US3735801A - Continuous casting mold - Google Patents

Continuous casting mold Download PDF

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US3735801A
US3735801A US00122345A US3735801DA US3735801A US 3735801 A US3735801 A US 3735801A US 00122345 A US00122345 A US 00122345A US 3735801D A US3735801D A US 3735801DA US 3735801 A US3735801 A US 3735801A
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walls
transverse
transverse walls
mold
plate mold
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US00122345A
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M Burkhardt
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SMS Concast AG
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Concast AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/05Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having adjustable walls

Definitions

  • the transverse walls are normally clamped between the longitudinal walls but can be released for removal and replacement by movement of at least one longitudinal wall.
  • the transverse walls are also clamped to the supporting frame by releasable means operable from the top of the mold so that they may be removed and replaced without removal of the entire mold.
  • a built-up plate mold which is composed of adjustable longitudinal and transverse walls equipped with cooling means.
  • the longitudinal and transverse walls are supported by a frame surrounding the mold and the transverse walls can be clamped between the longitudinal walls.
  • the width of the casting is adjustable without the mold having to be removed from the casting machine.
  • the mold must be removed from the machine since this type of work cannot be carried out while it remains in position. The time needed for removing a mold from a continuous casting machine and for re-assembling it necessarily results in prolonged stoppages of the machine.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a built-up plate mold which permits the transverse walls to be quickly replaced, even by walls of different dimensions, whilst the mold remains in place.
  • transverse walls which-may be easily and quickly inserted between the longitudinal walls and which may be secured to the supporting frame by means operable from the top of the mold.
  • the transversewalls of a plate mold approximately 700 mm highfor casting a slab of a cross-section of approximately 1,550 X 250 mm can be replaced in about minutes, whereas replacement of the transverse walls of conventional plate molds would require much more time. Moreover, in order to replace the transverse walls the entire mold would have to be removed from the machine and then remounted.
  • the wall may comprise a T-shaped guideway running roughly parallel to the casting axis, for cooperation with a sliding bar and a stop.
  • the clamping means may consist of spring operated studs cooperating with the sliding bar, and a screw threaded spindle with beveled shoulders.
  • the time needed for the replacement of the transverse walls is considerably reduceddue to the fact that said clamping means automatically couples the inlet and outlet pipes for the cooling water to the transverse wall.
  • Another feature of the invention permits assembled molds in casting position to be quickly and easily adjusted to castings of different width or thickness by the use of transverse walls of different width and/or thickness which are inserted between the longitudinal walls and are locked into position.
  • transverse walls are insertable at different angles of taper in respect to the casting direction.
  • the supply of cooling water to adjustable molds may be further simplified by conducting it to the transverse wall through a wall support yoke which rests movably on the supporting frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of part of a built-up mold, shown partly in section.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line II II in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of part of a modified form of built-up plate mold
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section taken on the line TV IV in FIG. 3.
  • a built-up plate mold is generally indicated by reference number 1.
  • the cavity 4 of the mold is enclosed by one fixed longitudinal wall 2, one movable longitudinal wall 2' and by transverse walls 3, only one of which is shown.
  • Each of the transverse walls 3 consists of a copper plate 7 facing the cavity 4 of the mold and a backing plate 8 secured thereto.
  • the walls 2, 2 and 3 are supported in a supporting frame 5 which surrounds the mold on all sides.
  • the thrust of power cylinder units 6 is used to clamp the transverse walls 3 tightly between the longitudinal walls 2 and 2'.
  • the power cylinder units 6 also withdraw the longitudinal wall 2' in the arrowed direction 10 when the transverse walls 3 require replacement because of wear or when the casting cross-section has to be changed.
  • the supporting means for each transverse wall 3 consists of a T-shapedguideway 12, extending vertically through the backing plate 8 roughly parallel to the axis of the casting, a sliding bar 13, and a limit stop 14.
  • clamping means consist of springs 15 which are held under compression by studs 11 attached to the sliding bar 13.
  • a screw spindle 16 with beveled shoulders 17 adapted to engage the studs 11 can be operated from the top of the mold.
  • the springs 15 normally hold the bar 13 in frictional engagement with the walls of the guideway 12.
  • the dimensions of the mold cavity 4 can be changed by the insertion of transverse walls 3 of different widths and/or thicknesses. Dot and dash lines indicate the reduction in the width of the mold cavity by insertion of a thickness transverse wall 18 which may, if desired, be tapered in respect to the casting direction as shown in FIG. 2. If desired, the said transverse walls may have different degrees of taper.
  • the inlet and outlet for cooling water for the wall 3 is shown at 20.
  • the clamping means 15 and 16 couple the pipe connections for the cooling water automatically to the wall 3 and are sealed by packing 19 when the transverse wall 3 is locked into position.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a modified built-up plate mold 30.
  • Plate shifting gear comprising two screw spindles 34, two worm gears 35 and an articulated shaft 36 connected to both worm gears serve for adjustably shifting each transverse wall 33. Thereby, it is possible to change the width of the mold cavity without replacement of the transverse walls.
  • Flexible water hoses 40 conduct the cooling water through a support yoke 41 resting on the frame 5 and a transverse wall support 42 to the transverse wall 33.
  • the support yoke 41 which is firmly secured to the transverse wall support 42 is movable on faces 43.
  • the arrangements for the insertion of the transverse wall may comprise hook-shaped elements, with keys or magnetic clamps being used to lock the transverse wall into position.
  • the yoke may also be attached directly to the transverse wall to conduct the cooling water directly from the yoke into the wall.
  • the yoke may be connected to the flexible water hoses by quickrelease connections.
  • both longitudinal walls might be movable. Besides setting one of the longitudinalwalls in a fixed location this can also be done in the case of one of the transverse walls and the other transverse wall can be adjustable so that the mold has two fixed sides, and the other two sides can be adjusted to the cross-sections which have to be cast.
  • a plate mold for continuous casting comprising a supporting frame, longitudinal and transverse cooled walls supported on said frame and defining the mold cavity, means for moving at least one of said longitudinal walls to clamp the transverse walls therebetween, means for mounting said transverse walls for sliding movement in vertical direction on said supporting frame during insertion between or withdrawal from between said longitudinal walls, means to clamp said transverse walls to said supporting frame, and means operable from the top of the mold to release said clamping means to permit insertion or withdrawal of said transverse walls.
  • said guide means comprises a T-shaped guideway in each transverse wall extending substantially parallel to the casting axis, a sliding bar in said guideway and a limit stop at the bottom of said guideway.
  • a plate mold according to claim 1 in which said transverse walls are suspended fromyokes which rest movably on said supporting frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

