US3712864A - Synthetic hydrocarbon based grease compositions - Google Patents
Synthetic hydrocarbon based grease compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3712864A US3712864A US00047125A US3712864DA US3712864A US 3712864 A US3712864 A US 3712864A US 00047125 A US00047125 A US 00047125A US 3712864D A US3712864D A US 3712864DA US 3712864 A US3712864 A US 3712864A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- grease
- naphthenic
- synthetic hydrocarbon
- olefin
- greases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 34
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 16
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl heptene Natural products CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003606 oligomerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XPXMKIXDFWLRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazinide Chemical compound [NH-]N XPXMKIXDFWLRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical class NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004890 Hydrophobing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOCBASBOOFNAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)NCCS(O)(=O)=O JOCBASBOOFNAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical class CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWLIGYVIVUNEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;octadecaneperoxoic acid Chemical group [Li].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OO IWLIGYVIVUNEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical class S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/10—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/14—Catalytic processes with inorganic acids; with salts or anhydrides of acids
- C07C2/20—Acids of halogen; Salts thereof ; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
- C07C2/22—Metal halides; Complexes thereof with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/22—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with more than fifteen carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/08—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/125—Compounds comprising a halogen and scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
-
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
- C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
- C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
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Definitions
- This invention relates to grease compositions having improved performance properties. More particularly, it relates to grease compositions containing as the oleaginous base vehicle an oligomerized alpha-olefin lubricating oil of unique molecular structure and composition.
- Typical fluids of this type include polypropylene, polybutene and higher olefin polymers, for example, fluids produced by polymerizing straight or branched chain olefins in the C range with catalysts such as boron trifluoride or diteritary alkyl peroxides.
- the resulting olefin polymer base fluids are generally parafiinic in nature, have relatively good high and low temperature properties and do not adversely effect sealants.
- the exceptional properties of the present grease compositions are attributable to the unique synthetic hydrocarbon oil base vehicle employed therein.
- This synthetic oil comprises hydrogenated alpha-olefin oligomers having from about 12 to 84 carbons per molecule, i.e., generally dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers and heptamers of C normal alpha-olefins.
- the synthetic fluid employed in the present compositions has a high percentage of cyclic oligomers which have been found to have a very pronounced effect on the properties of the finished grease compositions as hereinafter discussed.
- cyclic oligomers consist essentially of S and 6 membered naphthenes substituted with several alkyl side chains. Most of the naphthenic oligomers contain a single naphthenic ring although a small amount, e.g., from 0.1 to 0.2 mole per mole of total naphthenic oligomers, contain two naphthenic rings.
- the synthetic hydrocarbon oil used in the present compositions contains at least 0.7 mole of naphthenic oligomers per mole of isoparaffinic oligomers.
- the molar ratio of naphthenic oligomers to isoparaflinic oligomers is at least 08:1, and most preferably from 0.85:1 to 1:1.
- the average molecular Weight of the synthetic base oil is usually about 350 to 700, but more normally from about 450 to 600.
- the synthetic base fluid employed in the present compositions has a relatively high viscosity, e.g., a kinomatic viscosity from about 40 to 100 cs., preferably from 45 to 60 cs. at 100 E, which is believed to account in part for the outstanding high temperature properties of the finished grease.
- the relatively high viscosity of the base vehicle has been found not to adversely affect the low temperature properties of the grease as would be expected.
- the present greases have performed very satisfactorily at temperatures as low as F. This is quite remarkable considering that naphthenic oils in general are classified as low viscosity-index oils and would not be expected to exhibit good lubricating prop erties over such a broad range of temperatures.
- the afore-described high-naphthenic content synthetic hydrocarbon oils can be prepared by oligomerizing C normal alipha-olefins under such conditions that a high molar percentage of naphthenic oligomers are produced.
- the C -C alpha-olefin reactant can comprise either single alpha-olefins or mixtures thereof.
- synthetic base vehicles of superior properties are obtained with C alpha-olefins or with mixtures of alpha-olefins having an average chain length of about 8-10 carbon atoms.
- the alkali metal tetrahaloalanate catalysts suitable for use in the aforementioned process include those having the general formula MAIX, wherein M is an alkali metal of atomic number from 3 to 55, and X is a halogen of atomic number 9 to 53.
- Suitable diluents include alkanes, cycloalkanes, and halogenerated alkanes. Particularly suitable diluents are C -C alkanes.
- Molar ratios of catalyst to alpha-olefin reactant should be on the order of 1:5 to 1:500, with molar ratios of 1:15 to 1:50 being particularly suitable.
- Preferred reaction conditions include a temperature of from 100 C. to 150 C., a reaction pressure of from 1 to 50 atmospheres and a contact time of between 1 and 4 hours.
- the oligomerized product be subjected to hydrogenation to remove any residual unsaturation which may be present, thereby improving the stability of final grease product.
- hydrogenation catalysts e.g., platinum, pallidium or nickel catalysts
- Preferred hydrogenation catalysts are nickel catalysts, especially commercial Raney nickel and nickel on kieselguhr.
- the high-naphthenic content synthetic hydrocarbon oil is gelled to grease consistency by the incorporation therein of a minor amount, e.g., from 1 to 35% w. preferably from 3 to w., of a grease-thickening agent.
- a minor amount e.g., from 1 to 35% w. preferably from 3 to w., of a grease-thickening agent.
- thickening agents can be employed for this purpose, including conventional soap-base thickening agents, organic thickening agents, or clay thickening agents.
