US3725650A - Method and arrangement for optically representing industrial management data - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for optically representing industrial management data Download PDF

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Publication number
US3725650A
US3725650A US00072332A US3725650DA US3725650A US 3725650 A US3725650 A US 3725650A US 00072332 A US00072332 A US 00072332A US 3725650D A US3725650D A US 3725650DA US 3725650 A US3725650 A US 3725650A
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arrangement according
quantities
signals
production
computer
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F Gelder
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
    • G07C3/08—Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time
    • G07C3/12—Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time in graphical form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/20—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising with luminescent surfaces or parts
    • G09F13/22—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising with luminescent surfaces or parts electroluminescent
    • G09F2013/227—Electroluminescent displays for vehicles

Definitions

  • F'eld of f 307/3113 worker are applied to computers for deriving electric 313/108 250/217 324/ 235/l5l signals characterizing the operation with regard to efficiency, profitableness,etc.
  • Indicator boards are pro- [561 References cued vided having electroluminescent strips or discs, or UNITED STATES PATENTS cathode ray tubes the extent of the luminous portions of which are controlled by the computers. 3,327,163 6/l967 Blank ..340/166 EL X 3,205,403 9/1965 Schwertz ..313/108 X 25 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures Max.
  • the invention relates to a method for optically representing data characterizing a production process and to an arrangement for performing the method.
  • data characterizing a production process such as an industrial process or other operation or a quantity which has been derived from such data with the aid of calculators, preferably an electronically controlled calculator, such as a computer
  • the signals are applied to a digitally controllable optical display unit such as an electroluminescent device, and cause the same to respond to and indicate the magnitudes of the quantities.
  • a digitally controllable optical display unit comprising an electroluminescent device having at least one element which is responsive to produce an electroluminescent output signal of variable magnitude and which responds directly or indirectly to a digital signalgenerating means, each element being provided with a scale for the corresponding quantity.
  • the digitally controlled optical display unit is a luminescent screen device, such as a conventional TV image tube, the input circuit of which is connected, preferably via an encoder, to the calculator, the control circuits of the tube being arranged to supply electrical signals for displaying the magnitude of a quantity representing a characteristic of an industrial process or an optical signal corresponding to such magnitude.
  • electroluminescent strips consists in that they can be controlled digitally from a computer. Also, adjacent strips produce indications that are easily compared, and the range of electroluminescent response is capable of relatively fine subdivimen.
  • the representation may also be in the form of strips on a luminescent screen, i.e. on a TV image-reproducing tube. This provides, in addition, a possibility of recording and displaying diagrams, charts, symbols and characters and to illustrate the time variations .of
  • FIG. I shows an arrangement for representing productivity
  • FIG. 2 is a modification thereof
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement adapted for production planning
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement for representing production data in connection with cost calculation and marketing
  • FIG. 5 is an arrangement adapted for capacity planning
  • FIG. 6 is an arrangement comprising an oscillograph
  • FIG. 7 is a modified form including a TV apparatus
  • FIG. 8 is an arrangement with two image screens.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an arrangement for representing the characteristic quantity productivity" of an industrial production process.
  • the productivity is a characteristic data or quantity which is derived from other data such as the types and quantities of products as well as the number of working hours used for their production, and it is usually indicated as a percentage.
  • the arrangement comprises an indicator board which may have a number of electroluminescent devices, or cathode ray tubes, such as conventional TV tubes thereon. In the embodiment shown, there are provided a number of electroluminescent strips 3.
  • the luminescent strips may be of the type referred to in the magazine Flugwelt" 19 (1967), No. 9, page 638, published by Krausskopf-Flugwelt-Verlang GmbI-I.
  • a calculator or computer 26' preferably of the electronic type, and the output signals of which are applied as input signals to the strips.
  • markings indicating fields or categories of production such as departments of an enterprise, premium or bonus groups, accounting information, e.g'. accounting sections, etc. for the various strips 3.
  • accounting information e.g'. accounting sections, etc. for the various strips 3.
  • a scale may be provided on the board for enabling reading of numerical values therefrom.
  • Optical alarm signals 13 are provided, which are activated when a quantity decreases below a predetermined value, such as an average or a minimum.
  • the instantaneous values may be correlated with values stored in the calculator and derived from indications of the indicating device during the foregoing comparison intervals.
  • digital representation for instance, by means of digital counting tubes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the arrangement, in which the indicating devices comprise disc-type elements. According to the magnitude of the quantity to be represented, a greater or lesser sector is rendered luminescent in response to the output signal of the computer.
  • FIG. 3 shows the combination of two arrangements adapted for production planning.
  • An indicator board I is provided with a number of pairs of strips 30, 3b and with a pair of marginal fields 5, 6.
  • Field 5 contains a tabulation of the machines used in the company or plant and field 6 contains a time scale.
  • Strip 3b may show the total running time of a machine, whereas strip 3a shows the time during which the machine was loaded or not idling.
  • a second board 2 with electroluminescent strips 3 is located adjacent to the first one and is provided in a marginal field 7 with designations of the products produced by the machines and in a second marginal field 8 also with a time scale.
  • the indicating devices of both boards are controlled by a computer 26 to which there may be applied input signals indicative of the quantities of different products via a digital signal generator 9 in combination with an encoder.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement serving to facilitate cost calculation or analysis and to make it possible to perform such operations more rapidly than was heretofore possible, and to facilitate taking steps to modify marketing procedure.
