US3723052A - Liquid fuel burner apparatus - Google Patents

Liquid fuel burner apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3723052A
US3723052A US00194246A US3723052DA US3723052A US 3723052 A US3723052 A US 3723052A US 00194246 A US00194246 A US 00194246A US 3723052D A US3723052D A US 3723052DA US 3723052 A US3723052 A US 3723052A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
air
burner apparatus
gasifying
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00194246A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Nakashima
M Imajima
S Murase
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP10056970A external-priority patent/JPS4839290B1/ja
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3723052A publication Critical patent/US3723052A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D5/00—Burners in which liquid fuel evaporates in the combustion space, with or without chemical conversion of evaporated fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
    • F23D3/02—Wick burners

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A substantially flat type liquid fuel burner apparatus comprising a chamber for gasifying liquid fuel, a second chamber above the gasifying chamber for mixing the gasified fuel with an amount of air, and a combustion zone above the mixing chamber into which the gaseous mixture and an additional amount of air are introduced for the complete combustion of the gasified fuel.
  • the air supplied to the gasifying chamber is limited to such an amount to burn only a part of the liquid fuel fed to the gasifying chamber so as to heat a heating element disposed therein.
  • the heated heating element is operative to pyrolyze the remaining part of the fuel into gasified fuel to thereby facilitate blue flame complete combustion of the fuel in the combustion zone.
  • the present invention relates to a burner apparatus and, more particularly, to a flattened or thinned liquid fuel burner apparatus.
  • a flattened type burner is less practicable than a circular or so-called pot type burner because a burner of the former type suffers from a heat deformation due to temperature differential of more than about 400 C between the upper and lower parts of the burner. It is a matter of course that an extremely thinned burner is further less practicable and, therefore, it is impossible to obtain such an extremely thinned practical burner unless the problem of heat deformation is solved.
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved liquid fuel burner apparatus comprising a burner which is divided into substantially separated two chambers and an upper zone, each partially defined by at least one perforated wall, for gasifying the liquid fuel, for mixing the gasified fuel with air and for the combustion of the gasified fuel, respectively, whereby a sootless, blue flame complete combustion of the fuel is obtained.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved liquid fuel burner apparatus of the class specified in the above and in which the top of the gasifying chamber is partially closed by a pair of baffle plates which define therebetween a throat and which cooperate with the top of the heating element to define therebetween restricted gaps which function to cause the gasifying chamber to be filled with thick gasified fluid and restrain the flows of air so that a little combustion is maintained in the gasifying chamber to an extent sufficient to pyrolize the liquid fuel and that upward streams of unburnt gasified fuel from the two subchambers are gathered at the throat into a combined or united stream.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved liquid fuel burner apparatus of the class specified in the above and in which air supply apertures for the mixing chamber are arranged in such a fashion as to facilitate uniform mixture of the gasified fuel with air.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved liquid fuel burner apparatus of the class specified in the above and in which the corn bustion zone is partially defined by a pair of upwardly diverging perforated walls between which is provided a combustion-assisting member of a circular or polygonal cross-section so that a large amount of air fed through the air supply apertures in the walls advantageously flows around the combustion-assisting member and is advantageously mixed with the upwardly flowing gaseous mixture from the mixing chamber to facilitate easy and uniform combustion reaction whereby a sootless, noiseless, blue flame complete combustion takes place in the combustion zone.
  • a liquid fuel burner apparatus comprising a gasifying chamber defined by walls at least one of which is formed with a plurality of air supply apertures therein, means for supplying liquid fuel into said gasifying chamber, a heating element of a heat-resistant porous material disposed in said gasifying chamber, said air supply apertures being adapted to feed an amount of air just sufficient to burn a part of the liquid fuel supplied to said gasifying chamber so that said heating element is heated to an elevated temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the remaining part of the liquid fuel into gasified fuel, baffle plates partly closing the top of said gasifying chamber and cooperating together to define a throat therebetween and above said gasifying chamber, a mixing chamber above said gasifying chamber and being in communication with the latter through said throat so that said gasified fuel is passed through said throat into said mixing chamber, the latter having a volume greater than that of said gasifying chamber and having a plurality of air supply apertures for supplying an additional amount of air to said gasified fuel in said mixing chamber to produce a gaseous mixture,
