US3712996A - Stabilization of plasma generators - Google Patents

Stabilization of plasma generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3712996A
US3712996A US00228880A US3712996DA US3712996A US 3712996 A US3712996 A US 3712996A US 00228880 A US00228880 A US 00228880A US 3712996D A US3712996D A US 3712996DA US 3712996 A US3712996 A US 3712996A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
channel
stabilizing
plasma
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00228880A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Kugler
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Lonza AG
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Lonza AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3405—Arrangements for stabilising or constricting the arc, e.g. by an additional gas flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3421—Transferred arc or pilot arc mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3452—Supplementary electrodes between cathode and anode, e.g. cascade

Definitions

  • a liquid stabilized plasma generator has a path of flow for the are divided into sections with the flow channel constricted at the transitions between the sections, the stabilizing liquid being divided in each section into partial streams one of which is discharged from its section in the vicinity of the respective constrictor through a narrow gap extending near the inner surface of the liquid vortex.
  • Various arrangements of divisions are provided.
  • the present invention relates to a method of, and a device for, the stabilization of an electric are burning in the interior of an elongate liquid vortex, in which the path of flow of the liquid is divided along the arc column into section and the flow channel is constricted at the transition from one section to another, and in which the liquid flow is kept erect by the supply of liquid at each of the sections of the flow path.
  • Liquid stabilized plasma generators are known in which the column of an arc discharge is kept erect in the channel of a liquid vortex, and the electrodes are arranged in at least one electrode chamber.
  • the electrode chamber or each electrode chamber has outlets for discharging superfluous stabilizing liquid and also gas, steam and any products from the electrodes.
  • the liquid supplied is divided in each of the sections into at least two partial streams and only one of the partial streams of the liquid is discharged from the respective sections in the vicinity of the respective constriction through a narrow space which extends to the vicinity of the inner surface of the liquid vortex.
  • the method according to the invention it is also possible to supply different stabilizing liquids separately, e.g. into two separate chambers. It is also possible to feed in gases and/ or steam in addition to the stabilizing liquid.
  • the gases and/ or steam can be fed through together with the liquid, e.g. under pressure, or separately.
  • a restrictor extending into the arc zone beyond the inner diameter of the stabilizing liquid.
  • This restrictor has the further advantage that by it the liquid in the channel can also be separated so that it can be drawn 01f separately at opposite sides and without mixing. In this way it is possible to draw 01f the electrode burning products near the electrodes with the liquid and thus to avoid contamination of the plasma ray.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a stabilizing channel divided in the axial direction by divisions and has at least at one of the divisions a discharge space formed by a restrictor and said division, the diameter of the central opening of the restrictor being greater than the diameter of the opening of the divisions and smaller than the outer diameter of the stabilizing channel, at least one supply duct and a discharge duct, which is connected with the discharge space, being provided between the divisions.
  • the diameter of the central opening of the restrictor is at least 2 mm. larger than the diameter of the central opening of the divisions and at least 6 to 17 mm. smaller than the outer diameter of the stabilizing channel.
  • the widths of the discharge space formed between the restrictors and the divisions may widen outwardly, advantageously to discharge chambers, from which said part of the liquid stream to be led olf is drawn off through tangential outlets. It is advantageous in this connection if the liquid drawn off is recirculated through a recirculating apparatus to the inlet openings. It is advantageous to provide the discharge space with baflies, particularly when viscous liquids are employed.
  • 21 further restrictor may be provided in the generator, the diameter of the central openings of the further restrictor being smaller than those of the divisions.
  • Such further restrictors may be arranged at any position and in the required number in the generator.
  • the part of the stabilizing liquid which circulates between the different sections of the chamber is preferably circulated by means of a circulating device comprising for example a pump and if required a heat exchanger for cooling the circulating liquid.
  • the arrangement of the pair of electrodes, namely the inner and outer electrodes, and the arrangement of the reaction chambers for using the plasma ray produced is of known type, such as shown in copending application Ser. No. 42,809.
  • a stabilizing channel of any length can be formed for a liquid vortex, an increased effect being produced at high voltage.
  • the flow of liquid which is not drawn from the divided channel sections flows axially through the whole length of the stabilizing channel and should have as small of a flow as possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a View in longitudinal section through a plasma generator with associated ducts and components illustrated diagrammatically;
