US3725844A - Hermaphroditic electrical contact - Google Patents

Hermaphroditic electrical contact Download PDF

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Publication number
US3725844A
US3725844A US00124088A US3725844DA US3725844A US 3725844 A US3725844 A US 3725844A US 00124088 A US00124088 A US 00124088A US 3725844D A US3725844D A US 3725844DA US 3725844 A US3725844 A US 3725844A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
assembly
housing
conductor
passage
wires
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00124088A
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English (en)
Inventor
Keown J Mc
S Gregoire
D Michel
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Amphenol Corp
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Bendix Corp
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Assigned to ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY reassignment ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE APRIL 1, 1985 Assignors: BENDIX CORPORATION, THE,
Assigned to CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE, NEW YORK AGENCY, AS AGENT reassignment CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE, NEW YORK AGENCY, AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMPHENOL CORPORATION
Assigned to AMPHENOL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment AMPHENOL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to AMPHENOL CORPORATION A CORP. OF DELAWARE reassignment AMPHENOL CORPORATION A CORP. OF DELAWARE RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/33—Contact members made of resilient wire
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S439/00—Electrical connectors
    • Y10S439/93—Coupling part wherein contact is comprised of a wire or brush

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Int. Cl. ..Il0lr 13/22, H011- 25/00
  • a hermaphrodmc type electrical connector assembly [58] Field of Search ..339/28, 29, 47, 48, 49, 75,
  • FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6
  • FIGURE 7 JAMES E. MCKEOWN STEPHEN E. GREGOIRE DONALD E. MICHEL INVENTORS TTORNEY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to electrical connector assemblies for connecting a first plurality of electrical conductors in predetermined circuit relationship with a second plurality of electrical conductors.
  • This invention is more particularly related to a method and apparatus for improving the electrical circuit relationship between the contact members of a connector assembly.
  • the invention is related to hermaphroditic contacts for multiple-conductor cable connectors.
  • the invention provides a new hermaphroditic-type of electrical contact.
  • the invention is an electrical connector assembly characterized by electrical contacts .which are comprised of a bundle of several burr-free wires having angled end portions. When the contact wires of each half of the connector assembly are in mated relationship, the bundled wires of one contact are intermingled with and in contact with the bundled wires of another contact, thereby establishing an electrical circuit relationship between the contacts.
  • the electrical contact comprises: an elongated conductor having an axial passage that includes an end passage portion that terminates in an openingat one end of the conductor and an interior passage portion, the end passage portion having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior passage portion, and a plurality of electrical conducting wires axially mounted in the axial passage of the elongated conductor and extending a predetermined distance beyond the end of the elongated conductor.
  • the electrical conducting wires are spaced from the wall of the end portion of the axial passage in the elongated conductor to permit the spreading of the wires within the end portion of the elongated conductor passage when the wires are in mated relationship with the wires of a similar electrical contact.
  • the wires of the connector assembly are characterized by the fact that they are burr-free and the end portions of each wire has an angled surface for facilitating the intermingling of the wire with other wires. 7
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a connector assembly showing a partial cross-section of the receptacle and plug that embody the objects of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a hermaphroditic electrical contact which characterizes this invention.
  • FIG.3 is a magnified view of one of the contact wires shown in FIGS. 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of electrical contacts, which embody the principles of this invention, in mated relationship.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of a hermaphroditic electrical contact which characterizes this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of still another preferred embodiment of a hermaphroditic electrical contact which characterizes this invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a double ended hermaphroditic electrical contact which embodies the principles of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a connector assembly that is comprised of a first assembly 1 and a second assembly 2, both of which embody the principles of the invention.
  • the first assembly 1 comprises a housing 8 having a plurality of passages 23, a plurality of ducts 21 and 22 disposed in the passages 23, and an electrical connector contact 1 l disposed in each of said ducts 21 and 22.
  • the housing 8 is generally comprised of a nonconducting material and may take any particular configuration.