A built-up plate mold for continuous casting of slabs comprises a supporting frame and longitudinal and transverse mold walls. The transverse walls are normally clamped between the longitudinal walls but can be released for removal and replacement by movement of at least one longitudinal wall. The transverse walls are also clamped to the supporting frame by releasable means operable from the top of the mold so that they may be removed and replaced without removal of the entire mold.

Description

States Patent 1 urkhardt [54] coNTINUoUs CASTING MOLD [75] Inventor: Max Burkhardt, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland [30] Foreign Application Priority Data 8/1964 Hazelett ..l64/283 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 2,005,042
12/ l 969 France l64/28O [5 7] ABSTRACT A built-up plate mold for continuous casting of slabs comprises a supporting frame andlongitudinal and transverse mold walls. The transverse walls are normally clamped between the longitudinal walls but can be released for removal and replacement by movement of at least one longitudinal wall. The transverse walls are also clamped to the supporting frame by releasable means operable from the top of the mold so that they may be removed and replaced without removal of the entire mold.
7 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures Mar. 10, 1970 Switzerland ..348l/70 52 US. cu. ..164/273 51 Int. Cl. ..B22d 11/06 53 Field of Search ..l64/273, 280, 283, 164/342, 82, 89
[56] I References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,533,473 6/197] Strohschein et 51. ..l64/273 R 3,292,216 12/1966 Colombo ..l64/273 R UX 1 CONTINUOUS CASTING'MOLD This invention relates to a built-up plate mold for continuous casting of slabs, comprising a supporting frame which supports longitudinal and transverse mold walls that are equipped with cooling means and form the mold cavity. At least one of the longitudinal walls is movable with respect to said frame and the transverse walls are clamped between the longitudinal walls.
Experience has shown that most of the wear in builtup plate molds occurs at the edges of the transverse walls where these abut the longitudinal walls. It has been found that after only a few casting operations gaps become visible at these butt joints which render the mold unfit for further service. Such molds must be removed from the casting machine to permit fresh or remachined transverse walls to be fitted. The mold must also be removed whenever it is desired to replace the transverse walls by walls of different widths.
A built-up plate mold has already been proposed which is composed of adjustable longitudinal and transverse walls equipped with cooling means. The longitudinal and transverse walls are supported by a frame surrounding the mold and the transverse walls can be clamped between the longitudinal walls. In such molds the width of the casting is adjustable without the mold having to be removed from the casting machine. However, whenever the transverse walls require replacement because of damage or for changing the thickness of the casting, the mold must be removed from the machine since this type of work cannot be carried out while it remains in position. The time needed for removing a mold from a continuous casting machine and for re-assembling it necessarily results in prolonged stoppages of the machine.
The object of the present invention is to provide a built-up plate mold which permits the transverse walls to be quickly replaced, even by walls of different dimensions, whilst the mold remains in place.
According to the invention this is achieved by transverse walls which-may be easily and quickly inserted between the longitudinal walls and which may be secured to the supporting frame by means operable from the top of the mold.
According to the present invention, for example, the transversewalls of a plate mold approximately 700 mm highfor casting a slab of a cross-section of approximately 1,550 X 250 mm can be replaced in about minutes, whereas replacement of the transverse walls of conventional plate molds would require much more time. Moreover, in order to replace the transverse walls the entire mold would have to be removed from the machine and then remounted.
In order to insure that each transverse wall is accurately guided during insertion between the longitudinal walls, the wall may comprise a T-shaped guideway running roughly parallel to the casting axis, for cooperation with a sliding bar and a stop. The clamping means may consist of spring operated studs cooperating with the sliding bar, and a screw threaded spindle with beveled shoulders.
According to another feature of the invention the time needed for the replacement of the transverse walls is considerably reduceddue to the fact that said clamping means automatically couples the inlet and outlet pipes for the cooling water to the transverse wall.
Another feature of the invention permits assembled molds in casting position to be quickly and easily adjusted to castings of different width or thickness by the use of transverse walls of different width and/or thickness which are inserted between the longitudinal walls and are locked into position.
When casting different grades of steel and/or different casting widths it may be an advantage if the transverse walls are insertable at different angles of taper in respect to the casting direction.
.The supply of cooling water to adjustable molds may be further simplified by conducting it to the transverse wall through a wall support yoke which rests movably on the supporting frame.
Embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the drawings in which FIG. 1 is a plan view of part of a built-up mold, shown partly in section.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line II II in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of part of a modified form of built-up plate mold, and
