustion chamber for burning solid particulate fuel, the additional combustion chamber being lined with water tubes and being located outside the water-tube boiler and adjacent the tornado-flow combustion chamber, the additional
  • the tornado-flow combustion chamber employed in the steam generator of my invention utilizes the special properties of a circulatory fluid flow having the character of a rotational flow as it occurs in tornadoes, hence the use of the designation tornado flow" for the phenomena involved therein.
  • tornado-flow combustion chamber reference may be had particularly to U.S. Pat. No. 3,372,678 of K. R. Schmidt, issued Mar. 12, 1968.
  • Other details regarding the theory, operation and applications of the tornadoflow principle may be obtained from US. Pat. Nos. 3,199,268 to No. 3,199,272 and No. 3,226,165, for example.
  • the burner of the tornado-flow combustion chamber has a tangentially disposed inlet for feeding combustion air and fine grain fuel therethrough. Moreover, additional tangentially disposed inlets for fine-grain fuel are formed in the tornado-flow combustion chamber proper.
  • air nozzles communicating with the gas outlet are disposed in an array in the tornado-flow combustion chamber coaxial to the gas outlet.
  • another burner for gaseous or liquid fuel is disposed in the forward radiation chamber.
  • an inner layer of the steam tubes surrounding and defining the radiation chambers is densely packed and, in the space between the inner layer of the steam tubes and an outer wall of the water-tube boiler, less densely packed steam tubes are disposed so as to be heated by convection. Furthermore, in the space between the inner layer of the steam tubes and the outer wall of the boiler, a combustion gas inlet is disposed in a region adjacent a rearward wall of the boiler.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of the steam generator of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 taken along the line II II in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 taken along the III III in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken horizontally through the steam generator of FIG. 1, along the line IV IV in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken horizontally through the steam generator of FIG. 1 along the line V V in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged cross-sectional view of a tornado-flow burner forming part of the steam generator of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary enlarged cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber connected to the steam generator of FIG. 1 at a location thereof in the vicinity of the ash outlet therefor.
  • the steam generator of the invention includes a water-tube boiler formed of an upper drum 1, a lower drum 2 and a number of water tubes 3', 3", connecting both drums 1 and 2 to one another.
  • the water tubes 3' are disposed in such manner as to define a forward radiation chamber 37
  • the water tubes 3" are disposed so as to define a rearward radiation chamber 36
  • Tubes 35 are located in the convection zone between the interior densely packed rows of tubes 3' and 3", on the one hand, and the outer wall 4 of the water-tube boiler.
  • a cylindrical tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 is located, in accordance with the invention, above the lower drum 2.
  • the water tubes 3" of the radiation chamber 36 extend into the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 and form therein the lining of the combustion chamber.
  • the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 has, at the rear end thereof, an axial inlet opening 1 l for fine-grain fuel that is entrained by an air current directed therethrough. Such fuel can also be admitted directly into the combustion chamber 10 through tangential openings 13.
  • combustion gases in the forward radiation chamber 37 discharge through this downwardly tapering frustrum of a cone 12.
  • Combustion air is admitted through nozzles 32 from air chambers 31 to the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10.
  • combustion air is also delivered to the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 through axially extending nozzles 15 and tangentially disposed nozzles 15', which extend from an annular channel 14 surrounding the frustoconical outlet 12, the annular channel 14 being, in turn, in communication with the air supply chambers 31.
  • an additional combustion chamber 20 Adjacent the burner opening of the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10, there is located outside the water-tube boiler 4 proper, an additional combustion chamber 20, which is provided in the interior thereof with a wall of water tubes 21.
  • the water tubes 21 are connected to a lower collector or header 22 and an upper collector or header 23 which are, in turn, connected respectively to the upper and lower drums 1 and 2.
  • the additional combustion chamber 20 has a generally prismatic cross section and is supplied through an inlet opening with relatively large chunks or particles of solid fuel, whereby, due to a valve-like construction 24' of the inlet opening 24, escape of gas is avoided.
  • the combustion chamber 20, in the upper part thereof, is connected by a combustion gas line 25 with the rearward radiation chamber 36 so that the hot combustion gas can be used additionally for heating the water-tube boiler 4.
  • the connection between the combustion chamber 20 and the tornado-flow combustion chamber proper is formed by an inlet 11, in which there is disposed additionally a feeding device for fine-grain fuel, shown in greater detail in FIG. 6.
  • the fuel and combustion air are accordingly fed through a tangentially disposed supply duct 16 to the inlet opening 11 so that a tornado-flow is formed in the inlet opening 11.
  • a further burner 26 is located in the inlet opening 11 to the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10, and a burner 17 is provided in the forward radiation chamber 37.
  • a further burner 26 is located in the inlet opening 11 to the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10, and a burner 17 is provided in the forward radiation chamber 37.
  • a further burner 26 is located in the inlet opening 11 to the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10, and a burner 17 is provided in the forward radiation chamber 37.
  • tightly closing doors l8 and an ash discharge system 19 are provided, which are supplemented by a pouring guide 19'.
  • the rearward end wall 4" of the water-tube boiler 4 is furnished with a door 27 which can also be supplemented with an ash discharge device if desired.
  • the air tube 33 for the additional combustion chamber 20 is, for example, enclosed by a water tube 30, as shown in FIG. 7, which also encloses the pouring guide 33.
  • the water-tube boiler 4 is initially ignited with the frontally disposed conventional burner 17 or by means of the burner 26 of known type by injecting a spray of fluid fuel.
  • the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 can be set in operation by feeding atomized, pulverized or finely granulated fuel into the same through the tangentially disposed nozzles 13. Simultaneously, a mixture of air and fuel in fine-grain form can be blown through the line 16 into the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10. This air-fuel mixture, when entering through the feed opening 11, follows the path of the gases produced by the burner 26.
  • the additional combustion chamber 20 can be set in operation by feeding solid, chunky or particulate fuel through the opening 24 and effecting ignition in a conventional manner. Accordingly, the water-tube boiler 4 can be set and maintained in operation with all types of fuel employed alternatingly or simultaneously.
  • the combustion gases take the same path through the steam generator of the invention. After the combustion gases leave the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 through the outlet 12, they follow a path curving through 180 in upward direction as represented by the arrow 28 in FIG. 1, thereby initially heating the tubes 3' of the first radiation chamber 37 and thereafter the tubes 3" of the second radiation chamber 36.
  • the fumes or combustion gases divide into two branches, as shown by the arrow 29 in FIG. 5, in front of the rear end wall 4" of the water-tube boiler 4, both of the branches of flow, after turning through an arc of 180, then flowing in reverse direction through the convective tube groups 35.
  • the combustion gases leave the water-tube boiler 4 through outlets 34 and a non-illustrated flue or smoke-stack.
  • the drawing shows but one embodiment of the steam generator of the invention. Numerous variations in individual features or details according to the aforedescribed embodiment are possible, however, within the scope of the invention.
  • guide plates or baffles for the combustion gases can be disposed in the convection zone between the tube rows 35.
  • the additional combustion chamber 20 can be provided at a location other than the one in the illustrated embodiment, just as long as the sole condition is met that the combustion gas line 25 and the inlet opening 11 for the combustion gases of the tornado-flow combustion chamber 10 open into the water-tube boiler 4 proper.
  • the drums 1 and 2 can also be replaced by multiple drums, respectively.
  • the aforedescribed steam generator of the invention presents an exceptionally compact structural form with integrated combustion chambers which afford optimal combustion of the most varied fuels. Moreover, the combustion gas is guided in such manner that optimal utilization of the heat and transfer of the heat to the water tubes, is assured.
  • a water-tube boiler comprising an upper and a lower drum, a plurality of steam tubes extending between said upper and lower drums and surrounding and defining a forward and a rearward radiation chamber, and means for alternately and simultaneously burning solid, liquid and gaseous fuels for heating said boiler comprising a cylindrical tornadoflow combustion chamber disposed in a lower region of said water-tube boiler at an axial end thereof, said tornado-flow combustion chamber being lined with part of the steam tubes defining said radiation chambers and having tangentially disposed nozzles for feeding combustion air and fluid fuel thereto, said tornado-flow combustion chamber also having a burner and a conically outwardly flaring combustion gas outlet located at an axial end of the tornado-flow combustion chamber and axially extending into said forward radiation chamber, and an additional combustion chamber for burning solid particulate fuel, said additional combustion chamber being lined with water-tubes and being located outside said water-tube boiler and adjacent said tornadoflow combustion chamber, said additional combustion chamber having a combustion gas line extending from the top thereof and communicating with
  • Steam generator according to claim 1 including a plurality of air nozzles communicating with said gas outlet of said tornado-flow combustion chamber, said thereof, said inner layer of steam tubes being spaced from an outer wall of said water-tube boiler and, in the space between said inner layer of steam tubes and said outer wall, a plurality of less densely packed steam tubes are disposed, as well as a combustion gas inlet lo cated in a region of said space adjacent a rearward wall of said water-tube boiler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US00134745A 1970-04-20 1971-04-16 Steam generator having at least one combustion chamber for burning solid, liquid and/or gaseous fuels Expired - Lifetime US3736907A (en)