  • the ducts 21 and 22 are disposed within the passages 23 in a predetermined manner so that some of the ducts 21 extend out of the passage 23 and other of the ducts 22 terminate within the passage 23. In this embodiment the position of the ducts 21 and 22 determine the male and female portion of the assembly 1.
  • each duct 21, 22 Located within each duct 21, 22 in an electrical contact 11 similar to that shown in FIG. 2.
  • the shoulder 17 of the electrical contact 11 assists in positioning the electrical contact 11 in its proper place within the duct 21, 22.
  • the electrical contact 1 1 is located in the ducts 21 that extend out of the passage 23 so that neither the housing 10 nor the wires 12 extend out of the duct 21.
  • the electrical conductor 5 that is to be connected to another conductor is in electrical circuit relationship with the electrical contact 1 1.
  • the second assembly 2 comprises a housing 9 having a plurality of passages 23 therein, a plurality of ducts 21 and 22 located in each of the housing passages 23, and an electrical contact 11 located in each of the 'ducts 21, 22.
  • the shape of the housing 9 and the arrangement of the passages 23 are identical to the first assembly housing and passage arrangement so that the ducts 21 and 22 may enter the passage 23 in assemblies 8 and 9 in a predetermined relationship.
  • the second assembly 2 there are a plurality of ducts 22 that terminate within the passage 23 of the second assembly 2. This is so the passages 23 may receive ducts 21 from the first assembly 1. There are also a plurality of ducts 21 that extend beyond the passage 23 for mating with the passages 23 in the first assembly 1.
  • each duct 21, 22 Located in each duct 21, 22 are electrical contacts 11. Extending beyond the duct 22 is a portion of the housing and wires 12 of the electrical contact 11 that will be inserted into the duct 21 when duct 21 is inserted into passage 23 of the second assembly 2.
  • a second conductor 6 is in circuit relationship with the electrical contact 11 so that when the first assembly 1 is in mated relationship with the second assembly 2, the wires 12 of the first and second assembly are intermingled with and in contact with each other whereby the first electrical conductor 5 is in electrical circuit relationship withsaid second electrical conductor 6.
  • this connector may also be used for connecting as few as two wires in electrical circuit relationship.
  • the first assembly 1 could be arranged such that all the ducts 21 and 22 terminate within the passages 23 making it a receptacle while all the ducts 21 and 22 located in the second assembly 2 may extend beyond the housing making it a plug.
  • the combination of male and female contacts in each assembly makes it possible to key one assembly to another so that only one mating relationship is possible.
  • the ducts 21 and 22 could be'eliminated from the assembly and the electrical contacts 11 placed directly into a housing; In this regard, resilient inserts, adapted to receive and locate the contacts 11 in a predetermined position would comprise the connector assembly.
  • the connector assembly In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
  • passages 23 and ducts 21 and 22 are used to align and 12 fill the inner portion B of the passage 13 and are crimped at one or morepoints 19 into place. However, they may be soldered or brazed into position so long as all of the wires 12 are in electrical circuit relationship with one another.
  • the end portion A of the passage 13 has a larger axial cross-sectional area than the axial cross-sectional area of the interior portion A of the' passage 13. This larger cross-sectional area provides a space between the wires 12 and theinner wall of the end portion of the passage 13 for the spreading of wires 12 in a radial direction.
  • the opening at the end portion of the passage 13 is chamfered inwardly to facilitate the passage of similar wires (not shown) into the end portion of the passage 13.
  • the distance D that the wires 12 extend beyond the housing 10 is less than the length of the end portion A of the housing passage 13. This will insure that when all wires 12 are in mated relationship with the wires of a similar contact they are surroundedby and supported by the housing 10. This confines the wires 12 to a given space and helps to prevent radical bending of the wires that prevents a wire from entering the passage 13 in the housing 10 when the contacts are placed in mated relationship.
  • FIG. 3 is a magnified view of one of the wires 12 that are mounted in a housing to accomplish the objects of this invention.
  • both ends of wire 12 have a tapered or an angled surface 3 to facilitate sliding movement upon contact with the wires of another connector.
  • the wire shown may be of any conducting material depending upon the strength and conductivity requirements.
  • An example of one preferred material is beryllium-copper wire having a silver coating thereon.
  • berylliumcopper it is preferred that for a housing 1 I, having an outside diameter of about 0.060 inches, that the wires 12 have a length of about 0.375 inches and a diameter of about 0.006 inches.
  • wires having a diameter less than 0.01 inches and greater than 0.001 inches are preferred.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates hermaphroditic contacts, similar to the one shown in FIG. 2, in mated relationship.
  • the end portions A of the housing passages 13 confine the intermingled wires 12 to a specific space.
  • the ends of each housing 10 contact each other, it is preferred that they do.
