US3727701A - Reversible air-punching mechanism for making holes in soil by compaction - Google Patents

Reversible air-punching mechanism for making holes in soil by compaction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3727701A
US3727701A US00113291A US3727701DA US3727701A US 3727701 A US3727701 A US 3727701A US 00113291 A US00113291 A US 00113291A US 3727701D A US3727701D A US 3727701DA US 3727701 A US3727701 A US 3727701A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bushing
slide valve
striker
air
ports
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00113291A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Sudnishnikov
V Solomko
A Reinsburg
K Tupitsyn
V Plavskikh
A Kostylev
K Gurkov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Original Assignee
Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3727701A publication Critical patent/US3727701A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/08—Sinking workpieces into water or soil inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole

Definitions

  • the mechanism comprises a hollow housing in which a striker reciprocated by compressed air, strikes the housing and thus moves it through the ground.
  • the compressed air is delivered into the working chambers through an air-feed bushing which is provided with two rows of ports getting alternately in line with the corresponding rows of ports in the hollow slide valve accommodated in the bushing as said slide valve turns around its longitudinal axis.
  • an air-feed bushing which is provided with two rows of ports getting alternately in line with the corresponding rows of ports in the hollow slide valve accommodated in the bushing as said slide valve turns around its longitudinal axis.
  • it is connected with the bushing by a projection which moves along an enclosed shaped recess during the reciprocating motion of the slide valve when the mechanism is reversed by cutting off momentarily the supply of compressed air to the mechanism.
  • the present invention relates to the reversible airpunching mechanisms for making holes in soil by compaction and can be utilized, say, for laying underground conduits by the ditchless method.
  • a reversible air-punching mechanism comprising a hollow housing with a pointed head, said housing accommodating a striker which is reciprocated by compressed air and strikes the housing thus moving it through the soil.
  • the compressed air is fed into the variable-volume working chambers, the front chamber located between the inside surface of the housing and the external surface of the striker, and the rear one located inside the tail section of the striker and communicating with the front working chamber through the ports in the striker tail section.
  • the rear chamber communicates with the source of compressed air through a stepped air-feed bushing located in the rear chamber of the striker and secured by its flange in the tail section of the housing.
  • the larger-diameter step of the air-feed bushing interacting with the striker has ports which are covered during the forward stroke of the mechanism by the slide valvelocated inside the bushing.
  • the slide valve is rigidly connected with a spring-loaded sleeve which is installed on the smaller-diameter step of the bushing and is movable in the axial direction.
  • the known mechanism is reversed from the forward (working) operation to the reverse (idle) operation by reducing the pressure of the compressed air below the nominal value while the next reversal of the mechanism for the forward operation is ensured by raising the pressure of compressed air to the nominal value.
  • changes of the air pressure cause the springloaded slide valve to reciprocate axially thus uncovering or covering the ports of the air-feed bushing and changing the delivery of compressed air into the front chamber. This reverses the direction of the striker blows dealt to the housing and, as a consequence, changes the direction of the moving mechanism as a whole.
  • An object of the present invention resides in eliminating the aforesaid difficulties and disadvantages.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a reversible air-punching mechanism operating in forward and reverse directions at any required pressure in the airline.
  • this object is accomplished by providing the larger-diameter step of the airfeed bushing with a second row of ports, said second row being parallel to the first row of ports, and with air exhaust holes located on the face surface of the largerdiameter step while the hollow slide valve step interacting with the bushing also has two rows of ports separated from each other by a partition, these ports getting alternately in line with the corresponding ports in the bushing on turning of the slide valve for which purpose the slide and the bushing are interconnected by a projection moving along an enclosed shaped recess which ensures unidirectional turning of the slide valve around its longitudinal axis while said slide valve reciprocates axially during reversal of the mechanism by turning on and off the supply of compressed air to the mechanism.
  • the side walls of the enclosed shaped recess made on the internal surface of the bushing flange would be outlined by identical zig-zag lines in which each apex of the line would be displaced from the corresponding counter-opposed apex of the other zig-zag line through an angle ensuring the turning of the slide valve in one direction.