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of an embodiment of the burner apparatus according to the present invention with a part of the apparatus being removed to show the inner structure thereof;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a slightly modified embodiment of the apparatus of the inventron.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings there are shown burner apparatuses 10, 10 according to preferred embodiments of the invention. Since both embodiments of the invention are substantially identical except a part to be described later, the invention will be described hereunder mainly with reference to FIG. 1 of the drawings.
  • the burner apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a generally box-like housing 11 having a longitudinal dimension normally larger than the vertical dimension of the housing which is larger than the widthwise dimension so that the housing has a generally rectangular shape in cross-section as will be seen in the drawings.
  • the housing has four vertical walls (only two of which are shown at 12 and 13), a top wall 14 and a bottom wall 15.
  • the top and bottom walls 14 and 15 are formed therein with elongated openings 16 and 17 substantially coextensive with the longitudinal dimension of the housing 11, respectively.
  • the walls of the housing 11 define a space in which is disposed a burner body 20 of substantially symmetrical profile with respect to a vertical plane which includes the longitudinal axis of the housing 11.
  • the burner body 20 has a pair of downwardly tapered or converging upper wall portions 21 and 22 connected at the upper ends to the peripheral edge of the opening 16 in the top wall 14 of the housing 11. Rows of apertures 23 and 24 are formed in the wall portions 21 and 22, respectively, adjacent the peripheral edge of the opening 16 for the purpose to be made apparent later.
  • the upper wall portions 21 and 22 are connected at their lower ends with downwardly diverging (or upwardly converging) wall portions 27 and 28, respectively, which in turn are connected at their lower ends with substantially vertical wall portions 31 and 32, respectively, which are spaced inwardly from the side walls 12 and 13 of the housing 11, respectively.
  • a plu rality of apertures 33 are formed in one of the vertical wall portions 32 for the purpose to be described later.
  • the vertical wall portions 31 and 32 are connected at their lower ends with substantially horizontal inwardly extending wall portions 35 and 36, respectively.
  • the horizontal wall portions 35 and 36 are then connected at their inner ends with substantially vertically extending lower wall portions 37 and 38, respectively, which are connected at the lower ends with a downwardly concave bottom wall 39 disposed above the opening 17 in the bottom wall of the housing 11.
  • the lower vertical wall portions 37 and 38 are formed therein with rows of a plurality of apertures 41 and 42, respectively, for the purpose to be described later.
  • a pair of baffle plates 35a and 360 are mounted on the horizontal wall portions 35 and 36 in such a manner that the baffle plates extend inwardly beyond the inner edges of the horizontal wall portions 35 and 36 to cooperate to define therebetween a first throat 43 which is narrower than a second throat 29 defined between the lower ends of the downwardly converging upper wall portions 21 and 22 (upper ends of the downwardly diverging wall portions 27 and 28).
  • a heating element 46 of a heat-resistant porous material which is formed with a cutout 460 in the bottom end thereof, is disposed centrallyof the gasifying chamber 45 in such a manner that the heating element 46 substantially laterally divides the gasifying chamber 45 into two spaces or sub-chambers 45a and 45b which communicate each other through a passage provided by the cutout 460 in the heating element 46.
  • the bottom wall 39 of the burner body 20 may alternatively be formed with a recess (not shown) to provide a passage between the sub-chambers 45a and 45b.
  • the sub-chamber 45a is communicated with the throat 43 through a gap 46a defined between the top edge of the heating element 46 and the inner edge of the baffle plate 36a while the subchamber 45b is communicated with the first throat 43 through a gap 46b defined between the top edge of the heating element 46 and the inner edge of the baffle plate 35a.
  • An ignition heater 47 having an ignition filament 47a and an ignition wick 47b extends inwardly through the side wall 37 of the gasifying chamber 45 into the subchamber 45b so that the ignition filament and wick 47a and 47b are disposed adjacent the cutout 460 of the heating element 46.
  • the latter is preferably made of a heat-resistant oil-permeable porous material selected from a group including particles of carborundum (Trade Name) bound by means of a binder and heat, a sintered metal, an earthenware material, a ceramic material and the like.
  • a fuel supplying conduit 48 from a liquid fuel supply source extends through the side wall 13 of the housing 11 and through the lower vertical wall 38 into the sub-chamber 45a.