  • Such an arrangement prevents the buckling of the wires should an unusually high amount of axial force be exerted on the housings 10.
  • Each of the housings 10 include a second axial passage 14 for receiving an electrical conductor (not shown).
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a hermaphroditic electrical contact 11 which characterizes this invention.
  • the wires 12 are mounted in the axial passage 13 in the housing 10.
  • the axial passage 13 is of uniform cross-section and there is no end portion which is spaced from the wires mounted therein. This type of contact may be mated with the electrical contacts shown in FIGS. 2, 6 or 7 and with contacts identical to that shown in this figure.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of still another preferred embodiment of a hermaphroditic electrical contact which characterizes this invention.
  • the wires 12 do not extend beyond the end of the housing 10, but terminate at or within the housing 10.
  • the end portion of the passage 13 has a larger cross-section than the interior passage portion 8 for containing the wires 12 to a predetermined space when mated with the wires of another contact.
  • This type of contact is especially adapted to receive the contact shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 but may also receive the contact shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a double ended hermaphroditic electrical contact which embodies the principles of this invention.
  • the wires 12 of either end of the contact 11 can be mated with the contact wires 12 shown in FIGS. 2, 5, or 6 and with contacts identical to that shown in this figure.
  • a plurality of wires 12 are securely held in axial alignment with respect to each other by a conduit which permits the extension of the wires 12 from both ends of the conduit 10.
  • An electrical conductor can be attached to the contact at either end of the wires or to the conduit.
  • the conduit 10 could be eliminated and the wires 12 brazed or soldered together so that the wires form a bundle of generally parallel wires.
  • An electrical contact comprising:
  • each of said wires extending beyond the end of said conduit including an end portion that terminates in an acutely angled surface.
  • An electrical contact comprising:
  • an elongated electrical conductor having an axial passage that includes an end portion that terminates in an opening at one end of said conductor and an interior passage portion, the end portion of said passage having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior portion of said passage;
  • each of said wires extending beyond the end of said conductors includes an end portion that terminates in a tapered end.
  • An electrical connector assembly for connecting a first electrical conductor in predetermined electrical circuit relationship to a second electrical conductor, said connector assembly comprising:
  • a first assembly which includes:
  • duct disposed in said housing passage, said duct having a first end which extends beyond said housing;
  • an elongated conductor adapted to receive said first electrical conductor in one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that includes an end passage portion that terminates in an opening at one end of said conductor and an interior passage portion, the end passage portion having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior passage portion; and plurality of wires axially mounted in said axial passage and extending beyond the end of said conductor, said conductor mounted in said duct so that the end portion of said conductor, having said wires extending therefrom, does not extend out of the first end of said duct;
  • a second assembly which includes:
  • a housing having a passage therethrough, said passage adapted to receive the first end of said first assembly duct that extends beyond said first assembly housing;
  • duct disposed in said housing passage, said duct having a first end which terminates within said housing passage;
  • an elongated conductor adapted to receive said second electrical conductor in one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that includes an end passage portion that terminates in an opening at one of said conductor and an interior passage portion, the end passage portion having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior passage portion;
  • first assembly has at least one duct which terminates within a first housing passage which is also adapted to receive a duct from said second housing, and wherein said second housing includes at least one duct which extends beyond a second housing passage whereby said first and second assemblies include both male and female members.
  • An electrical connector assembly for connecting a first electrical conductor in predetermined electrical circuit relationship to a second electrical conductor, said connector assembly comprising:
  • a first assembly which includes:
  • an elongated conductor mounted in said housing passage and adapted to receive said first electrical conductor at one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that includes an end passage portion that terminates in an opening at the other end of said elongated conductor and an interior passage portion, the end passage portion having a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior passage portion;
  • a second assembly which includes:
  • a housing having a passage therethrough, said passage adapted to receive the wires of said first assembly that extends out of said first assembly housing passage;