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US (1) US3736907A (es)
DE (1) DE2118709A1 (es)
ES (1) ES390338A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2089827A5 (es)
GB (1) GB1345382A (es)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013045A (en) * 1976-04-28 1977-03-22 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Twin furnace industrial boiler
US4206723A (en) * 1976-07-08 1980-06-10 Interliz Anstalt Double-fired heating boiler
US5259343A (en) * 1992-10-15 1993-11-09 Rochester District Heating Cooperative Apparatus for providing uniform heat transfer in superheating steam generators
ES2174675A1 (es) * 1999-07-14 2002-11-01 Cantu Eduardo Hector Leon Perfeccionamientos en camaras de combustion para combustibles gaseosos,liquidos o solidos.
US20050092672A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-05 Clearwater Systems, Llc Waterboiler system with solids removal apparatus
US20100326373A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 9223-5183 Quebec Inc. Boiler with improved hot gas passages
US20120012036A1 (en) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 Shaw John R Once Through Steam Generator
RU172718U1 (ru) * 2016-10-21 2017-07-21 Акционерное общество "Бийский котельный завод" Котел паровой водотрубный
RU2634985C1 (ru) * 2016-08-05 2017-11-08 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Белэнергомаш - БЗЭМ" Паровой водотрубный котел с естественной циркуляцией