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on line 2A-2A of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2B diagrammatically illustrates a modification of the regulation of the ducts of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 respectively show broken-away views in longitudinal section of further modifications of the plasma generator of FIG. 1.
  • the stabilizing channel according to the invention is arranged in an electrode chamber having a pair of electrodes comprising an inner electrode 1 connected by a current supply conductor 5 to one terminal of a power source, and an outer electrode 1' connected to the other terminal of the power source.
  • the high current electric arc discharge 13 is produced and maintained between the electrodes 1 and 1 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the electrode chamber is also provided with working liquid supply and discharge passages 20 and 21 which feed the working liquid to and from the spaces between restrictors 2, 3 and 4.
  • the end of the channel adjacent the electrode 1 is limited by a restrictor 6.
  • two restrictors 7 In the direction of the plasma beam flow, two restrictors 7 having central openings of smaller diameter than those of divisions 8, 8a, 8b and 10 are provided.
  • a part of the stabilizing liquid stream is drawn off from the collecting channels through tangential outlets 17 and is recirculated or fed back by pumps 31 through heat exchangers 32 to the inlets 16 and is again fed tangentially into the channel to form a plurality of stabilizing liquid vortices around the plasma arc.
  • the part of the liquid stream which flows axially through the whole channel to the outlet channel is fed in through inlet 18 controlled by flow regulators 24, and 33, 34.
  • FIG. 2B there is shown a modification of the regulation of the outlet 15 and supply ducts 14 and 18.
  • FIG. 3 the end division 10 of FIG. 1 is replaced by a division 39 and an adjacent restrictor 9'.
  • a recirculation of part of the liquid beneath the inner surface of the liquid vortex Recirculation is effected by means of a single pump 39.
  • the supply and discharge ducts are provided with flow regulators 22, 23'.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment.
  • gas from inlet duct 21' flows through the inner electrode space.
  • the cooled electrode 43 is connected coaxialiy with the channel.
  • the stabilizing chamber, formed with divisions 8, 8a, 8b and restrictors 9, is connected to the cooled outlet nozzle 42 of the electrode chamber.
  • the stabilizing chamber channel is limited by the restrictor 54.
  • the liquid from the stabilizing channel is drawn off between restrictors 6 and 54 through outlet 42.
  • a rotating cooled electrode 43' with a current supply conductor 44 is used as the inner electrode.
  • the electrode chamber is supplied with working gas through inlets 45, 46 and the gas is drawn off together with a part of the plasma gas through outlet 47 and regulator 60.
  • the regulator 60 is controlled by the varying pressure in the electrode chamber.
  • hollow electrodes 61, 55 which may be rotatable are connected to the stabilizing channel.
  • the electrode chamber is closed at one end by the replaceable inner electrode element 62; electrode wear is combated by the replaceable element or material 62.
  • the stabilizing liquid from the channel and the cooling liquid of the electrode are drawn off between restrictors 6 and 58.
  • the electrode chamber is closed by wall 57'.
  • the cooling liquid of the inner electrode and the cooling liquid for cooling the wall 57 are drawn off between the restrictors 56 and 62 together with a part of the plasma ray and any electrode products.
  • FIG. 8 there is illustrated the possibility of connecting a plurality of stabilizing chambers axially in series.
  • electrode chambers are provided at both ends with inlets 21 and outlets 20.
  • a plasma generator comprising a single electric power source, two electrodes connected to said single electric power source which is adapted to generate a high current electric arc therebetween, means connected between said electrodes to rapidly circulate liquid to form a plurality of liquid vortices around said electric are between said electrodes to constrict the arc, a plurality of first division means each arranged between two of said means to form liquid vortices, and each having a central opening having a first diameter, one source of stabilizing liquid, means connected to supply liquid from said one source of stabilizing liquid to the electric are adjacent to one of said electrodes, outlet means connected to lead oif liquid from at least one of said means to form liquid vortices spaced from said one electrode, at least one second division means having a central opening and defining with one of said first division means an annular outwardly spaced from the central openings, the central opening of said second division means having a diameter greater than the diameter of the opening of said first division means, said first and second division means are arranged coaxially with the liquid vortices
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 including another source of stabilizing liquid, and liquid conveying means connected to said another source of stabilizing liquid and operative to add liquid from said another source to the liquid being recirculated into the liquid vortex.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
US00228880A 1969-06-10 1972-02-24 Stabilization of plasma generators Expired - Lifetime US3712996A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH877469A CH494517A (de) 1969-06-10 1969-06-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stabilisierung des im Innern eines länglichen Flüssigkeitswirbels brennenden elektrischen Lichtbogens

