US3733487A - X-ray diagnostic apparatus - Google Patents

X-ray diagnostic apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3733487A
US3733487A US00133660A US3733487DA US3733487A US 3733487 A US3733487 A US 3733487A US 00133660 A US00133660 A US 00133660A US 3733487D A US3733487D A US 3733487DA US 3733487 A US3733487 A US 3733487A
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United States
Prior art keywords
delivering
voltage
proportional
motor
rotor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00133660A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Louche
R Loucheur
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Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
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Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4476—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to motor-assisted motion of the source unit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/025—Tomosynthesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0487—Motor-assisted positioning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/447—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit or the detector unit being mounted to counterpoise or springs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/587—Alignment of source unit to detector unit

Definitions

  • X-ray diagnostic apparatus particularly adapted for [51] In ⁇ .Cl a H6 3 ectilinear tomography, comprising a column carrying [58] 56 61 the X-ray source pivoting about a horizontal axis, said 3l8/637 column being composed of a lower and an upper parts, the latter one longitudinally displaceable relatively the former one by means of an electric motor [56] References Clted controlled by a signal, which is a function of the angle UNITED STATES PATENTS of inclination of the column.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in X-ray diagnostic apparatus and, more particularly, to apparatus of this kind which can take oblique-incident X-ray photographs and also be used for tomography.
  • the tomography technique is employed to eliminate the opacity created by organs or elements which are located in front of or behind of the part of the body being examined, considered in relation to the X-ray source.
  • the X-ray tube and the film are given homothetic relative displacements, in opposite directions, about a homothetic center or axis located in the plane where part of the body to be examined is located.
  • Tomography apparatus of this kind in which the focus of the tube, and the film, carry out rectilinear displacements, are well known and have been described for example in French Pat. No. 800,445.
  • the focus of the X-ray tube, and the film describe truly homothetic relative trajectories in relation to the plane of section defined by the homothetic axis.
  • the tube is located in a casing carried by a carriage which can move along guide rails parallel to the plane of the table. The presence of these rails means that an assembly of this kind is a bulky one and does not lend itself to the taking of X-ray photographs of varying focal distance.
  • the column carrying the tubes is made up of two parts.
  • the first part of the column is fixed to the shaft that is coupled to the drive motor for pivoting it, and the second part, carrying the X-ray tube at its top end, is located in the first part in such a fashion as to be longitudinally displaceable in relation thereto.
  • This apparatus likewise comprises a correcting cam with an aperture in which there engages a horizontal rod fixed to the second part of the column.
  • Said cam at the time of a tomography operation, is fixed in relation to the table and said curvilinear opening guides the rod fixed to the second part of the column, in order to modify the column length.
  • the aperture is profiled in order to give the tube focus a rectilinear trajectory during the pivoting of the arm.
  • the apparatus forming the subject of the present invention allows to overcome these drawbacks.
  • it can, in particular, both execute tomography operations and take oblique incidence X-ray photographs at varying focal lengths in a continuous manner and without any mechanical intervention, whilst causing the tube focus to describe quasirectilinear trajecto- I'leS.
  • an X-ray diagnostic apparatus particularly adapted for tomography with variable focal distances, including an X-ray source a housing a colum for carrying said X-ray source comprising a lower portion mounted on said housing for pivoting about a horizontal axis and an upper portion carrying said X-ray source at its upper end, said upper portion being assembled with lower one for longitudinal displacements in relation thereto, both said portions having parallel longitudinal axes perpendicular to said horizontal one a first electric motor having a stator fixed to said housing and a rotor mechanically coupled to said lower portion for controlling said pivoting thereof about said horizontal axis a second electric motor having a stator fixed to said lower portion and a rotor mechanically coupled to said upper portion for controlling said longitudinal displacements means for delivering an electrical signal which is a function of the angle of inclination 'y of said column electronic analogue circuit means fed by said signal for controlling said second motor in dependance of said angle 7, whereby the motion of said X-ray source during the pivot
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates part of an embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the apparatus of FIG. 1 in section along line A-A when the column carrying the X-ray tube is in a vertical position, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the film
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of the electronic circuit utilized in the apparatus in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of another embodiment of the electronic circuit in accordance with the invention.
  • the reference 1 represents the frame carrying the X-ray apparatus, in particular a horizontal table 2.
  • the table 2 normally carries a bed-rest for the patient (not shown in FIG. 1), this generally being movable in a plane parallel to the fihn plane.
  • the frame 1 first of all comprises a component 3 of forked form, whose both branches comprise a hearing 4. Assembled in these bearings 4 there is a horizontal shaft 5 fixed to a column 6 which carries the X-ray tube.
  • the column 6 is made up of two parts, 7 and 8, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to one another.
  • the first or lower part 7 is fixed to the shaft 5 and is provided at its bottom end with a gear (toothed ring) 9 engaging with an endless screw (wormgear) l0 fixed to the shaft of a first electric motor 11 whose stator is fixed to the frame 1.
  • the electric motor 11 drives the column 6 in order to pivot it around the shaft 5.
  • This shaft likewise drives the slider of a first potentiometer 12.
  • the second or upper part 8 of the column 6 is mounted in slides 13 and 14 fixed to the first part 7, in order to render it movable longitudinally in relation to the latter (in parallel to its longitudinal axis).