  • Such a design of the air-feed bushing and slide valve prevents uncontrollable changes in the direction of travel of the mechanism regardless of any possible fluctuations of pressure in the compressed air line. This is attributed to the fact that change in the direction of the moving mechanism can be made only by turning on or off the supply of compressed air and thus actuating the slide valve which changes the delivery of compressed air into the front chamber ofthe mechanism thereby reversing the latter.
  • FIG. 1 is the main diagram of the reversible airpunching mechanism for making holes in soil, a side view, partly cut away;
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken along line IIII in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken along line IIIIII in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a developed view of the shaped recess along diameter d in FIG. 1).
  • the tail section of the striker 2 also has a space which forms the rear working chamber 6 of a variable volume.
  • the walls of the tail section of the striker 2 have ports 7 which, depending on the position of the striker 2, communicate the front chamber 5 either with the rear chamber which is constantly under pressure, or with the atmosphere.
  • Compressed air is fed into the rear chamber 6 through stepped air-feed bushing 8 whose flange 9 is secured in the tail section of the housing 1 and which is connected with the compressed air hose 10 from the compressor (not shown).
  • the cylindrical surface of the larger-diameter, steps of the bushing 8 interacting with the tail section of the striker 2, has two parallel rows 11 (FIG. 2) and 12 (FIG. 3) of ports while the face surface of this step of the bushing 8 is provided with holes 13 (FIG. 1) for the discharge of the used air.
  • the discharge holes 14 are also provided in the flange 9 of the bushing 8.
  • the cylindrical surface of the larger-diameter step of the slide valve 15, interacting with the bushing 8, also has two rows 16 (FIG. 2) and 17 (FIG. 3) ofports.
  • the inside cylindrical surface of the flange 9 of the bushing 8 is provided with an enclosed shaped recess 20 for the movement of the projection 21 located on the external surface of the tail section of the slide valve 15.
  • the side walls 22 and 23 (FIG. 1) of the shaped recess 20 have a contour formed by zig-zag lines 24 (FIG. 4) and 25, the apices 26 of the zig-zag line 24 and the corresponding counter-opposed apices 27 of the zig-zag line 25 being offset from one another through an angle a.
  • This offset of the apices 26 and 27 of the zig-zag lines 24 and 25 which form the counter of the side walls 22 and 23 of the enclosed recess ensures unlateral turning of the reciproctin g slide valve.
  • the compressed air entering the rear working chamber 6 through the channel of the slide valve 15 from the hose l0 shifts the slide valve 15 to the extreme right position (in FIG. 1).
  • the ports in the row 1 1 of the bushing 8 are covered by the slide valve 15 (as shown in FIG. 2) and the ports in the row 12 of the bushing 8 get in line with the ports in the row 17 of the slide valve 15 (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • the spring 19 will be compressed.
  • the compressed air admitted into the rear chamber 6 will shift the striker 2 to the left and it will strike the inside wall of the housing head thereby moving the entire mechanism forward in the soil, i.e. in the direction of the blow (to the left in FIG. 1).
  • the striker 2 overcomes the resistance of the compressed air in the chamber 6 and continues its movement to the right owing to the expansion of the air in the front chamber 5.
  • the striker 2 After turning on the supply of compressed air, simultaneously with the movement of the slide valve 15 to the right, the striker 2 begins moving to the left until the compressed air begins to be delivered into the front chamber 5 from the rear chamber 6 earlier than it occurs during the forward operation of the mechanism owing to the alignment of the ports in the rows 16 and 11 with the ports 7 of the striker 2. As a result, the striker 2 will be stopped by the compressed air entering the front chamber 5 and, without striking the inside walls of the head ofthe housing 1, it will start moving to the right.
  • the mechanism will move in the direction contrary to its working movement, i.e. it will move back through the already dug hole.
  • the turning angle a, and a, of the slide valve 15 corresponding to one interval in the supply of compressed air may be selected so that one operation of the air valve will be sufficient for reversing the mechanism.
  • a reversible air-punching apparatus for making holes in soil by compaction comprising: a hollow housing for said apparatus having a pointed head portion; a reciprocable striker located within said housing adapted to strike the latter during reciprocation therein under the effect of compressed air; a forward variablevolume working chamber defined in said housing by said striker; a rear variable-volume working chamber located in the tail end section of said striker and communicating with said forward chamber through ports formed in said striker; a stepped-diameter air-feed bushing located in said rear chamber of the striker, said bushing having a flange for securing to the tail end section of said housing, said air-feed bushing having two parallel rows of ports formed on its larger diameter step portion interacting with said striker, and exhaust holes being formed on the face surface of said larger diameter step portion; a hollow spring-loaded slide valve being positioned within said air-feed bushing and having two rows of ports separated by a partition on a step portion thereof interacting with said bushing so as to be alternately alignable with the respective

