US3731393A - Method of and apparatus for fluidizing particulate substance - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for fluidizing particulate substance Download PDF

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Publication number
US3731393A
US3731393A US00151363A US3731393DA US3731393A US 3731393 A US3731393 A US 3731393A US 00151363 A US00151363 A US 00151363A US 3731393D A US3731393D A US 3731393DA US 3731393 A US3731393 A US 3731393A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
wall
funnel
solid particles
slits
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00151363A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Okada
F Kato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Morinaga Milk Industry Co Ltd
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Morinaga Milk Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C1/00—Concentration, evaporation or drying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C1/00—Concentration, evaporation or drying
    • A23C1/04—Concentration, evaporation or drying by spraying into a gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/16—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/107—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers pneumatically inducing within the drying enclosure a curved flow path, e.g. circular, spiral, helical; Cyclone or Vortex dryers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
    • F26B3/0926—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by pneumatic means, e.g. spouted beds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C2210/00—Physical treatment of dairy products
    • A23C2210/05—Conventional drying followed by fluidised bed drying; Fluidised bed drying at the bottom of a spray-drier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in a method and apparatus for forming and conveying a fluidized bed of solid particles, wherein a body of gas, for instance dehumdified, cold air, is mixed with a mass of solid particles to impart fluidity to the mass so that it flows like a body of fluid.
  • a body of gas for instance dehumdified, cold air
  • Fluidized beds of solid particles have been variously used, for instance to transport such particles, to desiccate particles containing moisture, to impart a desired temperature thereto, i.e., to heat or cool them, to subject them to chemical processing, andthe like.
  • a fluidized bed of solid particles on a downwardly tapering conical funnel wall having a circular cross section of downwardly decreasing diameter.
  • the solid particles are supplied to the funnel from above near or at its upper edge, and a body of gas is introduced through a plurality of slits in the funnel wall in such a manner that a vortex of gas circles or whirls along the wall to mix with the solid particles and thereby to produce a fluidized bed thereof and move the particles downwardly along the wall in a thin swirling bed.
  • the gas may be introduced into the funnel at a uniform velocity but, for most effective fluidizing of the particles, the body of gas is introduced through the slits in a-direction substantially tangential to -the circular cross section of the funnel wall, and the vortex of gas is distributed so that the velocity thereof is indirect proportion to the diameter of the conical wall, thus forming a uniform fluidized bed of substantially constant thickness along the funnel wall.
  • the body of gas is introduced through the slits from a sealed chamber or wind box surrounding the funnel, the gas being blown into the chamber to form a whirling stream or vortex of gas in the chamber whence it passes thruogh the slits into admixture with the solid particles.
  • the resultant fluidized bed does not bubble in the manner of a boiling liquid as it moves along the funnel wall, as has been the case in some conventional fluidizing methods.
  • the fluidized bed moves in the form of a thin layer of particles along the wall.
  • the apparatus of this invention comprises a funnel with a downwardly tapering conical wall having a circular cross section of downwardly decreasing diameter.
  • the funnel has an open top, a discharge port at the lower end for discharging the solid particles, and a plurality of slits, preferably arranged in adjacent circular rows along the wall.
  • a cover member covers the open funnel top and has an inlet port for supplying the solid particles to the conical wall at or near its upper edge, and a gas escape port.
  • a casing surrounds the funnel and forms a chamber therewith, and a duct is connected to the casing for supplying a body of gas to the chamber, the body of gasbeing passed inwardly from the chamber through the slits into the funnel.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus for fluidizing solid particles according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3a is a developed view of the slitted conical wall of the apparatus
  • FIG. 3b is an enlarged perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the slits in the conical wall
  • FIGS. 30 and 3d are respective sectional views taken along lines cc and dd of FIG. 3b;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3a, showing a slitted blank welded together from a plurality of pre-cut segmental portions for forming the funnel wall.
  • the illustrated fluidiz ing apparatus may form the bottom portion of a drying tower for spray drying milk so that the solid milk particles are received in the funnel of the apparatus from the spray drying tower, for instance in a tower of the type described and claimed in our copending application Ser. No. 820,902, filed May I, 1969.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a funnel with a downwardly tapering conical wall 1 having a circular cross section of downwardly decreasing diameter.