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section taken on the line TV IV in FIG. 3.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 a built-up plate mold is generally indicated by reference number 1. The cavity 4 of the mold is enclosed by one fixed longitudinal wall 2, one movable longitudinal wall 2' and by transverse walls 3, only one of which is shown. Each of the transverse walls 3 consists of a copper plate 7 facing the cavity 4 of the mold and a backing plate 8 secured thereto. The walls 2, 2 and 3 are supported in a supporting frame 5 which surrounds the mold on all sides. The thrust of power cylinder units 6 is used to clamp the transverse walls 3 tightly between the longitudinal walls 2 and 2'. The power cylinder units 6 also withdraw the longitudinal wall 2' in the arrowed direction 10 when the transverse walls 3 require replacement because of wear or when the casting cross-section has to be changed.
When the transverse walls have thus been released by retraction of the longitudinal wall 2, they are still supported by the frame Sand locked into position by supporting and clamping means operable from the top of the mold. The supporting means for each transverse wall 3 consists of a T-shapedguideway 12, extending vertically through the backing plate 8 roughly parallel to the axis of the casting, a sliding bar 13, and a limit stop 14. For securing the transverse wall 3 to the supporting frame 5 clamping means are provided which consist of springs 15 which are held under compression by studs 11 attached to the sliding bar 13. A screw spindle 16 with beveled shoulders 17 adapted to engage the studs 11 can be operated from the top of the mold. The springs 15 normally hold the bar 13 in frictional engagement with the walls of the guideway 12. However, when it is desired to remove a transverse wall 3, rotation of the screw spindle 16 moves the spindle upwardly, causing the beveled shoulders to engage the heads of the studs 11 so that they are forced inwardly to release the sliding bar 13 in the T-shaped slot 12. Thereby the transverse wall 3 is released and can then be easily lifted out of the mold. The insertion of a fresh transverse wall takes place by performing the above described operations in reverse order.
The dimensions of the mold cavity 4 can be changed by the insertion of transverse walls 3 of different widths and/or thicknesses. Dot and dash lines indicate the reduction in the width of the mold cavity by insertion of a thickness transverse wall 18 which may, if desired, be tapered in respect to the casting direction as shown in FIG. 2. If desired, the said transverse walls may have different degrees of taper.
The inlet and outlet for cooling water for the wall 3 is shown at 20. The clamping means 15 and 16 couple the pipe connections for the cooling water automatically to the wall 3 and are sealed by packing 19 when the transverse wall 3 is locked into position.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show a modified built-up plate mold 30. Plate shifting gear comprising two screw spindles 34, two worm gears 35 and an articulated shaft 36 connected to both worm gears serve for adjustably shifting each transverse wall 33. Thereby, it is possible to change the width of the mold cavity without replacement of the transverse walls. Flexible water hoses 40 conduct the cooling water through a support yoke 41 resting on the frame 5 and a transverse wall support 42 to the transverse wall 33. The support yoke 41 which is firmly secured to the transverse wall support 42 is movable on faces 43.
In this embodiment, the replacement of the transverse walls, when necessary, is performed in the same way and with the same means as has already been described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
In such an adjustable mold it is likewise possible to make use of transverse walls of varying thicknesses in order to extend the adjustability range of the screw spindles and to obtain a mold with an increased adjustability range.
Alternatively, other designs and constructions than those which are shown in the drawings may be used.
.For instance, the arrangements for the insertion of the transverse wall may comprise hook-shaped elements, with keys or magnetic clamps being used to lock the transverse wall into position.
The yoke may also be attached directly to the transverse wall to conduct the cooling water directly from the yoke into the wall. In this arrangement the yoke may be connected to the flexible water hoses by quickrelease connections.
The invention is not limited to the above-described examples. For instance, both longitudinal walls might be movable. Besides setting one of the longitudinalwalls in a fixed location this can also be done in the case of one of the transverse walls and the other transverse wall can be adjustable so that the mold has two fixed sides, and the other two sides can be adjusted to the cross-sections which have to be cast.
I claim as my invention:
1. A plate mold for continuous casting, comprising a supporting frame, longitudinal and transverse cooled walls supported on said frame and defining the mold cavity, means for moving at least one of said longitudinal walls to clamp the transverse walls therebetween, means for mounting said transverse walls for sliding movement in vertical direction on said supporting frame during insertion between or withdrawal from between said longitudinal walls, means to clamp said transverse walls to said supporting frame, and means operable from the top of the mold to release said clamping means to permit insertion or withdrawal of said transverse walls.
2. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said guide means comprises a T-shaped guideway in each transverse wall extending substantially parallel to the casting axis, a sliding bar in said guideway and a limit stop at the bottom of said guideway.
3. A plate mold according to claim 2, in which said clamping means includes compression springs and studs mounted on said sliding bar, and a screw spindle with tapered shoulders adapted to engage said studs.
4. A plate mold according to claim l,'in which said clamping means couples the inlet and outlet pipes for the cooling water automatically to the transverse wall.
5. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said transverse walls have different degrees of taper in respect to the casting direction.
6. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said transverse walls are suspended fromyokes which rest movably on said supporting frame.
7. A plate mold according to claim 6, in which the cooling water is conducted to the transverse walls through said yokes.
t I i

