US3723209A - Method for increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of aluminuum alloy articles - Google Patents

Method for increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of aluminuum alloy articles Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3723209A
US3723209A US00133562A US3723209DA US3723209A US 3723209 A US3723209 A US 3723209A US 00133562 A US00133562 A US 00133562A US 3723209D A US3723209D A US 3723209DA US 3723209 A US3723209 A US 3723209A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
rubbing surface
particles
rubbing
aluminum alloy
exposed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00133562A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
T Sekiguchi
A Hamada
Y Ohnishi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resonac Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Showa Denko KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Showa Denko KK filed Critical Showa Denko KK
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3723209A publication Critical patent/US3723209A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of articles made of aluminum alloys, and especially of the inside surface of engine cylinder or its liner made of Al-Si-Mg alloy.
  • a method for enhancing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of hypereutectic silicon aluminum alloy is disclosed in U.S. Pat. 3,333,579.
  • Said method comprises preferentially removing aluminum metal from a surface layer of a hypereutectic silicon aluminum alloy article by a mechanical or chemical process to expose particles of silicon protruding above the surrounding alloy surface, and then mechanically polishing the protruding silicon surface.
  • this method is applicable only to hypereutectic silicon aluminum alloy. Since the amount of silicon exposed on the surface varies depending on the degree of removal of aluminum, quality control of the resulting surface condition is extremely difiicult. Further, delicate techniques are required for smoothing the exposed silicon protrusions.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a rubbing surfaces on aluminum alloy articles that possess excellent wear resistance by means of a method which can be carried out easily and effectively.
  • This object may be attained according to this invention by a process which comprises the steps of dispersing fine particles of magnesium silicide or lead dichloride in a ice melted aluminum alloy, casting the melted alloy into a shaped article, polishing a rubbing surface of said article to expose some of the dispersed particles thereon, and removing the substance of the exposed particles out of the rubbing surface layer by washing it with an inorganic acid solution to leave fine exposed hollows as oil pools in the rubbing surface layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a enlarged schematic sectional view of rubbing surface layer in the basic embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is another enlarged schematic sectional view of rubbing surface layer in another modified embodiment of the present invention.
  • Al-Si-Mg alloy containing 5 to 30% silicon and 3 to 15% magnesium can be used as the casting metal.
  • Other similar alloys containing several percents of other element or elements, e.g., copper, in addition to the above-mentioned elements can be used for the same purpose.
  • fine particles of magnesium silicide Mg Si are formed when the magnesium content is sufficent, and they exit uniformly dispersed in the alloy as seen in FIG. 1 as the numeral 3. The diameter of such particles is approximately between 5 and microns.
  • a smooth rubbing surface 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is formed, and some of the fine particles 3 of magnesium silicide existing in the surface layer 2 are exposed in the surface.
  • the exposed particles are removed by a chemical treatment, there remain numerous fine hollows 3a on the surface layer 2.
  • an aqueous solution of inorganic acid such as nitric acid, chromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, in suitable concentration is used.
  • inorganic acid such as nitric acid, chromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid
  • oxidizing acid the surface of the aluminum alloy is passivated by this washing, and the alloy itself does not dissolve in the above-mentioned washing agent.
  • non-oxidizing acid the surface of the aluminum alloy dissolves slightly in the washing solution.
  • magnesium silicide is much larger than that of the aluminum alloy, there occurs no problem about this matter.
  • the necessary time of this washing varies in accordance with the kind and concentration of acid used.
  • the total surface area of the exposed hollows must occupy 5 to 50% of the whole area of the rubbing surface.
  • the fine hollows must be of an adequate size range. According to the experimental results, it has been made clear that, when the size of the hollows is in the range of 10 to 50 microns in diameter, the most adequate lubrication can be achieved. It also has been found that within the above-mentioned proportion range of silicon and magnesium in the aluminum alloy, satisfactory re sults are obtained.
  • lead dichloride is used as the substance for the fine particles dispersed in the metal matrix instead of magnesium silicide.
  • any aluminum metal can be used as the casting metal.
  • an aluminum alloy is melted, and 2 to 10% of fine particles of lead dichloride (PbCI is added to the melt at a temperature lower than 800 C., and the melt is stirred well so as to effect uniform dispersion of the added particles. Since the density of lead dichloride is greater than that of aluminum alloys, the melt must be thoroughly stirred, otherwise the particles will settle. It must be noticed that lead dichloride is reduced to metallic lead by decomposition when it is heated at a temperature of 800 C. or more. Further, when the additive amount of lead dichlorate is less than 2%, the increasing effect of wear resistance is not noticeable. On the other hand, when the amount of lead dichloride added is more than 10%, the excess lead dichlorate over 10% will settle down in the bottom part of vessel. The size of the dispersed particles is approximately 30 microns.