Publications (1)

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US3712996A true US3712996A (en) 1973-01-23

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US00228880A Expired - Lifetime US3712996A (en) 1969-06-10 1972-02-24 Stabilization of plasma generators

Country Status (11)

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US (1) US3712996A (de)
JP (1) JPS5022975B1 (de)
BE (1) BE751764A (de)
CH (1) CH494517A (de)
DE (1) DE2028193C3 (de)
DK (1) DK125050B (de)
FR (1) FR2050156A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1309665A (de)
NL (1) NL7008438A (de)
NO (1) NO128387B (de)
SE (1) SE367301B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854032A (en) * 1973-12-26 1974-12-10 J Cooper Superheated electric arc steam generator
US3866089A (en) * 1972-08-16 1975-02-11 Lonza Ag Liquid cooled plasma burner
US4060708A (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-11-29 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Metastable argon stabilized arc devices for spectroscopic analysis
US4162283A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-07-24 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Method of melting magnetically weak particles of arbitrary shape into substantially spherically-shaped globules
US4269658A (en) * 1975-10-14 1981-05-26 General Atomic Company Mechanical compression plasma device
FR2521813A1 (fr) * 1982-02-15 1983-08-19 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Procede de stabilisation d'un plasma a basse temperature d'un bruleur a arc et bruleur a arc pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
WO2002005292A2 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Yensen Robert M Controlled-nuclear-fusion apparatus
EP1734360A1 (de) * 2004-03-25 2006-12-20 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Plasmaerzeugungsgerät
WO2011098918A3 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-11-10 Alfredo Zolezzi-Garreton Method and apparatus for applying plasma particles to a liquid and use for disinfecting water
CN104406146A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2015-03-11 宁波帅威电器有限公司 一种即热式蒸汽发生器

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS152750B1 (de) * 1972-07-13 1974-02-22
JPS5252483A (en) * 1975-10-25 1977-04-27 Katsunori Ida Incinerator converted from waste bomb
JPS5338858U (de) * 1976-09-09 1978-04-05
DE2814432A1 (de) * 1978-04-04 1979-10-18 Langlet Geb Maier Wiltraut Mehrstufen-plasmastrahlgenerator
JPS6123029U (ja) * 1984-07-11 1986-02-10 信楽鉄工株式会社 煮炊兼用焼却炉
JPH066922U (ja) * 1992-06-10 1994-01-28 源蔵 東城 傾斜ロストル付焼却炉
US9150949B2 (en) * 2012-03-08 2015-10-06 Vladmir E. BELASHCHENKO Plasma systems and methods including high enthalpy and high stability plasmas

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3866089A (en) * 1972-08-16 1975-02-11 Lonza Ag Liquid cooled plasma burner
US3854032A (en) * 1973-12-26 1974-12-10 J Cooper Superheated electric arc steam generator
US4060708A (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-11-29 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Metastable argon stabilized arc devices for spectroscopic analysis
US4269658A (en) * 1975-10-14 1981-05-26 General Atomic Company Mechanical compression plasma device
US4162283A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-07-24 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Method of melting magnetically weak particles of arbitrary shape into substantially spherically-shaped globules
AU583149B2 (en) * 1982-02-15 1989-04-20 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method for stabilization of low-temperature plasma of an arc burner, and the arc burner for carrying out said method
DE3304790A1 (de) * 1982-02-15 1983-09-01 Československá akademie věd, Praha Verfahren zur stabilisierung des niedertemperatur-plasmas eines lichtbogenbrenners und lichtbogenbrenner zu seiner durchfuehrung
US4639570A (en) * 1982-02-15 1987-01-27 Karel Zverina Apparatus for stabilization of low-temperature plasma of an arc burner
FR2521813A1 (fr) * 1982-02-15 1983-08-19 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Procede de stabilisation d'un plasma a basse temperature d'un bruleur a arc et bruleur a arc pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
WO2002005292A2 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Yensen Robert M Controlled-nuclear-fusion apparatus
WO2002005292A3 (en) * 2000-07-06 2005-07-07 Robert M Yensen Controlled-nuclear-fusion apparatus
EP1734360A1 (de) * 2004-03-25 2006-12-20 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Plasmaerzeugungsgerät
EP1734360A4 (de) * 2004-03-25 2011-05-11 Japan Adv Inst Science & Tech Plasmaerzeugungsgerät
WO2011098918A3 (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-11-10 Alfredo Zolezzi-Garreton Method and apparatus for applying plasma particles to a liquid and use for disinfecting water
CN102870502A (zh) * 2010-02-10 2013-01-09 阿尔弗雷多·佐莱齐-加勒东 用于将等离子粒子施加至液体的方法和装置以及用于消毒水的用途
EA026813B1 (ru) * 2010-02-10 2017-05-31 Алфредо Золеззи-Гарретон Способ и устройство, предназначенные для воздействия частицами плазмы на жидкость, и их использование для обеззараживания воды
CN104406146A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2015-03-11 宁波帅威电器有限公司 一种即热式蒸汽发生器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2050156A5 (de) 1971-03-26
DE2028193A1 (de) 1971-01-07
SE367301B (de) 1974-05-20
DK125050B (da) 1972-12-18
DE2028193C3 (de) 1980-11-20
JPS5022975B1 (de) 1975-08-04
NL7008438A (de) 1970-12-14
CH494517A (de) 1970-07-31
DE2028193B2 (de) 1980-03-13
BE751764A (fr) 1970-11-16
NO128387B (de) 1973-11-05
GB1309665A (en) 1973-03-14

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