  • the side wall 12 of the housing 11 and the wall portions 21, 27, 31, 35 and 37 of the burner body 20 cooperate to define an air passage 51 communicating with the atmosphere through the opening 17 in the bottom wall 15 of the housing 11 while the side wall 13 of the housing and the wall portions 22, 28, 36 and 38 of the burner body 20 cooperate to define an air passage 52 communicating with the atmosphere through the opening 17.
  • the lower part of the chamber is filled with a quantity of the fuel a part of which is sucked into the mass of the heating element 46.
  • Air is fed from the air passages 51 and 52 through the apertures 41 and 42 into the gasifying chamber 45.
  • the heater coil 47a is red-heated to ignite the fuel on the ignition wick 47b which in turn ignites the liquid fuel on the surface of the heating element 46 adjacent the cutout 46c.
  • the heating element 46 acts as a kind of wick along which the combustion of the fuel develops upwardly to heat the heating element to an elevated temperature for thereby vaporizing the liquid fuel on the heating element.
  • the vaporized fuel is burnt to form flames adjacent the apertures 41 and 42 in the walls 37 and 38 to heat the gasifying chamber 45.
  • the flames 56 and the elevated temperature in the chamber 45 further heat the heating element 46 to a further elevated temperature ranging from about 450 C to about 500 C which is sufficient to pyrolyze or decompose by heat the liquid fuel sucked into the heating element 46.
  • the liquid fuel supported on the bottom 39 is vaporized.
  • the vaporized fuel moves upwardly into contact with the heating element 46 and is also pyrolyzed by the heated heating element to produce a heated gasified fuel which is appropriate for uniform mixture with air and for the facilitation of combustion.
  • the air supplied from the air passages 51 and 52 is moved into contact with the heating element 46 and thus is heated thereby to an elevated temperature.
  • the heated gasified fuel and the heated air are well mixed together to keep a small blue flame combustion. This is because air is introduced through the apertures 41 and 42 into the mass of heated gasified fuel so that the air and the gaseous fuel are appropriately mixed together to facilitate easy and prompt combustion or oxization while the heating plate 46 and the baffle plates 35a and 35b serve to restrain the flow of air.
  • the total area of the air supply apertures 41 and 42 is preferably determined to be as large as 10 to 25 percent of the total area of air supply apertures of the burner body 20 required for the complete combustion of the fuel.
  • the lower-most aperture 41 and 42' in the vertical wall portions 37 and 38 are positioned above the liquid fuel level H in the gasifying chamber 45 which is determined by a fuel flow regulator (not shown) so as to prevent an accidental overflow which would otherwise take place in the case of miss-ignition.
  • the top of the heating element 46 is positioned at such a level as to enable the upper part of the heating element 46 to surely receive and deal with the flow of air fed through the uppermost rows of apertures 41 and 42.
  • the unburnt quantity of gasified fuel moves from the sub-chambers 45a and 45b of the gasifying chamber 45 through the gaps 46a and 46b and through the throat 43 into a mixing chamber 55 which is defined by the wall portions 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36 and the baffle plates 35a and 36a.
  • the mixing chamber 55 is of a volume greater than that of the gasifying chamber 45.
  • the flow of unburnt gasified fuel from the gasifying chamber 45 is rectified by the cooperation of the baffle plates 35a and 360 into a relatively thinner wall-like stream which is passed into the mixing chamber 55 in which the unburnt gasified fuel is further mixed with an amount of air fed through the apertures 33 in the vertical wall portion 32.
  • the wall-like stream of the unburnt gasified fuel is biased toward the other wall portion 31 having no air supply aperture formed therein, with a result that the mixture of the gasified fuel and the air is caused to have its concentration varied in different zones in the mixing chamber 55. More specifically, the mixture is of a too lower concentration for the mixture to be burnt in the zone adjacent the vertical wall portion 32 having air supply apertures 33 formed therein while the mixture is of a too higher concentration for the mixture to be burnt in the zone adjacent the other wall portion 31.
  • the mixing chamber 55 since the mixing chamber 55 has a larger volume than the gasifying chamber 45, the mixing chamber 55 has an increased capacity to allow the air to flow therethrough.
  • the part of the air-fuel mixture which is of a concentration appropriate for the combustion is burnt in the zone of the mixing chamber 55 adjacent the wall portion 32, but it will be appreciated that the combustible part of the mixture is only a part of the amount of the mixture contained in the mixing chamber.
  • the opposite vertical wall portions 31 and 32 may both be formed with such apertures.
  • the air supply apertures may be of smaller size or may be so arranged as not to face one another for thereby eliminating or at least minimizing the collision of opposite air streams from the apertures in the opposite wall portions 31 and 32.
  • one-sided air supply as employed in the preferred embodiments of the invention more advantageously achieves the object of the invention.
