US3730259A - Hot-spot detector for heat exchanger - Google Patents

Hot-spot detector for heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3730259A
US3730259A US00231273A US3730259DA US3730259A US 3730259 A US3730259 A US 3730259A US 00231273 A US00231273 A US 00231273A US 3730259D A US3730259D A US 3730259DA US 3730259 A US3730259 A US 3730259A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
housing
detector
reflector
fluid
heat exchange
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00231273A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Wixson
G Ostrander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Power Inc
Original Assignee
Air Preheater Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Preheater Co Inc filed Critical Air Preheater Co Inc
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Publication of US3730259A publication Critical patent/US3730259A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/006—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for regenerative heat-exchange apparatus

Definitions

  • HOT-SPOT DETECTOR FOR HEAT EXCHANGER Inventors: Donald F. Wixson, Wellsville; George K. Ostrander, Angelica,
  • ABSTRACT A hot-spot detecting arrangement for a heat exchanger that receives a flow of hot exhaust gases containing unburned products of combustion. The arrangement detects hot-spots or developing fires in deposits of said unburned products of combustion be I fore high temperature is allowed to damage the integrity of the heat exchanger.
  • This invention therefore relates to a regenerative heat exchanger apparatus or the like having an arrangement by which ignition of'deposits of combustible products collecting on the surfaceof said apparatus may be quickly detected whereby they may be disposed of in accordance with any suitable arrangement for washing or element cleaning.
  • the chief objective of my invention therefore is to provide a device for a heat exchanger which will signal a potential fire or hot-spot" well in advance of the occurrence ofa damaging fire.
  • a rotary regenerative heat exchanger comprises a cylindrical casing 10 that encloses a rotor comprised of a cylindrical housing 14 having radial partitions that produce a series of compartments therebetween.
  • the rotor is rotated slowly about its axis by any means such as a motor 15 and reduction gearing arrangement of any suitable type.
  • the rotor contains a mass of regenerative heat transfer material in the form of plates 22 arranged in closely lying layers to provide intermediate passageways that are adapted to channel the flow of fluid therethrough.
  • the heat transfer material first absorbs heat from hot gases entering the heat exchanger through a duct 24 from a boiler or other source of heat to be discharged, after passing over the heat transfer material, through an outlet 26 to which an induced draft fan is usually connected.
  • the rotor turns slowly about its axis the element that has been heated by the hot gas is moved into a stream of fluid to be heated such as cool air entering the heat exchanger through a duct 28
  • the heated fluid is discharged through a duct 32 and directed to a boiler furnace or other place of use.
  • fires may start as small hotspots" 40 near the center of the matrix on small collections of deposits that build up where condensation of liquid vapors in the exhaust gases first occur. These hot-spots will build upto approximately 6 inches in diameter and increase in temperature to about 1,400
  • this invention is directed to ap paratus that will detect the occurrence of such hotspots in the rotor before a fire actually occurs.
  • a detector 36 for infra-red rays is positioned at the side of the duct leading to the heat exchanger bearing the fluid to be heated.
  • a reflector 38 is positioned axially adjacent the end of the heat exchanger and inlateral alignment with the detector 36 in order that infra-red rays emanating at the hot-spot within the body of the heat exchanger are reflected by reflector 38 thereto.
  • the reflector 38 is mounted on a bracket 40 that is in turn carried on a screw-type mechanism 42 that is turned by a motor 44 and reduction gearing arrangement in order that the reflector 38 may be moved radially from the inner to the outer periphery of the rotor.
  • the motor 44 may be of the reversible type, with the necessary controls to reversely move the reflector after it has reached the inner or outer periphery of the rotor.
  • the reflector is being moved radially across the rotor so that the entire rotor is systematically passed closely adjacent the reflecting means, and the entire rotor is progressively scanned by the reflector. Accordingly, the energy from the hot-spot will radiate axially between the spaced heat absorbent plates to the reflector where it is in turn reflected to the detector. As the signal is received at the detector it may 1 be relayed to an amplifier (not illustrated), further trigger an alarm, open and close dampers for air or water cooling equipment, or even activate certain fire fighting equipment that will at once eliminate the potential fire.
  • two or more spaced reflectors may be focused upon a single infrared ray detector whereby the heat exchange matrix of the heat exchanger will be more frequently scanned to detect a hot-spot orpotential fire.
  • a single parabolic reflector 52 fixedly mounted at the end of the rotor may be adapted to intercept the infra-red rays emanating in any radial section of the heat exchanger.
  • the reflector 52 will reflect the rays to a single point of focus collector 54 at which location will be positioned the detector 36.
  • the entire reflector and detector assembly may be mounted in a single factory assembled.
  • housing 56 having a side 57 that is transparent to the infra-red rays.
  • Well insulated wires 62 extend from the detector 36 to an amplifier (not illustrated) outside the housing of the heat exchanger whereby a hot-spot would again quickly call for corrective measures.
  • a cooling system including tubes 58 carrying a cooling fluid from any suitable source may be circulated through the housing 56.
  • a heat exchanger having a housing including inlet and outlet ports that permit the independent flow therethrough of a hot and a cool fluid, amatrix in said housing, means for contacting the matrix with the hot and cooler fluids, and a detector responsive to a varia-- tion of infra-red rays in said heat exchanger viewing the matrix of said heat exchanger to detect a variation in the infra-red rays emitted thereby.
  • Heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 1 having a reflector spaced from an end of said matrix to receive said infra-red rays emitted thereby and reflect them to the detector.
  • Heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the reflector is a plane mirror, and means moving the plane reflector across the matrix to reflect rays from the matrix to the detector.
  • Heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the detector responsive to infra-red rays in the matrix is positioned at a side of said housing independent from the hot and cool fluids.
  • Heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a parabolic reflector axially spaced from the matrix of the heat exchanger and positioned to view a cross section of said apparatus.
  • Heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said detector is positioned at the focal point of said parabolic reflector.
  • Regenerative heat exchange apparatus having a cylindrical housing with spaced inlet and outlet ducts that permit the simultaneous flow therethrough of a heating fluid and a fluid to be heated,'a mass of heat absorbent material contained in said housing and adapted to be alternately contacted by the heating fluid and the fluid to be heated, a detector for infra-red rays, a reflector viewing the heat exchanger to reflect rays from the heat absorbent material to the detector, and means for moving said reflector and the heat absorbent material carried in the housing relative to one another to periodically reflect the infra-red rays emitted by the heat absorbent material to said detector.
  • Regenerative heat exchanger apparatus as defined in claim 7 including bearing means rotatably mounting the housing containing the heat absorbent material to permit rotation of said housing alternately between the ducts for the heating fluid and the fluid to be heated whereby the rotor is alternately subjected to said fluids.
  • Regenerative heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the reflector for infra-red rays originating in the heat exchanger is positioned in the inlet duct for the fluid to be heated to preclude matter entrained in said heating fluid from being deposited on said reflector.
  • Regenerative heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the heat absorbent material in said housing comprises elongate elements positioned substantially parallel to a line extending between inlet and outlet ducts whereby infra-red rays generated within the heat exchange material travel axially unimpeded to the reflector.
  • Regenerative heat exchange apparatus having a cylindrical housing with spaced inlet and outlet ducts that permit the simultaneous flow therethrough of a heating fluid and a fluid to be heated, a mass of heat absorbent material carried by said housing, means for subjecting said material alternately to the heating fluid and the fluid to be heated, a detector housing mounted in a fluid duct adjacent the mass of heat absorbent material, a reflector in said housing directed toward said heat absorbent material, and an infra-red detector positioned in the detector housing to receive rays reflected thereto by the reflector in the housing.
  • Regenerative heat exchange apparatus as defined in claim 11 wherein the reflector in said detector housing is shaped as a parabola.
  • Regenerative heat exchange apparatus as definedin claim 12 wherein said detector housing is positioned