Claims (7)

1. A plate mold for continuous casting, comprising a supporting frame, longitudinal and transverse cooled walls supported on said frame and defining the mold cavity, means for moving at least one of said longitudinal walls to clamp the transverse walls therebetween, means for mounting said transverse walls for sliding movement in vertical direction on said supporting frame during insertion between or withdrawal from between said longitudinal walls, means to clamp said transverse walls to said supporting frame, and means operable from the top of the mold to release said clamping means to permit insertion or withdrawal of said transverse walls.
2. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said guide means comprises a T-shaped guideway in each transverse wall extending substantially parallel to the casting axis, a sliding bar in said guideway and a limit stop at the bottom of said guideway.
3. A plate mold according to claim 2, in which said clamping means includes compression springs and studs mounted on said sliding bar, and a screw spindle with tapered shoulders adapted to engage said studs.
4. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said clamping means couples the inlet and outlet pipes for the cooling water automatically to the transverse wall.
5. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said transverse walls have different degrees of taper in respect to the casting direction.
6. A plate mold according to claim 1, in which said transverse walls are suspended from yokes which rest movably on said supporting frame.
7. A plate mold according to claim 6, in which the cooling water is conducted tO the transverse walls through said yokes.
US00122345A 1970-03-10 1971-03-09 Continuous casting mold Expired - Lifetime US3735801A (en)

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CH348170A CH507757A (en) 1970-03-10 1970-03-10 Plate mold for continuous casting