  • These longitudinal displacements are produced by a second electric motor 15, mounted on the first part 7 and driving a chain 16 attached to a finger 17 integral with the second part 8.
  • the chain 16 is driven by the motor through a reduction gear comprising an endless screw 18 and a first gear 19, the chain being taken around two pinions 20 and 21 the first 20 of which is fixed to the shaft of the first gear 19 and the second 21 of which rotates idly in a bearing located near the top end of the first piece 7 and integral therewith.
  • the shaft of the first gear 19 also drives the slider of a second potentiometer 22.
  • the second part 8 carries at its top end a shaft 23 which in turn carries a casing 24 surrounding an X-ray tube 25.
  • a film casette carriage 26 is located, with rollers 27 allowing its displacement in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the table 2.
  • the frame 1 is furthermore equipped with a vertical rod 28 along which a horizontal pivot 29 carrying a slide 30 in which there engages a rod 31 known as a tomography rod, can be fixed.
  • the rod 31 is likewise engaged in another slide 32 which can pivot about a horizontal spindle fixed to the film casette carriage 26.
  • the top end of the rod is coupled to a shaft 23 carrying the casing 24 so as to pivot about said shaft 23.
  • the C011- nection between the focus of the X-ray tube and the film casette carriage 26, which is established by means of this rod 31, causes these elements to carry out homothetic displacements about a homothetic center determined by the pivot 29, said center being adjustable by displacing the pivot 29 along the rod 28.
  • the plane of section whose X-ray photograph is produced by the tomography process, is that plane parallel to the plane of the film which intersects with the axis of the pivot 29.
  • the first motor 1 drives the arm so that the focus of the X-ray tube describes a circular arc whose radius R is equal to the distance between the focus and the shaft 5 this is a case described in the above mentioned French Pat. No. 1,495,520.
  • the distance between the focus and the shaft 5 must be modified during the pivoting of the column 6, as a function of the angle 7 of inclination of the column with respect to the vertical.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an electronic circuit enabling the longitudinal movement of the second part 8 of the column 6 to be controlled as a function of the angle y.
  • This circuit comprises a source 40 producing an analogue voltage which is proportional to the selected focal length R.
  • the first potentiometer 12, whose slider is driven by the shaft 5 of the column 6, supplies an analogue voltage corresponding to the angle 7.
  • This voltage is applied to a circuit 41 producing a signal proportional to the square of the input signal.
  • This kind of circuit may for example be made up by means of a first multiplier circuit of arbitrary design, whose two inputs are fed in parallel with the same signal. This circuit then produces a signal proportional to 7 12.
  • This signal as well as the voltage proportional to R are applied respectively to two inputs of a second multiplier circuit 42, preferably in the form of a fourquadrant multiplier as described for example in the work by Samuel Seely entitled Electronic Circuits published by Holt, Reinhart and Winston, Inc. in 1968, in pages 264 to 266 and 269, thereof.
  • This circuit produces at its output an analogue voltage which is proportional to R 'y /2.
  • This voltage in turn is applied to a first input 51 of a differential amplifier 50 whose second input 52 receives from the second potentiometer 22 a voltage proportional to the real elongation of the arm, the slider of said second potentiometer 22 being mechanically coupled to the shaft of the second electric motor 15 which drives the second part 8 of the column 6.
  • the differential amplifier 50 produces at its output 53 a signal proportional to the difference between R'y /2 and the real variation in the length of the column 6, which signal is fed to the control windings of the sec-. ond motor 15.
  • the second motor 15 is servo-controlled to the setpoint value R 11 /2.
  • first and second multiplier circuits 41 and 42 are advantageously designed as two identical integrated circuits, of known type, namely four-quadrant multipliers.
  • the first potentiometer 12 indicating the angle 7 will be replaced by a sine-cosine potentiometer producing cosy or by a resolver device 120.
  • a resolver would be constitued for example by a transformer with a primary winding located in the stator and two secondary windings located in the rotor of a rotary electrical machine, said two secondary windings being at to one another. If the primary winding is supplied with a constant amplitude alternating voltage, the two secondary windings will produce voltages whose amplitude are respectively proportional to cos d) and sin, where (b is the angle between the primary winding and the secondary winding which furnishes the cosine of rb.
  • control panel will be provided with control buttons for each of these focal lengths. These control buttons likewise enable the analogue voltage sources 40 corresponding to this value R, to be connected to one of the inputs of the second multiplier circuit 42.
  • a control in the variation thereof must also control the displacement of the slider of a third potentiometer (not shown), for example with the help of a third motor (not shown), in order to supply at this slider a voltage corresponding to the selected focal length.
  • the apparatus in accordance with the invention can be used for diagnostic radiography and is particularly well suited to the execution of variable focal length tomography operations, the production of X-ray photographs and even the carrying out of X-ray fluoroscopy, at oblique incidences, if equipped with an image intensifier.
  • X-ray diagnostic apparatus particularly adapted for tomography with variable focal distances, including an X-ray source a housing a column for carrying said X-ray source comprising a lower portion mounted on said housing for pivoting about a horizontal axis and an upper portion carrying said X-ray source at its upper end, said upper portion being assembled with said lower one for longitudinal displacements in relation thereto, both said portions having parallel longitudinal axes perpendicular to said horizontal one a first electric motor having a stator fixed to said housing and a rotor mechanically coupled to said lower portion for controlling said pivoting thereof about said horizontal axis, a second electric motor having a stator fixed to said lower portion and a rotor mechanically coupled to said upper portion for controlling said longitudinal displacements means for delivering an electrical signal which is a function of the angle of inclination 'y of said column electronic analogue circuit means fed by said signal for controlling said second motor in dependence of said angle 'y, whereby the motion of said X-ray source during the pivoting