  • the funnel has an open top which is covered by cover member 3 having an inlet port 10 adjacent the periphery thereof for supplying solid particles to the funnel close to the upper edge thereof, and a gas escape or exhaust port 9 coaxial with the vertical axis of the funnel.
  • the lower end of the funnel has a coaxial discharge port I l for discharging the solid particles.
  • a casing 2 surrounds the funnel and forms a sealed wind box chamber therewith, the upper end of the casing having a flange mating with annular flanges of the cover member 3 and the funnel wall 1, which flanges are fastened together by bolts 6 cooperating with nuts 7, gaskets 4 and 5 being interposed between the flanges to provide a fluid-tight seal.
  • a flexible conduit 14 is clamped to the lower end of the casing 2 and the discharge port 11 by clamping rings 15 and 16 to provide another fluid-tight seal.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the duct connected to the casing for supplying a body of gas to the sealed wind box chamber in a direction tangential to the circular cross section of the funnel wall 1 at or near the upper, large-diameter end thereof.
  • Gas such as dehumidified cold air, is blown into the duct 8 from a blower (not shown).
  • the funnel wall has a plurality of slits 13 over its entire area, the illustrated embodiment showing a plurality of adjacent rows of slits extending circularly around the conical wall 1 in circles of diminishing diameters, the slits being substantially parallel to each other and extending in the direction of the axis of the funnel in their longer dimensions.
  • the wall 1 may be formed from a semi-circular slitted plate, in which case the angle of the conus is 60.
  • each slit 13 has a substantially tanGentially extending, depressed portion 13b forming a baffle member for directing a body of gas therethrough and inwardly, this depressed baffle member ending at the scoring line 13a.
  • Slits of this shape will prevent powder particles moving in the fluidized bed along the conical wall 1 from falling outwardly through the slits and will efficiently direct the gas inwardly.
  • the slitted wall may also be formed from a plurality of segmental plates la which may be fastened together, preferably by welding, to form the conical wall 1
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein the solid arrows indicate the flow of the solid particles and the arrows in broken line indicate the flow of the whirling gas stream or vortex.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 1 forms the bottom of such a tower to receive the spray dried milk particle through inlet port 10, cold and dehumidified air being blown in through inlet duct 8.
  • the air swirls in the annular wind box chamber 12 in a vortex and is passed inwardly from this sealed chamber through the multiplicity of slits 13 tangentially along the funnel wall. The air thus admitted moves in a whirling movement from the wall towards its axis and is subsequently exhausted through gas escapt port 9 in cover 3 upwardly away from the apparatus.
  • the gas vortex in the wind box is under higher pressure at the top, where the funnel diameter is largest and the distance of the gas vortex from the funnel axis is, therefore, largest, and decreases gradually in direct proportion to the diminishing diameter towards the lower end.
  • the amount of air introduced into the funnel decreases from the upper to the lower end thereof in direct proportion to the decreasing pressure of the gas.
  • This causes the particles in the fluidized bed to swirl about at a correspondingly decreasing speed as they are conveyed in the bed in a thin layer along the funnel wall while being cooled. Since the diameter of the annular fluidized bed of particles decreases in the same manner, the thickness of the fuidized bed remains constant along the entire length of the funnel wall.
  • the duct is so connected to the casing 2 as to deliver the gas thereinto in a radial direction, rather than tangentially, the air will not whirl but pass into the funnel through the slits at the same pressure along the entire funnel wall.
  • the fluidized bed will be non-uniform, i.e., thicker at the bottom than on top.
  • the spray dried powder tends to agglomerate at the bottom of the drying tower if the dried particles have not been cooled down below the solidifying temperature of the fat contained therein. Therefore, a cooling zone must be provided in the lower part of the drying tower to cool the milk powder down to room temperature. By using the present apparatus as the cooling zone, the height of this portion of the tower may be considerably reduced and the drying tower efficiency correspondingly improved.
  • the height and diameter of the cylindrical or main part of the drying tower may be 15 m and 5 m, respectively, while the total height of the funnelshaped bottom part thereof, built in accordance with the present invention, may be 4.3 m, with the height of the funnel 1 being 2 m.