  • the total area of the air supply apertures in the vertical wall portion 32 of the mixing chamber 55 is preferably as large as 10 to 25 percent of the total area of air supply apertures for the burner body 20 required for the complete combustion of the fuel.
  • the thinner and thicker streams of the air-fuel mixture are gathered by the upwardly converging wall portions 27 and 28 into a combined stream in which air and gasified fuel are uniformly mixed.
  • the combined stream is passed through the throat 29 into a combustion zone which is partly defined by the downwardly converging upper wall portions 21 and 22 of the burner body 20.
  • the apertures 23 and 24 in the wall portions 21 and 22 pass an additional amount of air sufficient for the complete combustion of the gasified fuel fed upwardly through the throat 29 into the combustion zone of the burner.
  • the total area of the air supply apertures 23 and 24 is as large as 50 to percent of the total area of the air supply apertures in the walls 21, 23, 32, 37 and 38.
  • the apertures 23 and 24 are arranged in a pair of opposite substantially straight rows, respectively.
  • the apertures may alternatively be arranged such that the sets of apertures 23 and 24 are arranged in' a plurality of rows, respectively.
  • the apertures 23 and 24 may preferably be arranged zigzag in the wall portions 21 and 22, respectively, so that each of the apertures 23 in the wall portion 21 is substan tially laterally aligned with or faces the corresponding one ofthe apertures 24 in the other wall portion 22.
  • the combustion zone is advantageously provided with a combustion-assisting member 57 of a heat-resistant material such as porcelain or iron having a circular or annular cross-sectional configuration.
  • the combustion-assisting member 57 is mounted at the opposite ends on the housing 11 in such a position as to produce a turbulence in the upwardly flowing unburnt gaseous mixture from the throat 20 so that the air fed through the apertures 23 and 24 in the wall portions 21 and 22 is advantageously mixed with the unburnt gaseous material from the throat 29, with an advantageous result that the gasified fuel is substantially completely burnt to form sootless, clear blue flames 58 adjacent the air supply apertures 23 and 24 and the combustionassisting member 57.
  • the burner apparatus 10 of the modified embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is substantially identical with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except a combustionassisting member 57 which has diamond cross-sectional configuration as shown.
  • the member 57' is not limited to the configuration shown and may be of any other polygonal cross-section (not shown).
  • the combustion-assisting members 57 and 57' may be provided thereon with fins (not shown) which provide increased heat radiation surface areas andreinforcing strengths for the members.
  • the burner body 20 of the liquid fuel burner apparatus according to the present invention may have a size as follows:
  • the burner apparatus employing a burner body 20 of the above exemplified size may generate a thermal energy as large as about 8000 KCal/hr.
  • the burner body 20 may have an increased longitudinal dimension with other dimensions unchanged to generate an increased amount of thermal energy.
  • a burner body having a longitudinal dimension two times the above exemplified longitudinal dimension will generate a thermal energy of an amount substantially two times the above-mentioned amount of thermal energy.
  • the burner apparatus of the present invention may be operated in such a manner that a heat exchanger (not shown) is placed on or above the top of the apparatus so that the heat exchange medium in the heat exchanger is heated by the apparatus of the invention.
  • the heated heat exchange medium may be brought into heat exchanging relationship with atmospheric air.
  • a liquid fuel burner apparatus comprising a gasifying chamber defined by walls at least one of which is formed with a plurality of air supply apertures therein, means for supplying liquid fuel into said gasifying chamber, a heating element of a heat-resistant porous material disposed in said gasifying chamber, said air supply apertures being adapted to feed an amount of air just sufficient to burn a part of the liquid fuel supplied to said gasifying chamber so that said heating element is heated to an elevated temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the remaining part of the liquid fuel into gasified fuel, baffle plates partly closing the top of said gasifying chamber and cooperating together to define a throat therebetween and above said gasifying chamber, a mixing chamber above said gasifying chamber and being in communication with the latter through said throat so that said gasified fuel is passed through said throat into said mixing chamber, the latter having a volume greater than that of said gasifying chamber and having a plurality of air supply apertures for supplying an additional amount of air to said gasified fuel in said mixing chamber to produce a gaseous mixture, a combustion zone above said mixing chamber,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
  • Evaporation-Type Combustion Burners (AREA)
US00194246A 1970-11-13 1971-11-01 Liquid fuel burner apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3723052A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10057070 1970-11-13
JP10056970A JPS4839290B1 (de) 1970-11-13 1970-11-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3723052A true US3723052A (en) 1973-03-27