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
US00133660A 1970-04-30 1971-04-13 X-ray diagnostic apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3733487A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7016007A FR2088964A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-30 1970-04-30

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US3733487A true US3733487A (en) 1973-05-15

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US00133660A Expired - Lifetime US3733487A (en) 1970-04-30 1971-04-13 X-ray diagnostic apparatus

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US (1) US3733487A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2119864B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2088964A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1327872A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50109570U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-02-16 1975-09-08
US3922552A (en) * 1974-02-15 1975-11-25 Robert S Ledley Diagnostic X-ray systems
US4005311A (en) * 1974-02-15 1977-01-25 Georgetown University Diagnostic X-ray systems
FR2344834A1 (fr) * 1976-03-19 1977-10-14 Gen Electric Appareil d'examen a rayons x
DE2826140A1 (de) * 1977-06-16 1978-12-21 Philips Nv Schichtaufnahmegeraet
US4145613A (en) * 1977-10-25 1979-03-20 Cgr Medical Corporation Motorized X-ray tube assembly
US4450575A (en) * 1983-01-17 1984-05-22 General Electric Company X-Ray tomography table having a virtual fulcrum arm pivot
US4464778A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray examination means
US4550421A (en) * 1981-06-12 1985-10-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Radiology table for exposures with variable tilting angle and source-patient distance and for tomography
FR2568122A1 (fr) * 1984-07-27 1986-01-31 Thomson Cgr Procede d'imagerie tomographique et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2570944A1 (fr) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-04 Rodet Jean Jacques Appareil de radiologie
US6382832B1 (en) * 1997-07-02 2002-05-07 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray examination apparatus provided with a tiltable patient table
FR2875693A1 (fr) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-31 Gen Electric Dispositif de tomographie par rayons x