  • an elongated conductor adapted to receive said second electrical conductor at one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that includes an end passage portion that terminates in an opening at the other end of said elongated conductor and an interior passage portion, the end passage portion having a crosssectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior passage portion;
  • a plurality of axially aligned wires axially mounted in said interior passage portion of said second assembly elongated conductor and extending through, out of, but spaced from the walls of the end passage portion of said elongated conductor, the other ends of said wires terminating in free ends each for which includes a tapered end portion, said elongated conductor mounted in said second assembly housing so that the end portion of said conductor, having said wires therein, terminates within the passage of said second assembly housing, so that when said first assembly is in.
  • the wires of said first and second assemblies are intermingled with and in contact with each other within the confines of said end portions of said elongated conductors of said first and second assemblies, whereby said first electrical conductor is in electrical circuit relationship with said second electrical conductor.
  • said first assembly has at least one elongated conductor which terminates ,within one of said first housing passages which is also adapted to receive an elongated conductor mounted in said second housing, and wherein said second housing includes at least one elongated conductor which extends beyond one of said second housing passages whereby said first and second assemblies include both male and female members.
  • An electrical connector assembly for connecting a first electrical conductor in predetermined electrical circuit relationship to a second electrical conductor, said connector assembly comprising:
  • a first assembly which includes: 7 i
  • an elongated conductor mounted in said housing passage and adapted to receive said first electrical conductor at one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that terminates in an opening at the other end of said conductor;
  • a second assembly which includes:
  • a housing having a passage therethrough, said passage adapted to receive the end of said elongated conductor that extends beyond said first assembly housing;
  • an elongated conductor adapted to receive said second electrical conductor at one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that includes an end passage portion that terminates in an opening at the other end of said elongated conductor and an interior passage portion, the endpassage portion having a cross sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the interior passage portion; and a plurality of axially aligned wires axially mounted in said interior passage portion and extending into but spaced from the inside walls of the end passage portion of said elongated conductor, said elongated conductor mounted in said second assembly housing so that the end portion of said conductor, having said wires extending therefrom, terminates within the passage of said second assembly housing, so that when said first assembly is in mated relationship with said second assembly the wires of said first and second assemblies are intermingled with and in contact with each other whereby said first electrical conductor is in electrical circuit relationship with said second electrical conductor.
  • each of said wires of said first and second assemblies includes a free end having a tapered end portion.
  • first assembly has at least one elongated conductor which terminates within one of said first housing passages which is also adapted to receive an elongated conductor mounted in said second housing, and wherein said second housing includes at least one elongated conductor which extends beyond one of said second housing passages whereby said first and second assemblies include both male and female members.
  • each of said wires of said first and second assemblies includes a free end having a tapered end portion.
  • each of said wires of said first and second assemblies includes a free end having a tapered end portion.
  • An electrical connector assembly for connecting a first electrical conductor in predetermined electrical circuit relationship to a second electrical conductor, said connector assembly comprising:
  • a first assembly which includes:
  • an elongated conductor mounted in said housing passage and adapted to receive said first electrical conductor at one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that terminates in an opening at the other end of said conductor;
  • a second assembly which includes:
  • a housing having a passage therethrough, said passage adaptedto receive the end of said elongated con'ductor of said first assembly
  • an elongated conductor adapted to receive said second electrical conductor at one end, said elongated conductor having an axial passage that tenninates in an opening at the other end of said conductor;
  • first assembly has at least one elongated conductor which terminates within one of said first housing passages which is also adapted to receive an elongated conductor mounted in said second housing, and wherein said second housing includes at least one elongated conductor which extends beyond one of said second housing passages whereby said first and second assemblies include both male and female members.
US00124088A 1971-03-15 1971-03-15 Hermaphroditic electrical contact Expired - Lifetime US3725844A (en)