  • An indicator board 1 is divided into two regions 10 and 11 having corresponding scales for indicating production volume, turnover, sales or the like and for indicating marginal cost 11.
  • the electroluminescent strips 3 are continuous but preferably separate for the two fields and are paired together, each lower pair 3e, 3f being connected to the output side of the corresponding upper pair 30, 3d.
  • the lower scale may be provided with symbols designating representatives or agents districts corresponding to the lower pairs.
  • the strips serve to indicate desired (nominal or theoretical) values as well as actual values of production volume, turnover etc., 3c, 3d, as well as of the marginal cost 3e, 3f and are controlled by a computer. It is obvious that a greater number than two of coordinated strips could be provided, which might differ from each other in width and/or color or the like to facilitate distinguishing them from each other.
  • FIG. 5 shows another combination of two arrangements which facilitates the capacity planning of an enterprise in a very much simplified and rationalized manner.
  • a pair of indicator boards 1, 2 are provided, one of which has a plurality of pairs of strips 3g, 3h,.as well as a time scale 14.
  • the pairs of strips correspond to locations or operating units or the likefand the strips themselves indicate the desired (nominal or theoretical) and the actual value of the degree of utilization, such as the number of persons or machines assigned to a work, rate of output, or the like of the operating equipment or personnel of the locations or units.
  • the strips are preferably controlled by a computer 26, as are also the strips 3i and 3k of the second board, there being applied to computer 26 the required input values, which are processed therein and transformed into output signals.
  • the second board 2 is also provided with a time scale 12, which may indicate chronologically dates and/or weekdays and/or months. Provided in one field of board 2 are designations of various products corresponding to strips 3i, 3k, the
  • strips showing the desired (nominal) and the actual amount of time spent in production The embodiment shown possesses only pairs of strips 3i and 3k. However, it is just as possible, if several shifts are operating, to provide a corresponding number of strips for each product designation as well as an arrangement for indicating the desired (nominal) and the actual value for each shift.
  • the strips may be of different construction, such as of different widths, colors or the like. For instance, all strips indicating actual values may be of the same type.
  • FIG. 6 shows an arrangement in which the display unit for optically displaying data or quantities representing characteristic features of a production process comprises an oscillograph 15 and a computer 26 connected thereto.
  • the connection may be direct, but in the embodiment shown there is inserted between the computer and oscillograph 15 an encoder 16.
  • the computer has stored therein all data that may be of interest, such as production and other quantities and amounts, work hours, machine or equipment capacities, prices, prime costs and the like together with corresponding programs and instructions which may represent the organization of a production process, time planning, pre-planning and so on.
  • To represent or display the data of interest on the image screen 17 of the oscillograph they are processed in the computer and transformed into electric signals, such as pulse sequences, which are supplied to the control circuits of the oscillograph.
  • the computer supplies its output to an encoder 16, which performs a further processing and supplies its output signal to the control circuit of the image screen device.
  • Decoder 16 is preferably provided with a repeating device, such as an endless magnetic tape storage device, to make it possible to repeat indefinitely the input signals supplied to the control circuits.
  • the electric signals which may be pulse sequences, are rendered visible on image screen 17 as optical signals, which may take the form of lines 18 of a length corresponding to the measure of the corresponding data or quantity to be represented.
  • lines 18 can be displayed simultaneously to the human eye. Since most oscillograph screens are provided with a raster pattern 19, this can be used as a reference scale for measuring the displayed quantities.
  • FIG. 7 shows a modified arrangement, in which a T.V. apparatus 20 is used as an image screen device, on the screen 17 of which a measure of the data or quantity characterizing an industrial or other process is displayed in the form of optical signals such as lines 18, beams 21 or the like. It is also possible to represent a quantity as a number or numeral 22 or to bring a corresponding legend to luminescence.
  • the computer or the encoder 16, which is preferably connected thereto may in this case also be provided with a repeating unit and gives off electrical signals, such as pulse sequences, forming a video signal which is applied to the input control circuit of the apparatus. The pulse sequence is put together by the computer in accordance with the In any case, there is obtained a clear and easily evaluated representation of a number of quantities or corresponding optical displays, which are distinguished by different colors and are therefore easily grouped together.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment having two image screens 17 and which is particularly suitable for conference purposes.
  • the computer 26 and/or encoder 16 applies to the control circuits of an image screen device 23, electric signals such as pulse sequences, in the manner already describeds
  • the representation of data may be in the form of lines 18, beams 21, numbers, numerals, letters or symbols 22. However, it is also possible to represent the time variation of data as a linear graph 24 or a shaded area 25.
  • the image device is adapted for reproducing different colors, displays of particular interest can be either repeated once more or be represented separately on the second screen. Both screens can be of the type used in color television receivers.
  • the two screens can be adapted to desired type of T.V. representation.
  • T.V. apparatus is capable of reproducing colors, data or quantities of particular interest, such as monthly balances, total productivity figures, optimal prices or the like could be made to stand out by means of differently colored optical signals. If no composite colors are used, this, of course, simplifies the control process of the apparatus.
  • predetermined sections of the screen may be arranged for predetermined sections of the screen to emit optical signals of a corresponding color.
  • the incoming electrical signal may be automatically supplied to the electron gun corresponding to a preselected color to be used and to activate the gun to produce the optical signal when the corresponding image point falls in the desired section of the screen, such as the last hundred lines thereof.
  • the tube may be provided with a screen having at least one section thereof provided with different phosphors for emitting different colors.
  • the optical signals corresponding to months could be displayed on a section of the screen which has a phosphor of conventional TV type and makes the corresponding signals appear in white or slightly bluish color