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5923207B2 (ja) * 1979-03-23 1984-05-31 株式会社モリタ製作所 歯科用全顎ｘ線撮影装置
JPS5923208B2 (ja) * 1979-03-23 1984-05-31 株式会社モリタ製作所 歯科用全額ｘ線撮影装置におけるｘ線フィルム送り速度制御装置
DE2927380C2 (de) * 1979-07-06 1983-06-30 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Röntgenuntersuchungsgerät für Schicht- und andere Aufnahmeverfahren

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2069417A (en) * 1934-01-10 1937-02-02 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Fire control system
US2110953A (en) * 1933-04-21 1938-03-15 Grossmann Gustav Method of and apparatus for making radiographs more particularly of body sections
US2235144A (en) * 1939-04-10 1941-03-18 Abraham E Colcher Radiographic apparatus
US2497065A (en) * 1947-12-26 1950-02-14 Sperry Corp Stabilized tower supported antenna
DE1118928B (de) * 1960-03-12 1961-12-07 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Roentgen-Schichtaufnahmegeraet

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2110953A (en) * 1933-04-21 1938-03-15 Grossmann Gustav Method of and apparatus for making radiographs more particularly of body sections
US2069417A (en) * 1934-01-10 1937-02-02 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc Fire control system
US2235144A (en) * 1939-04-10 1941-03-18 Abraham E Colcher Radiographic apparatus
US2497065A (en) * 1947-12-26 1950-02-14 Sperry Corp Stabilized tower supported antenna
DE1118928B (de) * 1960-03-12 1961-12-07 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Roentgen-Schichtaufnahmegeraet

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922552A (en) * 1974-02-15 1975-11-25 Robert S Ledley Diagnostic X-ray systems
US4005311A (en) * 1974-02-15 1977-01-25 Georgetown University Diagnostic X-ray systems
JPS50109570U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-02-16 1975-09-08
FR2344834A1 (fr) * 1976-03-19 1977-10-14 Gen Electric Appareil d'examen a rayons x
DE2826140A1 (de) * 1977-06-16 1978-12-21 Philips Nv Schichtaufnahmegeraet
US4213050A (en) * 1977-06-16 1980-07-15 U.S. Philips Corporation Servo control for X-ray tomography
US4145613A (en) * 1977-10-25 1979-03-20 Cgr Medical Corporation Motorized X-ray tube assembly
US4550421A (en) * 1981-06-12 1985-10-29 U.S. Philips Corporation Radiology table for exposures with variable tilting angle and source-patient distance and for tomography
US4464778A (en) * 1981-09-16 1984-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray examination means
US4450575A (en) * 1983-01-17 1984-05-22 General Electric Company X-Ray tomography table having a virtual fulcrum arm pivot
FR2568122A1 (fr) * 1984-07-27 1986-01-31 Thomson Cgr Procede d'imagerie tomographique et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2570944A1 (fr) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-04 Rodet Jean Jacques Appareil de radiologie
EP0177417A1 (fr) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-09 Jean-Jacques Rodet Appareil de radiologie
US6382832B1 (en) * 1997-07-02 2002-05-07 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray examination apparatus provided with a tiltable patient table
FR2875693A1 (fr) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-31 Gen Electric Dispositif de tomographie par rayons x
US20060078084A1 (en) * 2004-09-24 2006-04-13 Henri Souchay Apparatus for radiographic projection tomography
US7212606B2 (en) 2004-09-24 2007-05-01 General Electric Company Apparatus for radiographic projection tomography
EP1639944A3 (en) * 2004-09-24 2009-05-20 General Electric Company Apparatus for radiographic projection tomography

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1327872A (en) 1973-08-22
DE2119864A1 (de) 1971-11-18
FR2088964A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-07
DE2119864B2 (de) 1974-02-21

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