  • the melted aluminum alloy containing dispersed lead dichloride particles is cast into a shaped article, and the rubbing surface thereof is made smooth by polishing, whereby the rubbing surface, in which some of fine lead dichloride particles are exposed, is prepared as in the case of the first embodiment of this invention.
  • the particles also are represented by 3 in FIG. 1.
  • This surface is washed with the same kind of aqueous solution of inorganic acid as aforesaid, or else with hot water of about 60 C., and lead dichloride forming the particles is removed from the surface layer, dissolving in the washing liquor.
  • oil pools are formed in the same way as in the first embodiment.
  • a method which combines the feature of this invention with a known technique is provided.
  • There are known methods for improving cylinder and ring surfaces which have been proposed in the prior art. One of them comprises crosshatching and honing the contact surface of cylinders and piston rings made of cast iron, but such method has not been used effectively for those made of aluminum alloy. However, when such method is combined with the method of the present invention, wear resistance of the rubbing surface of aluminum alloy is markedly improved.
  • FIG. 2 shows the aspect of such combination.
  • the rubbing surface 1 of an article made of an aluminum alloy is honed with a rough grade grind-stone on the bias.
  • numerous parallel grooves 4 of medium size which have depth of 10 to 20 microns.
  • cross-hatched screw grooves 5 as large grooves, approximately 20 microns in depth, may be provided on the rubbing surface by means of a lathe or other machine tool.
  • grooves of small size 6 which have a depth of 5 to 7 microns may be provided in a direction different from the previously provided medium size grooves by means of a fine grade grind-stone.
  • the angle between the grooves and the cross section of the cylinder is, for instance, 40 for the medium size grooves and 60 for the small size grooves, and the effect is more remarkable when the angle of the small grooves is greater than that of the medium size grooves.
  • These grooves are communicated with the minute spaces occupied by the dispersed particles 3 of magnesium silicide or lead dichloride which are produced in accordance with the above-mentioned feature of this invention.
  • prepared surface layer is washed with any of the above-mentioned leaching agent, and the substance filled in the exposed particles and connected particles with the grooves is removed and oil pools with enlarged and transformed void space as shown in FIG. 2 are provided.
  • these grooves are ineffective when they alone are provided on the rubbing surface of an engine cylinder made of aluminum alloy, but the grooves communicated with the fine hollows as above can improve the wear resistance of the rubbing surface.
  • This invention can be worked in a following modified form, too.
  • a machined rubbing surface is treated with an inorganic acid solution which contains a watersoluble salt of a metal, the ionization tendency of which is smaller than that of aluminum, not only the exposed magnesium silicide or lead chloride particles are removed, but also the metal of the added salt deposits on all the surface and the inside surface of hollow and grooves.
  • the salts suitable for this purpose are water-soluble salts of Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sn, B, etc. Preferred concentration of such a salt in a leaching solution is 10 to 50% or thereabout.
  • the hollows and grooves having the thus formed porous meallic deposit have improved, resulting in further increased Wear resistance of the rubbing surface.
  • wear resistance of the rubbing surface of aluminum alloy articles can be increased by a very simple process. Significance of this invention is especially great in the field of manufacturing engine cylinders or liners of aluminum alloy.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Cylinder sleeves of the automobile were cast using an alloy consisting of 20% Si, 5% Mg, 4% Cu and Al remainder. The microscopic examination of the machined inside surface thereof showed that the average diameter of the exposed particles of Mg Si was 20 microns, and total area of the surface of the exposed particles was about 30% of the whole surface area. By washing the inside surface of the cylinders with a 25% aqueous solution of nitric acid for 20 minutes, almost all exposed magnesium silicide was removed.
  • EXAMPLE 2 To the melt of a high silicon aluminum alloy consisting of 20% Si, 4% Cu, 1% Mg, 1% Fe, 1% Mn and Al remainder, 5% of fine powder of PbCl was added and the melt was stirred well at 800 C., and then cylinder sleeves of the automobile were cast from this melt. The castings were soaked in hot water of C. for 30 minutes, and the machined inner surface thereof was furnished with a numerous number of minute hollows which have openings on the surface. Microscopic examination revealed that the average diameter of these hollows was 25 microns, the average depth was 20 microns, and the total surface area of these hollows was 20% of the whole surface. 7
  • Cylinder liners for an automobile were cast with a high silicon aluminum alloy consisting of 20% Si, 4% Cu, 6% Mg, 2% Mn and Al remainder, and the inside surfaces were finished to predetermined dimensions. On the surfaces there existed numerous exposed particles of Mg Si under the same condition as in Example 1.