  • the data corresponding to years are represented by points, for instance, in the section comprising the last 50 lines, which may comprise a phosphor of the type used in oscillographs, so as to make these image points appear green.
  • the arrangement therefore, makes it possible to obtain a modern, easily interpreted display of data representing production or other processes to the exclusion of human error. Owing to the great storage capacity and calculating speed of the computer, it is possible to represent to the viewer a large number of data in a minimum of time.
  • the enterprise produces n products X X X,, with the aid of m production facilities V,, V V,,,.
  • production facilities is to be taken in its broadest sense and includes machines, personnel, raw materials, intermediate products, electric energy, storage space, transport vehicles, etc.
  • the price includes different values of the components which together constitute the price quotation: variable cost, fixed cost and profit. The first two together form the prime cost and the last two the marginal cost.
  • Variable cost includes, for example, the cost of electric energy, raw materials, proportionate wages, etc.
  • Fixed cost which includes, for example, depreciation of equipment, rents, insurances, fixed wages, etc., remains unchanged regardless of whether equipment or labor is used productively or not.
  • the totality of these equations constitutes an optimum model, especially a maximum profit model or minimum cost model indicating how the production should be planned. It is possible to arrive'at values for the several variables by solving the usually very large number of equations of the optimummodel obtained by known linear programming methods, preferably by means of a computer, to which there is fed the mathematical program for solving the system of equations as well as the input data representing the known properties of the production, such as capacities, profits of products, fixed costs, marketing considerations, etc.
  • the marginal cost value supplied to the computer is, on the one hand, the so-calied planned marginal cost obtained from the planned cost accounting or from a roughly estimated production program and, on the other hand, the actual marginal cost which is obtained as the difference between the effective net product sales and the product-variable costs. This is done since the quotation prices of the product arrived at by the cost accounting (with the product costs calculated by the cost accounting) usually do not correspond to the established actual product market prices which may differ also because of competitive grounds.
  • the product line formed of a number of different products is not permanent but, because of numerous influencing factors may be, and rationally should be, varied, it is advantageous as contemplated by the invention to indicate the actual marginal cost per product as well as its planned marginal cost not only as a mathematical but also as an optical (i.e. visual) magnitude. If the actual marginal costs are shown visually to be larger than the planned marginal cost of the products, an immediate overall visual survey meaningfully indicates not only the particularly profitable products, but also those products which, as a general rule, may be sold cheaper by the difference between the actual marginal cost and the planned marginal cost or those which, with their already wellestablished prices, particularly contribute to the profit buildup of the enterprise and therefore their production and sale should be encouraged.
  • the apparatus described by way of example visually and digitally shows to what extent does the total profit of the enterprise increase if the available production capacities are fully balanced.
  • Such result is obtained principally because, subsequent to covering the total actual fixed cost, the excess of the marginal cost values of the products gives the actual profit of the enterprise for the planned or computer-calculated optimal production program.
  • These data are also optically and digitally visible.
  • the invention assists in a particular manner the product line planning and production planning for a maximum profit.
  • the so called transporting method and thereamong preferably the so-called Hungarian Method is very rapid; it requires only one-tenth of the calculating period compared with other solving processes.
  • the so-called Hungarian Method as a variant of the so-called transporting method is described in detail particularly in H. C. Joksch: Lineares Programmieren, Tubingen, 1965, pp. 159-167.
  • the computer calculates optimal values of the quantities of different products, it may be programmed to derive therefrom the degree of utilization of the corresponding production facilities. This makes it possible to ascertain if adjustment of the running program should be made, e.g. it may turn out that one produc tion unit can do the job originally envisaged for two units.
  • a visual inspection of the board may indicate that a correction should be made in the data or the program supplied to the computer, and the result of such an alteration will then be immediately visible.
  • the solution of a model of this type of problem can be found preferably by means of the aforenoted Hungarian' Method, described in the cited reference.
  • the result is a set of output values from the computer that may be represented on the indicator board of the present invention.
  • production process is, therefore, to be taken in its broadest sense to include'the production not only of material products but of any kind of effort or work, such as transportation work.
  • a method of monitoring a production process by optically representing industrial management data characterizing the production process comprising the steps of: v
  • a system for monitoring a production process by optically representing industrial management data characterizing the production process comprising:
  • a general purpose computer including means responsive to data characterizing quantity and cost figures related to individual products and manufacturing steps on the products during the operation of a process for obtaining a quantity derived from said data
  • signal-deriving means responsive to said data responsive means for deriving an electrical signal representing said quantity.
  • a digitally controllable optical display unit responsive to said electrical signal to produce an optical signal and further including an additional digitally controllable optical display unit responsive to a switching unit for transforming said electrical signals into secondary signals representing a re-arrangement of said optical signals to provide a visual display of utilization of production capacity.
  • the display comprise units an electroluminescent element having a luminescent area of controllable extent and a scale for measuring said extent.
  • An arrangement according to claim 10, comprising a plurality of electroluminescent elements of different shape.
  • An arrangement according to claim 10, comprising a plurality of electroluminescent elements of different colors.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
US00072332A 1969-09-15 1970-09-15 Method and arrangement for optically representing industrial management data Expired - Lifetime US3725650A (en)