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ID=26441568

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00194246A Expired - Lifetime US3723052A (en) 1970-11-13 1971-11-01 Liquid fuel burner apparatus

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3723052A (de)
AU (1) AU432788B2 (de)
BE (1) BE775236A (de)
CA (1) CA929097A (de)
CH (1) CH546922A (de)
DE (1) DE2156374C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2114621A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1356608A (de)
IT (1) IT944911B (de)
NL (1) NL168602C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133632A (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-01-09 Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Vaporizing type oil burner
US20140158111A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-06-12 Ningbo Richen Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd Fireplace of Combusting Gasified Liquid Fuel
US20160238258A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-08-18 Seong Wan Yun Combustion apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU521212B2 (en) * 1977-06-15 1982-03-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Combustion device for liquid fuels
GB2011060B (en) * 1977-12-20 1982-05-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Combustion device for liquid fuels

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1500962A (en) * 1923-04-24 1924-07-08 Slezinsky Frank Louis Orchard heater
US2755849A (en) * 1952-10-15 1956-07-24 Kresky Mfg Co Inc Pot-type burner and ignition system therefor
US2756811A (en) * 1951-05-28 1956-07-31 Harry C Little Ignition device for oil burners
FR1490734A (fr) * 1966-06-24 1967-08-04 Martin Usines Fonderie Arthur Perfectionnements aux brûleurs à combustible liquide

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1500962A (en) * 1923-04-24 1924-07-08 Slezinsky Frank Louis Orchard heater
US2756811A (en) * 1951-05-28 1956-07-31 Harry C Little Ignition device for oil burners
US2755849A (en) * 1952-10-15 1956-07-24 Kresky Mfg Co Inc Pot-type burner and ignition system therefor
FR1490734A (fr) * 1966-06-24 1967-08-04 Martin Usines Fonderie Arthur Perfectionnements aux brûleurs à combustible liquide

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133632A (en) * 1976-06-03 1979-01-09 Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Vaporizing type oil burner
US20140158111A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-06-12 Ningbo Richen Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd Fireplace of Combusting Gasified Liquid Fuel
US9388989B2 (en) * 2011-07-29 2016-07-12 Ningbo Richen Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd Fireplace of combusting gasified liquid fuel
US20160238258A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-08-18 Seong Wan Yun Combustion apparatus
EP3101341A4 (de) * 2013-09-25 2017-12-06 Seong Wan Yun Verbrennungsvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2156374A1 (de) 1972-05-25
DE2156374B2 (de) 1973-06-14
DE2156374C3 (de) 1974-01-17
FR2114621A5 (de) 1972-06-30
NL168602B (nl) 1981-11-16
NL7115571A (de) 1972-05-16
AU3536771A (en) 1973-03-08
CH546922A (de) 1974-03-15
IT944911B (it) 1973-04-20
GB1356608A (en) 1974-06-12
NL168602C (nl) 1982-04-16
AU432788B2 (en) 1973-03-08
BE775236A (fr) 1972-03-01
CA929097A (en) 1973-06-26

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