  • a plurality of medium size grooves about 20 microns in depth were provided by honing with 120] grit stone in the direction at 40 to the cross section of the liner, and further a plurality of small grooves about 7 microns in depth were provided by honing with 600] grit stone in the direction at 60 to the cross section of the liner and crossing the medium size grooves. Thereafter the inside surfaces were finished by light lapping.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The inner surface of the cast-cylinder sleeves prepared in Example 2 was further provided with a plurality of the medium size grooves 10 to 20 microns in depth in the direction at 40 to the cross section of the sleeve by honing with 200] grit stone, and further with a plurality of small grooves 6 to 7 microns in depth in the direction at 60 to the cross section of the sleeve, and crossing the medium size grooves by honing with 600] grit stone, and then the inside surface was finished with light lapping.
  • the sleeves were fitted to an automotive gasoline engine of water-cooling type.
  • the engine characteristics were: 4 cylinders, 4 cycles, inner diameter 70.0 mm., stroke 76.0 mm., total displacement 1,169 cc. and compression ratio 8.6.
  • a continuous running bench test was carried out under the conditions of 5500 rpm, full load, and 200 hours (8 hours per day). After the test was finished, the average abrasion of the cylinder was 13.5 microns, and neither scufiing nor scoring was observed on the rubbing surface.
  • EXAMPLE Engine liners were made by repeating the operations of Example 3 except that a 25% aqueous solution of nitric acid containing 20% of ferric nitrate was used as the leaching solution. Honing and lapping were applied in the same way.
  • a method of increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of an aluminum alloy article which comprises:
  • molten metal alloy consisting essentially of 5 to 30 weight percent silicon, 3 to 15 weight percent magnesium and the remainder aluminum containing dispersed therein particles of magnesium silicide in the size range between about 10 to 50 microns in diameter
  • a method of increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of an aluminum alloy article which comprises:
  • removing exposed particles of lead dichloride from said rubbing surface by dissolving them with a solvent selected from the group consisting of water heated to a temperature of 60 to C. and an inorganic acid solution to leave exposed hollows in said rubbing surface to provide oil pools during rubbing action on said surface, the total surface area of said exposed hollows being between about 5 to 50 percent of the whole area of said rubbing surface.
  • a solvent selected from the group consisting of water heated to a temperature of 60 to C. and an inorganic acid solution to leave exposed hollows in said rubbing surface to provide oil pools during rubbing action on said surface, the total surface area of said exposed hollows being between about 5 to 50 percent of the whole area of said rubbing surface.
  • said inorganic acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, chromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid.
  • said inorganic acid is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, chromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid.
  • said inorganic acid solution contains an added metal salt, whose component metal has smaller ionization tendency than that of aluminum, to produce a thin deposit layer of said metal on the surface of exposed hollows.
  • component metal of the metal salt is the one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and B.
  • component metal of the metal salt is the one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and B.
  • said inorganic acid solution contains an added metal salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Zn, Mn, M0, Ni, Pb, Sn and B to produce a thin deposit layer of said metal on the surfaces of grooves and hollows in said rubbing surface of the aluminum alloy article.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US00133562A 1970-12-25 1971-04-13 Method for increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of aluminuum alloy articles Expired - Lifetime US3723209A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11749570 1970-12-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3723209A true US3723209A (en) 1973-03-27

Family

ID=14713131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00133562A Expired - Lifetime US3723209A (en) 1970-12-25 1971-04-13 Method for increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of aluminuum alloy articles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3723209A (ref)
DE (1) DE2151069C3 (ref)
FR (1) FR2090823A5 (ref)
GB (1) GB1327682A (ref)
SE (1) SE372292B (ref)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896009A (en) * 1974-05-21 1975-07-22 Kioritz Corp Aluminum alloy cylinder
JPS50126719U (ref) * 1974-04-05 1975-10-17
JPS5116243A (ja) * 1974-07-31 1976-02-09 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Aruminiumugokinseishudobuzaino sukatsufuinguboshihoho
US4508070A (en) * 1982-04-19 1985-04-02 Oktan Aktiebolag Arrangement in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
WO2005083253A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-09 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine component part and method for producing the same
US20060182990A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-17 Central Motor Wheel Co., Ltd. Aluminum composite material and method of producing the same
US20120227699A1 (en) * 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Linerless engine

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2928504C2 (de) * 1979-07-14 1982-05-19 Pacific Wietz Gmbh + Co Kg, 4600 Dortmund Dichtungsanordnung für Pumpenwellen u.dgl.