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AT873569A AT286004B (de) 1969-09-15 1969-09-15 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur optischen Darstellung betriebswirtschaftlicher Größen

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2347658A1 (fr) * 1976-04-09 1977-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Appareil d'affichage de donnees de production
US4797839A (en) * 1983-08-13 1989-01-10 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Resource allocation system and method
US4831242A (en) * 1985-09-12 1989-05-16 Bally Manufacturing Corporation Control system for health club facilities and equipment
US4937743A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-06-26 Intellimed Corporation Method and system for scheduling, monitoring and dynamically managing resources
US4947350A (en) * 1985-04-01 1990-08-07 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Tactical routing system and method
US5016170A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-14 Pollalis Spiro N Task management
US5392226A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-02-21 Icom, Inc. Computer-implemented method and apparatus for monitoring statistical process control data
US5440681A (en) * 1990-07-20 1995-08-08 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for display and interactive modification of the tasks in a production plan
US6370509B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2002-04-09 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. Three-dimensional production schedule display for computer-implemented production management system
US6462736B1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2002-10-08 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. System and method providing a three-Dimensional display of values relative to comparison values
US20030120577A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-26 Hiroshi Sakui Business performance index processing system
DE102006026997A1 (de) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Form & Function Entwicklungs- Und Fertigungs Gmbh Verfahren zur Erfassung von Arbeitszeiten einer Werkzeugmaschine sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US8589227B1 (en) 2004-03-26 2013-11-19 Media Management, Incorporated Method and system for reconciling advertising invoices and for providing prompt payment therefor