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2494608A (en) * 1945-08-01 1950-01-17 Jr Dale Bumstead Furnace
US3149614A (en) * 1962-08-02 1964-09-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam generator
US3536049A (en) * 1968-07-12 1970-10-27 Jacob Agrest Boiler

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2494608A (en) * 1945-08-01 1950-01-17 Jr Dale Bumstead Furnace
US3149614A (en) * 1962-08-02 1964-09-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam generator
US3536049A (en) * 1968-07-12 1970-10-27 Jacob Agrest Boiler

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013045A (en) * 1976-04-28 1977-03-22 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Twin furnace industrial boiler
US4206723A (en) * 1976-07-08 1980-06-10 Interliz Anstalt Double-fired heating boiler
US5259343A (en) * 1992-10-15 1993-11-09 Rochester District Heating Cooperative Apparatus for providing uniform heat transfer in superheating steam generators
ES2174675A1 (es) * 1999-07-14 2002-11-01 Cantu Eduardo Hector Leon Perfeccionamientos en camaras de combustion para combustibles gaseosos,liquidos o solidos.
WO2005046288A3 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-03-23 Clearwater Systems Corp Waterboiler system with solids removal apparatus
WO2005046288A2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-19 Clearwater Systems Corporation Waterboiler system with solids removal apparatus
US20050092672A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-05 Clearwater Systems, Llc Waterboiler system with solids removal apparatus
US7083718B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-08-01 Clearwater Systems Corp. Waterboiler system with solids removal apparatus
US20100326373A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2010-12-30 9223-5183 Quebec Inc. Boiler with improved hot gas passages
US9404650B2 (en) * 2009-06-30 2016-08-02 M. Alexandre Lapierre Boiler with improved hot gas passages
US20120012036A1 (en) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 Shaw John R Once Through Steam Generator
RU2634985C1 (ru) * 2016-08-05 2017-11-08 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Белэнергомаш - БЗЭМ" Паровой водотрубный котел с естественной циркуляцией
RU172718U1 (ru) * 2016-10-21 2017-07-21 Акционерное общество "Бийский котельный завод" Котел паровой водотрубный

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FR2089827A5 (es) 1972-01-07
DE2118709A1 (es) 1971-11-18
GB1345382A (en) 1974-01-30
ES390338A1 (es) 1973-06-01

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