DE3248186C2 (de) * 1982-12-27 1986-10-23 SCHUNK Industrieverwaltung GmbH, 6301 Heuchelheim Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gleitlagerbuchse
DE3634708A1 (de) * 1986-10-11 1988-04-28 Goetze Ag Gleitender reibung ausgesetztes maschinenteil, wie insbesonder kolbenring
JP3298213B2 (ja) * 1993-03-17 2002-07-02 日産自動車株式会社 防振用パッド
US6024338A (en) * 1994-03-11 2000-02-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vibration insulating pad
DE102006059045A1 (de) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Zylinderlauffläche sowie Zylinder
DE102016206139A1 (de) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung mit einem Reibkontakt und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Vorrichtung mit einem Reibkontakt
DE102016206141A1 (de) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung mit einem Reibkontakt und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Vorrichtung mit einem Reibkontakt

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50126719U (ref) * 1974-04-05 1975-10-17
US3896009A (en) * 1974-05-21 1975-07-22 Kioritz Corp Aluminum alloy cylinder
JPS50148236A (ref) * 1974-05-21 1975-11-27
JPS5116243A (ja) * 1974-07-31 1976-02-09 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Aruminiumugokinseishudobuzaino sukatsufuinguboshihoho
US4508070A (en) * 1982-04-19 1985-04-02 Oktan Aktiebolag Arrangement in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US7412955B2 (en) 2004-02-27 2008-08-19 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine component part and method for producing the same
US20070012173A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2007-01-18 Hirotaka Kurita Engine component part and method for producing the same
WO2005083253A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-09 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine component part and method for producing the same
EP2241741A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2010-10-20 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine component part and method for producing the same
US20060182990A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-17 Central Motor Wheel Co., Ltd. Aluminum composite material and method of producing the same
US7097780B1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-29 Central Motor Wheel Co., Ltd. Aluminum composite material and method of producing the same
US20120227699A1 (en) * 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Linerless engine
CN102678369A (zh) * 2011-03-08 2012-09-19 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 无衬套发动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2151069A1 (de) 1972-07-13
SE372292B (ref) 1974-12-16
DE2151069C3 (de) 1978-11-30
GB1327682A (en) 1973-08-22
FR2090823A5 (ref) 1972-01-14
DE2151069B2 (de) 1978-03-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3723209A (en) Method for increasing wear resistance of a rubbing surface of aluminuum alloy articles
US3333579A (en) Formation of low friction glass-like surface on aluminum silicon alloy for engine operation
US3945893A (en) Process for forming low-abrasion surface layers on metal objects
CN1149299C (zh) 轻金属合金滑动面的制作方法
EP0899354A1 (de) Beschichtung aus einer übereutektischen Aluminium/Silizium Legierung bzw. einem Aluminium/Silizium Verbundwerkstoff
DE2436478A1 (de) Zylinder aus einer aluminiumlegierung
DE102006040362B4 (de) Abriebbeständige Komibnation aus Aluminiumkolben und Aluminiumzylinderbohrung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
GB1566764A (en) Piston
JPS6234985B2 (ref)
US3921701A (en) Method for improving bond between transplanted coating and die-casting
US2534406A (en) Coated metal article and method of making the same
DE19601793A1 (de) Verfahren zum Beschichten von Oberflächen
US2341293A (en) Bearing member and method of making the same
JPH06218521A (ja) 内燃機関のピストン
DE2408276A1 (de) Zylinder-kolben-bausatz fuer verbrennungskraftmaschinen
EP1920150B1 (de) Verfahren zum beschichten der aussenfläche einer zylinderlaufbuchse
USRE27081E (en) Formation of low friction glass-like surface on aluminum silicon alloy for engine operation
Koya et al. Development of aluminum powder metallurgy composites for cylinder liners
JPH02104465A (ja) 耐摩耗性を有するアルミニウム合金部材の製造方法
JPH07310588A (ja) 内燃機関のピストン及びその製造方法
DE19956306B4 (de) Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Oberflächen, insbesondere von Zylinderlaufflächen an Brennkraftmaschinen
US20060168806A1 (en) Dry machining of aluminum castings
US3841386A (en) Method of joining a beryllium workpiece to light metals
US2181947A (en) Method of making thin walled plated pistons for internal combustion engines
JP2008523994A (ja) 物品の鋳造の方法