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US00231273A 1972-03-02 1972-03-02 Hot-spot detector for heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3730259A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23127372A 1972-03-02 1972-03-02
DE2309854A DE2309854C3 (de) 1972-03-02 1973-02-28 Wärmeaustauscher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3730259A true US3730259A (en) 1973-05-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00231273A Expired - Lifetime US3730259A (en) 1972-03-02 1972-03-02 Hot-spot detector for heat exchanger

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US (1) US3730259A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2309854C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2174257B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861458A (en) * 1973-06-04 1975-01-21 Air Preheater Multi-head infra-red ray detector
US4019567A (en) * 1976-03-24 1977-04-26 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Lens holder
US4022270A (en) * 1976-02-17 1977-05-10 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Fire detector scanning arrangement
JPS5324154A (en) * 1976-08-13 1978-03-06 Air Preheater Heat exchanger
FR2463906A1 (fr) * 1979-08-20 1981-02-27 Svenska Rotor Maskiner Ab Echangeur de chaleur a levier reglable utilisable notamment pour la detection des incendies
EP0250743A1 (en) * 1986-06-23 1988-01-07 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Apparatus for detecting hot spots in a rotary heat exchanger
US4823861A (en) * 1988-09-06 1989-04-25 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Fire detection device for regenerative air heater
JPH02276930A (ja) * 1988-12-29 1990-11-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 回転式空気予熱器の火災検知装置
US5051590A (en) * 1989-12-06 1991-09-24 Santa Barbara Research Center Fiber optic flame detection and temperature measurement system having one or more in-line temperature dependent optical filters
US5051595A (en) * 1989-12-06 1991-09-24 Santa Barbara Research Center Fiber optic flame detection and temperature measurement system employing doped optical fiber
US5064271A (en) * 1989-03-14 1991-11-12 Santa Barbara Research Center Fiber optic flame and overheat sensing system with self test
US5097889A (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-03-24 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Hot spot detection and supression system
US5368091A (en) * 1994-02-10 1994-11-29 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Temperature monitoring method and system for regenerative heat exchanger
WO1995019555A1 (en) * 1994-01-13 1995-07-20 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Hot spot detection in rotary regenerative heat exchangers
WO1998000680A1 (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-01-08 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Linear scan hot spot detection system
US5762128A (en) * 1996-11-15 1998-06-09 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. On-line regenerative air preheater fouling sensing system
CN103217221A (zh) * 2013-03-22 2013-07-24 北京航空航天大学 一种基于图像拼接的空冷凝汽器散热面温度场测量方法
US20170131049A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2017-05-11 General Electric Technology Gmbh Heat exchanger effluent collector
CN110220546A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-09-10 青岛理工大学 一种隧道用薄壳式换热器堵塞检测系统及检测方法
US20210071953A1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-11 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln thermal monitoring and cooling systems
US12352499B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2025-07-08 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln brick layer thermal monitoring systems