  • the sprayed particles of milk were entrained by hot air introduced into the drying tower at a temperature of C. and at a velocity of l 2 m/sec. to be dried while descending within the cylindrical part of the tower, whereupon they were admitted into the cooling zone through inlet port 10.
  • the described fluidizing apparatus is highly efficient and may be readily cleaned because it has not auxiliary mechanical devices for scraping the milk particles off the funnel wall. Furthermore, since the fluidized bed is thin, all particles will be uniformly cooled and there will be no rejected portion of the dried particles, due to scorching during the drying operation. The particles in the fluidized bed will freely move along the funnel wall while being cooled, without the need for agitators, vibrators or the like.
  • a method of forming a fluidized bed of solid particles on a downwardly tapering funnel wall having a circular cross section of downwardly decreasing diameter comprising the steps of l. supplying the solid particles to an upper edge of the funnel wall from above,
  • An apparatus for forming a fluidized bed of solid particles comprising in combination:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
US00151363A 1970-06-13 1971-06-09 Method of and apparatus for fluidizing particulate substance Expired - Lifetime US3731393A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5090370 1970-06-13

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Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3731393A (de)
BE (1) BE768438A (de)
DE (1) DE2129186C3 (de)
DK (1) DK134450B (de)
FR (1) FR2095614A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1321726A (de)
NL (1) NL145468B (de)
NO (1) NO138136C (de)
SE (1) SE380737B (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2922783A1 (de) * 1978-06-14 1980-01-03 Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb Verfahren zur trocknung und hygienisierung eiweisshaltiger suspensionen
US4187617A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-02-12 Becker James J Jr Spray dryer
US4371117A (en) * 1979-06-29 1983-02-01 Bennigsen Mackiewicz A Von Production of powdered sugar
US4372228A (en) * 1980-12-04 1983-02-08 York-Shipley, Inc. Fluidized bed reactor utilizing a conical-shaped support and method of operating the reactor
US4475467A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-10-09 York-Shipley, Inc. Fluidized bed reactor utilizing a plate support and method of operating the reactor
US4479920A (en) * 1981-06-29 1984-10-30 Torftech Limited Apparatus for processing matter in a turbulent mass of particulate material
US4490403A (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-12-25 A/S Niro Atomizer Process for producing an agglomerated powdery milk product
US6065224A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-05-23 Interlicense Den Haag B.V. Device and process for the aerobic treatment of organic substances
US6705025B2 (en) 2000-03-29 2004-03-16 Huttlin Gmbh Bottom element for a device for treating particulate material
US6711831B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2004-03-30 Niro A/S Process and an apparatus for spray drying
US20110035955A1 (en) * 2008-03-19 2011-02-17 Binder + Co Ag Dryer for material to be dried
US8356696B1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2013-01-22 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Air-operated device and method for lubricating components with elimination of lubricant waste
CN105020983A (zh) * 2015-08-13 2015-11-04 天津市博爱制药有限公司 一种中药颗粒干燥装置
CN114259743A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-01 常州工业职业技术学院 带有粒径控制功能的硅粉脱水装置及脱水方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2352894B2 (de) * 1973-10-22 1981-04-16 Aktieselskabet Niro Atomizer, Soeborg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pulver aus Milch oder ähnlichen Flüssigkeiten
US4345894A (en) * 1980-10-20 1982-08-24 Stone-Platt Fluidfire Limited Light fuel start-up fluidized bed combustor
US4400150A (en) * 1980-10-20 1983-08-23 Stone-Platt Fluidfire Limited Fluidized bed combustor distributor plate assembly
DE3613362A1 (de) * 1986-04-19 1987-10-29 Orth Gmbh H Flugschichttrockner
DK158532C (da) * 1987-07-14 1990-10-29 Niro Atomizer As Toerreapparat, der arbejder med fluid bed, og lejeplade dertil
US5068979A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-12-03 Blaw Knox Food & Chemical Equipment Company Apparatus for conditioning particulate material
DK0507038T3 (da) * 1991-04-05 1994-10-17 Niro Holding As Apparat med fluidiserende leje og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af samme