Citations (10)

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US3149281A (en) * 1958-06-26 1964-09-15 Int Standard Electric Corp Electroluminescent voltage measuring device
US3205403A (en) * 1957-02-04 1965-09-07 Xerox Corp Electroluminescent display systems
US3327163A (en) * 1965-11-02 1967-06-20 Gen Telephone & Elect Electroluminescent bar graph indicator
US3328790A (en) * 1964-08-05 1967-06-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Display devices
US3351937A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-07 Solartron Electronic Group Data-display apparatus
US3376452A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-04-02 Mid Continent Mfg Co Circular electroluminescent display device
US3469252A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-09-23 North American Rockwell Integrated bar graph display having interrupt control
US3475599A (en) * 1965-03-30 1969-10-28 Leeds & Northrup Co Process measurement system for basic oxygen refining of steel
US3531795A (en) * 1967-09-20 1970-09-29 Sanders Associates Inc Bar-type display
US3565606A (en) * 1967-06-27 1971-02-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for controlling carbon removal in a basic oxygen furnace

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3205403A (en) * 1957-02-04 1965-09-07 Xerox Corp Electroluminescent display systems
US3149281A (en) * 1958-06-26 1964-09-15 Int Standard Electric Corp Electroluminescent voltage measuring device
US3328790A (en) * 1964-08-05 1967-06-27 Sylvania Electric Prod Display devices
US3376452A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-04-02 Mid Continent Mfg Co Circular electroluminescent display device
US3475599A (en) * 1965-03-30 1969-10-28 Leeds & Northrup Co Process measurement system for basic oxygen refining of steel
US3351937A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-07 Solartron Electronic Group Data-display apparatus
US3327163A (en) * 1965-11-02 1967-06-20 Gen Telephone & Elect Electroluminescent bar graph indicator
US3469252A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-09-23 North American Rockwell Integrated bar graph display having interrupt control
US3565606A (en) * 1967-06-27 1971-02-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for controlling carbon removal in a basic oxygen furnace
US3531795A (en) * 1967-09-20 1970-09-29 Sanders Associates Inc Bar-type display

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2347658A1 (fr) * 1976-04-09 1977-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Appareil d'affichage de donnees de production
US4797839A (en) * 1983-08-13 1989-01-10 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Resource allocation system and method
US4947350A (en) * 1985-04-01 1990-08-07 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Tactical routing system and method
US4831242A (en) * 1985-09-12 1989-05-16 Bally Manufacturing Corporation Control system for health club facilities and equipment
US4937743A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-06-26 Intellimed Corporation Method and system for scheduling, monitoring and dynamically managing resources
US5016170A (en) * 1988-09-22 1991-05-14 Pollalis Spiro N Task management
US5440681A (en) * 1990-07-20 1995-08-08 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for display and interactive modification of the tasks in a production plan
US5392226A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-02-21 Icom, Inc. Computer-implemented method and apparatus for monitoring statistical process control data
US6370509B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2002-04-09 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. Three-dimensional production schedule display for computer-implemented production management system
US6462736B1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2002-10-08 I2 Technologies Us, Inc. System and method providing a three-Dimensional display of values relative to comparison values
US20030120577A1 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-26 Hiroshi Sakui Business performance index processing system
US8589227B1 (en) 2004-03-26 2013-11-19 Media Management, Incorporated Method and system for reconciling advertising invoices and for providing prompt payment therefor
DE102006026997A1 (de) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Form & Function Entwicklungs- Und Fertigungs Gmbh Verfahren zur Erfassung von Arbeitszeiten einer Werkzeugmaschine sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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DE2032883A1 (de) 1971-04-01
ZA706298B (en) 1971-09-29
AT286004B (de) 1970-11-25
NL7013530A (de) 1971-03-17

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