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
US00113291A 1971-02-08 1971-02-08 Reversible air-punching mechanism for making holes in soil by compaction Expired - Lifetime US3727701A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11329171A 1971-02-08 1971-02-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3727701A true US3727701A (en) 1973-04-17

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US00113291A Expired - Lifetime US3727701A (en) 1971-02-08 1971-02-08 Reversible air-punching mechanism for making holes in soil by compaction

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3727701A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU446345B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE763847A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2126072A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1352042A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL166091C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3891036A (en) * 1973-08-11 1975-06-24 Tracto Technik Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams
US3995702A (en) * 1975-07-08 1976-12-07 Vladimir Vasilievich Klimashko Reversible pneumatic percussive device for making holes in ground by compaction
US4078619A (en) * 1975-10-01 1978-03-14 Boris Vasilievich Sudnishnikov Reversible air-operated apparatus of the percussive type for driving holes in ground by compacting same
US4121672A (en) * 1977-06-23 1978-10-24 Khaim Berkovich Tkach Reversing pneumatic percussive device
US4132277A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-01-02 Tupitsyn Konstantin K Pneumatic reversible impact device for driving holes in soil
US4171727A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-10-23 Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk S S S R Reversible, percussive device for ground perforation
US4214638A (en) * 1978-02-16 1980-07-29 Kamensky Veniamin V Method of controlling the reversing of a device for driving holes in earth and device for performing same
US4221157A (en) * 1976-07-29 1980-09-09 Paul Schmidt Pneumatically operated percussion boring apparatus
US4250972A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-02-17 Paul Schmidt Pneumatic ram boring device
US4537265A (en) * 1981-12-15 1985-08-27 British Telecommunications Self propelled reversible boring ram
US4662457A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-05-05 Allied Steel & Tractor Products, Inc. Reversible underground piercing device
US4733731A (en) * 1984-06-20 1988-03-29 Tkach Khaim B Air-operated reversible percussive action machine
US4872516A (en) * 1985-11-27 1989-10-10 Oklahoma Airrow, Inc. Air driven impact operated ground piercing tool
US5031706A (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-07-16 Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems Pneumopercussive soil penetrating machine
US5086848A (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-02-11 Hudak Donald M Reversible impact hole driller and method of reversing
US5117922A (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-06-02 Allied Steel & Tractor Products, Inc. Isolator assembly for a pneumatic underground piercing tool
US5172771A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-12-22 Charles Machine Works, Inc. Reversible impact-operated boring tool
US5193627A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-03-16 Terra Ag Apparatus for controlling a ramming device
US5226487A (en) * 1990-02-07 1993-07-13 Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems Pneumopercussive machine
US5311950A (en) * 1993-04-19 1994-05-17 Spektor Michael B Differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine
US5467831A (en) * 1994-08-22 1995-11-21 Spektor; Michael B. Monotube differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine with stabilizers
US5540294A (en) * 1995-02-14 1996-07-30 Anderberg Construction Company Vertical percussion ground boring tool apparatus and method
US6371220B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-04-16 Tracto-Technik - Paul Schmidt - Spezialmaschinen Pneumatically reversible ram drilling tool
US20060207794A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 Spektor Engineering Inc. Reversible penetrating machine with a springless pneumatically loaded differential air distributing mechanism
WO2009008844A1 (de) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Konek, S.R.O. Hydraulischer abbauhammer
CN102482917A (zh) * 2009-08-24 2012-05-30 Tracto技术有限责任两合公司 冲击钻设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2756567B2 (de) * 1977-12-19 1980-01-03 Gustav Dr.-Ing. 4300 Essen Jenne Steuervorrichtung für den Vor- und Rücklauf von selbstgetriebenen pneumatischen Rammbohrgeräten
SU1250619A1 (ru) * 1984-03-06 1986-08-15 Институт Горного Дела Со Ан Ссср Пневматическое реверсивное устройство дл образовани скважин в грунте

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3407884A (en) * 1962-11-23 1968-10-29 Zygmunt Kazimierz Two-way ground burrowing device
GB1170167A (en) * 1967-03-14 1969-11-12 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O Percussion Ground-Burrowing Device.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3407884A (en) * 1962-11-23 1968-10-29 Zygmunt Kazimierz Two-way ground burrowing device
GB1170167A (en) * 1967-03-14 1969-11-12 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O Percussion Ground-Burrowing Device.