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19721810C2 (de) * 1997-05-26 2001-04-19 Dreibach Gmbh Verfahren zur Überwachung des Verschmutzungszustandes eines Wärmeübertragers, der Teil eines Wärmetauschers ist, sowie eine zugehörige Vorrichtung
FR2998671A1 (fr) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de reproduction d'un phenomene d'encrassement d'une ligne postcombustion d'un moteur thermique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU158644A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US3183961A (en) * 1960-09-08 1965-05-18 Brandt Herbert Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature and humidity of a regenerative air-heater
GB1126466A (en) * 1964-09-21 1968-09-05 Howden James & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to preheaters
US3467175A (en) * 1967-03-24 1969-09-16 Lummus Co Infrared detecting device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1370242A (fr) * 1963-08-07 1964-08-21 Détecteur d'incendie

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU158644A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US3183961A (en) * 1960-09-08 1965-05-18 Brandt Herbert Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature and humidity of a regenerative air-heater
GB1126466A (en) * 1964-09-21 1968-09-05 Howden James & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to preheaters
US3467175A (en) * 1967-03-24 1969-09-16 Lummus Co Infrared detecting device

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861458A (en) * 1973-06-04 1975-01-21 Air Preheater Multi-head infra-red ray detector
US4022270A (en) * 1976-02-17 1977-05-10 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Fire detector scanning arrangement
US4019567A (en) * 1976-03-24 1977-04-26 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Lens holder
JPS5324154A (en) * 1976-08-13 1978-03-06 Air Preheater Heat exchanger
FR2463906A1 (fr) * 1979-08-20 1981-02-27 Svenska Rotor Maskiner Ab Echangeur de chaleur a levier reglable utilisable notamment pour la detection des incendies
EP0250743A1 (en) * 1986-06-23 1988-01-07 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Apparatus for detecting hot spots in a rotary heat exchanger
US4813003A (en) * 1986-06-23 1989-03-14 Air Preheater Company, Inc. Method of detecting hot spots in a rotary heat exchanger
US4823861A (en) * 1988-09-06 1989-04-25 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Fire detection device for regenerative air heater
JP2808454B2 (ja) 1988-12-29 1998-10-08 三菱重工業株式会社 回転式空気予熱器の火災検知装置
JPH02276930A (ja) * 1988-12-29 1990-11-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 回転式空気予熱器の火災検知装置
US5064271A (en) * 1989-03-14 1991-11-12 Santa Barbara Research Center Fiber optic flame and overheat sensing system with self test
US5051590A (en) * 1989-12-06 1991-09-24 Santa Barbara Research Center Fiber optic flame detection and temperature measurement system having one or more in-line temperature dependent optical filters
US5051595A (en) * 1989-12-06 1991-09-24 Santa Barbara Research Center Fiber optic flame detection and temperature measurement system employing doped optical fiber
US5097889A (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-03-24 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Hot spot detection and supression system
WO1995019555A1 (en) * 1994-01-13 1995-07-20 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Hot spot detection in rotary regenerative heat exchangers
US5368091A (en) * 1994-02-10 1994-11-29 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Temperature monitoring method and system for regenerative heat exchanger
US5791400A (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-08-11 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Linear scan hot spot detection system
WO1998000680A1 (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-01-08 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. Linear scan hot spot detection system
US5762128A (en) * 1996-11-15 1998-06-09 Abb Air Preheater, Inc. On-line regenerative air preheater fouling sensing system
CN103217221A (zh) * 2013-03-22 2013-07-24 北京航空航天大学 一种基于图像拼接的空冷凝汽器散热面温度场测量方法
US20170131049A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2017-05-11 General Electric Technology Gmbh Heat exchanger effluent collector
CN110220546A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-09-10 青岛理工大学 一种隧道用薄壳式换热器堵塞检测系统及检测方法
US20210071953A1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-11 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln thermal monitoring and cooling systems
US11703279B2 (en) * 2019-09-11 2023-07-18 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln thermal monitoring and cooling systems
US12352499B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2025-07-08 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln brick layer thermal monitoring systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2174257B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-04-22
DE2309854A1 (de) 1973-09-06
DE2309854C3 (de) 1980-10-16
DE2309854B2 (de) 1980-02-21
FR2174257A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-12

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