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US12408871A 1971-03-15 1971-03-15

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JP (1) JPS5411914B1 (it)
CA (1) CA944832A (it)
CH (1) CH551087A (it)
DE (1) DE2212560C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2130235B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1373268A (it)
IL (1) IL38978A (it)
IT (1) IT950209B (it)
NL (1) NL170073C (it)

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DE2907584A1 (de) * 1978-03-06 1979-09-20 Bendix Corp Demontagewerkzeug fuer kontakte von elektrischen steckverbindern
FR2427702A1 (fr) * 1978-05-30 1979-12-28 Bendix Corp Contact electrique et son procede de fabrication
FR2432230A1 (fr) * 1978-07-28 1980-02-22 Bendix Corp Ensemble de connecteur electrique
DE2939474A1 (de) * 1978-10-02 1980-04-10 Bendix Corp Elektrischer steckverbinder
FR2438348A1 (fr) * 1978-10-02 1980-04-30 Bendix Corp Contact electrique pour connecteur electrique
US4206958A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-06-10 The Bendix Corporation Electrical conductor having an integral electrical contact
US4242790A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-01-06 The Bendix Corporation Method of making an electrical connector contact
US4253234A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-03-03 The Bendix Corporation Method of making electrical contact
EP0027087A1 (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-04-15 The Bendix Corporation Integral electrical contact and method of making an integral electrical contact
US4265505A (en) * 1978-02-02 1981-05-05 The Bendix Corporation Electrical connector
US4266843A (en) * 1979-09-24 1981-05-12 The Bendix Corporation Insulation displacing electrical contact and method of making same
US4270825A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-06-02 The Bendix Corporation Electrical connector assembly
US4272150A (en) * 1979-09-24 1981-06-09 The Bendix Corporation Electrical contact for an electrical connector
EP0037769A2 (en) * 1980-04-04 1981-10-14 The Bendix Corporation Electrical connector assembly and method for making an electrical connector assembly
EP0041032A2 (en) * 1980-05-27 1981-12-02 The Bendix Corporation Apparatus for continuous production of electrical brush contacts
EP0041031A2 (en) * 1980-05-27 1981-12-02 The Bendix Corporation Apparatus for simultaneously producing a plurality of wire segments having acute angled ends from a plurality of wires
EP0043749A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-13 The Bendix Corporation Electrical pin-type contact
US4312125A (en) * 1979-12-03 1982-01-26 The Bendix Corporation Method and apparatus for automatically inserting an electrical contact into an electrical connector
US4356626A (en) * 1979-12-03 1982-11-02 The Bendix Corporation Apparatus for automatically inserting an electrical contact into an electrical connector
US4365412A (en) * 1979-10-09 1982-12-28 The Bendix Corporation Method of making an electrical connector assembly
US4378823A (en) * 1980-04-04 1983-04-05 The Bendix Corporation Method and apparatus for untwisting and cutting twisted cable
EP0078723A1 (en) * 1981-10-29 1983-05-11 The Bendix Corporation Brush contact electrical connector
US4390221A (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-06-28 The Bendix Corporation Modular connector assembly having an electrical contact
US4392703A (en) * 1978-03-27 1983-07-12 The Bendix Corporation Electrical conductor having an integral electrical contact
US4417395A (en) * 1978-03-27 1983-11-29 The Bendix Corporation Method of making an electrical conductor having an integral electrical contact
US4507858A (en) * 1981-11-24 1985-04-02 Allied Corporation Apparatus for making an electrical contact
US4518213A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-05-21 Allied Corporation One piece hermaphroditic contact for an electrical connector and a method of making the contact
US4993957A (en) * 1988-08-17 1991-02-19 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Contact pin
US5137461A (en) * 1988-06-21 1992-08-11 International Business Machines Corporation Separable electrical connection technology
US5185073A (en) * 1988-06-21 1993-02-09 International Business Machines Corporation Method of fabricating nendritic materials
US5298685A (en) * 1990-10-30 1994-03-29 International Business Machines Corporation Interconnection method and structure for organic circuit boards
JPH0831342B2 (ja) 1988-06-21 1996-03-27 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション 電気接続部材
US20090203253A1 (en) * 2008-02-12 2009-08-13 Chaojiong Zhang Contact Terminal With Self-Adjusting Contact Surface
US20100210151A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-19 Amphenol Corporation Electrical contacts
CN106025695A (zh) * 2016-05-20 2016-10-12 中航光电科技股份有限公司 一种电连接器及使用该电连接器的电连接器组件
US9722041B2 (en) 2012-09-19 2017-08-01 Vishay-Siliconix Breakdown voltage blocking device
WO2019195106A1 (en) * 2018-04-03 2019-10-10 Corning Research & Development Corporation Hermaphroditic hybrid optical cables and connectors

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CA1104692A (en) * 1977-12-22 1981-07-07 Theodore L. Wilklow Electrical connector contact comprising a plurality of wires and method of making it
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Cited By (47)

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US4265505A (en) * 1978-02-02 1981-05-05 The Bendix Corporation Electrical connector
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7203409A (it) 1972-09-19
DE2212560A1 (de) 1972-09-21
FR2130235B1 (it) 1977-04-01
NL170073C (nl) 1982-09-16
CH551087A (fr) 1974-06-28
DE2212560C2 (de) 1982-03-11
FR2130235A1 (it) 1972-11-03
CA944832A (en) 1974-04-02
IL38978A0 (en) 1972-05-30
JPS5411914B1 (it) 1979-05-18
IT950209B (it) 1973-06-20
NL170073B (nl) 1982-04-16
IL38978A (en) 1974-11-29
GB1373268A (en) 1974-11-06

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