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3891036A (en) * 1973-08-11 1975-06-24 Tracto Technik Control arrangement for the forward and backward movement of percussive boring rams
US3995702A (en) * 1975-07-08 1976-12-07 Vladimir Vasilievich Klimashko Reversible pneumatic percussive device for making holes in ground by compaction
US4078619A (en) * 1975-10-01 1978-03-14 Boris Vasilievich Sudnishnikov Reversible air-operated apparatus of the percussive type for driving holes in ground by compacting same
US4221157A (en) * 1976-07-29 1980-09-09 Paul Schmidt Pneumatically operated percussion boring apparatus
US4171727A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-10-23 Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk S S S R Reversible, percussive device for ground perforation
US4121672A (en) * 1977-06-23 1978-10-24 Khaim Berkovich Tkach Reversing pneumatic percussive device
US4132277A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-01-02 Tupitsyn Konstantin K Pneumatic reversible impact device for driving holes in soil
US4214638A (en) * 1978-02-16 1980-07-29 Kamensky Veniamin V Method of controlling the reversing of a device for driving holes in earth and device for performing same
US4250972A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-02-17 Paul Schmidt Pneumatic ram boring device
US4537265A (en) * 1981-12-15 1985-08-27 British Telecommunications Self propelled reversible boring ram
US4733731A (en) * 1984-06-20 1988-03-29 Tkach Khaim B Air-operated reversible percussive action machine
US4662457A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-05-05 Allied Steel & Tractor Products, Inc. Reversible underground piercing device
US4872516A (en) * 1985-11-27 1989-10-10 Oklahoma Airrow, Inc. Air driven impact operated ground piercing tool
US5031706A (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-07-16 Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems Pneumopercussive soil penetrating machine
US5226487A (en) * 1990-02-07 1993-07-13 Mbs Advanced Engineering Systems Pneumopercussive machine
US5307883A (en) * 1990-03-09 1994-05-03 Terra Ag Method and apparatus for controlling a ramming device
US5193627A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-03-16 Terra Ag Apparatus for controlling a ramming device
US5117922A (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-06-02 Allied Steel & Tractor Products, Inc. Isolator assembly for a pneumatic underground piercing tool
US5086848A (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-02-11 Hudak Donald M Reversible impact hole driller and method of reversing
US5172771A (en) * 1990-11-06 1992-12-22 Charles Machine Works, Inc. Reversible impact-operated boring tool
US5311950A (en) * 1993-04-19 1994-05-17 Spektor Michael B Differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine
US5467831A (en) * 1994-08-22 1995-11-21 Spektor; Michael B. Monotube differential pneumopercussive reversible self-propelled soil penetrating machine with stabilizers
US5540294A (en) * 1995-02-14 1996-07-30 Anderberg Construction Company Vertical percussion ground boring tool apparatus and method
US6371220B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-04-16 Tracto-Technik - Paul Schmidt - Spezialmaschinen Pneumatically reversible ram drilling tool
US20060207794A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 Spektor Engineering Inc. Reversible penetrating machine with a springless pneumatically loaded differential air distributing mechanism
US7273113B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2007-09-25 Spektor Michael B Reversible penetrating machine with a differential air distributing mechanism
WO2009008844A1 (de) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Konek, S.R.O. Hydraulischer abbauhammer
US20100193212A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-08-05 Konek, S.R.O. Hydraulic pick
US8789617B2 (en) 2007-07-09 2014-07-29 Konek S.R.O. Hydraulic pick
CN102482917A (zh) * 2009-08-24 2012-05-30 Tracto技术有限责任两合公司 冲击钻设备
US20120228031A1 (en) * 2009-08-24 2012-09-13 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Ram boring device
US9016404B2 (en) * 2009-08-24 2015-04-28 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Ram boring device
CN102482917B (zh) * 2009-08-24 2016-01-13 Tracto技术有限责任两合公司 冲击钻设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1352042A (en) 1974-05-15
AU446345B1 (en) 1972-08-17
DE2105229B2 (de) 1977-06-02
NL7101792A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-15
NL166091B (nl) 1981-01-15
DE2105229A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-10
FR2126072A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-06
NL166091C (nl) 1981-06-15
BE763847A (fr) 1971-09-06

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