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JP (1) JPS5340568B1 (en)
AT (1) AT314121B (en)
CA (1) CA934925A (en)
CH (1) CH507757A (en)
DE (1) DE2110787C3 (en)
FR (1) FR2081815B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1332549A (en)
ZA (1) ZA711443B (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791015A (en) * 1972-10-17 1974-02-12 Algoma Steel Corp Ltd Method of repairing a beam blank mold
USB337442I5 (en) * 1972-03-03 1975-01-28
US4147202A (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-04-03 Clesid S.A. Continuous casting ingot mould
US4300618A (en) * 1978-01-10 1981-11-17 Giulio Properzi Fixable width casting wheel
US4516624A (en) * 1981-12-24 1985-05-14 Concast Incorporated Mold assembly for continuous casting
US4541478A (en) * 1981-10-09 1985-09-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Continuous casting mould
US4660615A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-04-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Continuous casting mold assembly
JPS62193944U (en) * 1975-07-07 1987-12-09
US5307862A (en) * 1991-10-25 1994-05-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Adjustable mold for continuous casting of articles of different thicknesses
US6408930B1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2002-06-25 Mannesmann Ag Adjustable plate mold
WO2003064078A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-07 Heggset, Engineering, As Casting wheel for continuous casting of metal
US20040055732A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-25 Leblanc Guy Adjustable casting mold

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT343304B (en) * 1976-01-27 1978-05-26 Voest Ag PLATE COLLAR FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING
FR2534163B1 (en) * 1982-10-08 1985-08-09 Clecim Sa ADJUSTMENT DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE
DE3526736C2 (en) * 1985-07-26 1994-08-25 Kabelmetal Ag Continuous casting mold for the continuous casting of metal
DE19758385A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Mannesmann Ag Sidebars of an adjustable plate mold

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3142873A (en) * 1958-03-17 1964-08-04 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Continuous metal casting apparatus
US3292216A (en) * 1963-06-25 1966-12-20 Concast Ag Adjustable mold for continuous casting installation
FR2005042A7 (en) * 1968-03-29 1969-12-05 Schloemann Ag Continuous casting die with partitions permitting bars - of various sections to be formed
US3583473A (en) * 1968-03-19 1971-06-08 Mannesmann Ag Liquid cooled continuous metal casting chill mold

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3142873A (en) * 1958-03-17 1964-08-04 Hazelett Strip Casting Corp Continuous metal casting apparatus
US3292216A (en) * 1963-06-25 1966-12-20 Concast Ag Adjustable mold for continuous casting installation
US3583473A (en) * 1968-03-19 1971-06-08 Mannesmann Ag Liquid cooled continuous metal casting chill mold
FR2005042A7 (en) * 1968-03-29 1969-12-05 Schloemann Ag Continuous casting die with partitions permitting bars - of various sections to be formed

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB337442I5 (en) * 1972-03-03 1975-01-28
US3913658A (en) * 1972-03-03 1975-10-21 Concast Ag Adjustable plate mold for continuous casting
US3791015A (en) * 1972-10-17 1974-02-12 Algoma Steel Corp Ltd Method of repairing a beam blank mold
JPS62193944U (en) * 1975-07-07 1987-12-09
JPH0321803Y2 (en) * 1975-07-07 1991-05-13
US4147202A (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-04-03 Clesid S.A. Continuous casting ingot mould
US4300618A (en) * 1978-01-10 1981-11-17 Giulio Properzi Fixable width casting wheel
US4541478A (en) * 1981-10-09 1985-09-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Continuous casting mould
US4516624A (en) * 1981-12-24 1985-05-14 Concast Incorporated Mold assembly for continuous casting
US4660615A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-04-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Continuous casting mold assembly
US5307862A (en) * 1991-10-25 1994-05-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Adjustable mold for continuous casting of articles of different thicknesses
US6408930B1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2002-06-25 Mannesmann Ag Adjustable plate mold
WO2003064078A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-07 Heggset, Engineering, As Casting wheel for continuous casting of metal
US20050045302A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2005-03-03 Heggset Bjarne A. Casting wheel for continuous casting of metal
US6962190B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2005-11-08 Heggset Engineering A.S. Casting wheel for continuous casting of metal
US20040055732A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-25 Leblanc Guy Adjustable casting mold
US6857464B2 (en) 2002-09-19 2005-02-22 Hatch Associates Ltd. Adjustable casting mold

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Publication number Publication date
ZA711443B (en) 1971-11-24
CH507757A (en) 1971-05-31
CA934925A (en) 1973-10-09
FR2081815B1 (en) 1974-03-22
DE2110787A1 (en) 1971-09-30
DE2110787C3 (en) 1974-08-08
AT314121B (en) 1974-03-25
GB1332549A (en) 1973-10-03
JPS5340568B1 (en) 1978-10-27
DE2110787B2 (en) 1974-01-17
FR2081815A1 (en) 1971-12-10

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