CN107702474A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2018-02-16 张家港大塚化学有限公司 低粉尘的桨叶式干燥机

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1509915A (en) * 1922-11-09 1924-09-30 Albert H Stebbins Concentrator
US1829477A (en) * 1925-12-30 1931-10-27 Douthitt Frank Howard Process of and apparatus for drying liquids
US3140862A (en) * 1958-10-06 1964-07-14 Metallbau Semler G M B H Apparatus for the physical and/or chemical treatment of granular solids or fine dusts
US3337969A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-08-29 Thoreson Mccosh Inc Plastic material dryer
US3494047A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-02-10 Schilde Ag Method and apparatus for carrying out physical and chemical reactions
US3518777A (en) * 1968-01-29 1970-07-07 Motomi Kono Heat exchange apparatus for fluidizing particulate material

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1071056B (de) * 1959-12-17 Karl-Richard Löblich und Frithjof von Vahl, Hannover Verfahren zum Durchführen chemischer oder physikalischer Prozesse zwischen gasförmigen oder flüssigen Stoffen und festem, gekörntem' Gut
DE606345C (de) * 1932-11-29 1934-11-30 Selma Von Kulisitsch Geb Von T Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung von chemischen und thermischen Prozessen zwischen staubfoermigem Material und Gasen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1509915A (en) * 1922-11-09 1924-09-30 Albert H Stebbins Concentrator
US1829477A (en) * 1925-12-30 1931-10-27 Douthitt Frank Howard Process of and apparatus for drying liquids
US3140862A (en) * 1958-10-06 1964-07-14 Metallbau Semler G M B H Apparatus for the physical and/or chemical treatment of granular solids or fine dusts
US3337969A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-08-29 Thoreson Mccosh Inc Plastic material dryer
US3494047A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-02-10 Schilde Ag Method and apparatus for carrying out physical and chemical reactions
US3518777A (en) * 1968-01-29 1970-07-07 Motomi Kono Heat exchange apparatus for fluidizing particulate material

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2922783A1 (de) * 1978-06-14 1980-01-03 Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb Verfahren zur trocknung und hygienisierung eiweisshaltiger suspensionen
US4187617A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-02-12 Becker James J Jr Spray dryer
US4371117A (en) * 1979-06-29 1983-02-01 Bennigsen Mackiewicz A Von Production of powdered sugar
US4372228A (en) * 1980-12-04 1983-02-08 York-Shipley, Inc. Fluidized bed reactor utilizing a conical-shaped support and method of operating the reactor
US4479920A (en) * 1981-06-29 1984-10-30 Torftech Limited Apparatus for processing matter in a turbulent mass of particulate material
US4475467A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-10-09 York-Shipley, Inc. Fluidized bed reactor utilizing a plate support and method of operating the reactor
US4490403A (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-12-25 A/S Niro Atomizer Process for producing an agglomerated powdery milk product
US6065224A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-05-23 Interlicense Den Haag B.V. Device and process for the aerobic treatment of organic substances
US6711831B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2004-03-30 Niro A/S Process and an apparatus for spray drying
US6705025B2 (en) 2000-03-29 2004-03-16 Huttlin Gmbh Bottom element for a device for treating particulate material
US20110035955A1 (en) * 2008-03-19 2011-02-17 Binder + Co Ag Dryer for material to be dried
US8800161B2 (en) * 2008-03-19 2014-08-12 Binder + Co Ag Dryer for material to be dried
US8356696B1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2013-01-22 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Air-operated device and method for lubricating components with elimination of lubricant waste
CN105020983A (zh) * 2015-08-13 2015-11-04 天津市博爱制药有限公司 一种中药颗粒干燥装置
CN114259743A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-01 常州工业职业技术学院 带有粒径控制功能的硅粉脱水装置及脱水方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO138136C (no) 1978-07-12
BE768438A (fr) 1971-11-03
DK134450B (da) 1976-11-08
NL145468B (nl) 1975-04-15
SE380737B (sv) 1975-11-17
DE2129186C3 (de) 1981-03-19
FR2095614A5 (de) 1972-02-11
DE2129186A1 (de) 1971-12-30
NO138136B (no) 1978-04-03
NL7103994A (de) 1971-12-15
GB1321726A (en) 1973-06-27
DE2129186B2 (de) 1980-07-17
DK134450C (de) 1977-04-12

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