- Suitable soap-based thickeners include any metal soap of a fatty acid or other fatty material which is capable of providing a stable gel structure to oleaginous base fiuids.
- the term soap-base is intended to cover conventional metal soaps, complex soaps, and mixed-base soaps.
- An example of a very suitable soap-base thickener is lithium hydroxy stearate.
- Suitable organic thickening agents include polyureas,
- the preferred thickening agents for use in the present compositions are hydrophobic clays.
- Such thickening agents can be prepared from clays which are initially hydrophilic in character, but which have been converted into a hydrophobic condition by treatment with a hydrophobic surface active agent.
- Clays having a base exchange capacity of at least milliequivalents per 100 grams are very suitable for conversion into the desired thickening agents, particularly montmorillonites such as bentonite, hectorite and saponite.
- Other clays such as sepiolite, biotite, attapulgite, illite, vermiculite, zeolite and the like are also suitable.
- bentonite and hectorite clays are preferred, particularly hectorite.
- the surface active agents used to convert the clays to a hydrophobic condition can be either cationic, anionic or non-ionic, but preferably are cationic in character and can be either adsorbed on the surfaces of or reacted with the clay.
- Such hydrophobic surface active agents are well known in the art and are described, for example, in US. Pats. 2,554,222 and 2,623,853 issued to Stross, US. 2,623,852 issued to Peterson, and in U.S. 2,531,440 issued to Jordan.
- a class of surface active agents which produce particularly effective hydrophobic clays are the amino amides of polyalkylene polyamines formed by reacting polyalkylene polyamines with fatty acids as described in US. 3,050,463 issued to Peterson.
- oxidation inhibitors such as diphenylarnine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, phenothiazine, hinered phenols, and various alkylated derivatives thereof; corrosion inhibitors such as sodium nitrite and various aminoand benzo-triazoles; extreme pressure agents such as molybdenum disulfides; viscosity index improvers and any other additive or additives known to the art to perform a particular function or functions.
- Example 1 The procedure employed to prepare the clay-thickened greases shown in Table I (Examples 1, 2 and 3) comprised dispersing the bentonitic clay in water which was then acidified with phosphoric acid followed by the addition of the amino-amide hydrophobing agent and the synthetic hydrocarbon fluid. The resulting mixture of clay, surfactant and oil was separated from the water and dehydrated by heating the grease-forming components to a temperature of about 270 F. After the addition of additives and cooling, the dehydrated pre-grease was milled to grease consistency in a 3-roll mill.
- the soap-base grease (Example 4) was prepared by mixing 7 grams of oleic acid and 1 gram of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1 gram of water with 52 grams of the synthetic hydrocarbon fluid. The resulting mixture was stirred and heated to a temperature of 380 F. After cooling and further stirring a No. 2 NGLI Grade grease was obtained having an ASTM worked penetration (60 cycles) of 270.
- Fluid A wt. percent Fluid B3 wt. percent Fluid 0, wt. percent 88 Properties of fluids:
- Arylamine-typo oxidation inhlbitors wt. percent 3. 58 3. 40 3. 58 Thio-diester-type oxidation inhibitor 0. 64 0. 60 0. e4.
- Anti-corrosion agents wt. percent. 1.08 1. 03 1.08
- the oligomegrilc product was hydrogenated using a commercial Raney nickel ca a ys 2 Fluid l 3-Synthetlc hydrocarbon oil having a naphthenic/isoparatfinic molar ratio of 0.89:1, prepared by oligomerizing a mixture of 20% mole l-octene and 8075 l-dccene with LiAlOli catalyst in a catalyst/olefin molar ratio of 1 30 at C. for 4 hours.
- the oligomeric product was hydrogenated using a commercial Raney nickel catalyst.
- Greases l and 3 of the invention were compared with a commercially available olefin polymer-based grease by means of the tests indicated in Table II.
- the base vehicle employed in the commercial grease is a l-decene polymerization product having a kinomatic viscosity at 100 F. of about 31.7, and a naphthenic/ isoparaflinic molar ratio of about 032:1,
- Greases 1 and 3 of the invention possess outstanding lubricating properties over a very broad range of temperatures. It is noteworthy that although the fluids used in preparing Greases 1 and 3 have considerably higher viscosities than the fluid employed in Grease X, the low temperature starting torque values of the inventive greases are considerably lower to those of the conventional prodnot.
- the excellent stability of the present compositions is attributed in part to the unusually strong afiinity of the base vehicle employed therein for the thickening agent. Because of this afiinity, it was also found that generally a smaller amount of thickening agent was required to gel the high-naphthenic content oils employed in the present compositions to grease consistency, than was required to thicken conventional olefin-polymer fluids. For example, it was found that While it required approximately 4.6% w. of clay to gel a conventional l-decene polymer to an ASTM penetration of 275, it took only 3.8% of the same clay to gel Fluid A to an equivalent penetration.
- a grease composition consisting essentially of a thickened high-naphthenic content synthetic hydrocarbon lubricating oil comprising hydrogenated C to C oligomers of a C -C normal alpha-olefin, said synthetic hydrocarbon oil having a kinematic viscosity of from about to 100 es. and a molar ratio of naphthenic oligomers to isoparaifinic oligomers of at least 0.7:1.
- the grease composition of claim 1 wherein the alphaolefin is a C alpha-olefin or a mixture of alpha-olefins with an average chain length of 8. to 10 carbon atoms.
- the grease composition of claim 3 wherein the alphaolefin is a mixture of 25 mole l-hexene, 25% mole 1- octene and mole l-decene.
- composition of claim 4 wherein the molar ratio of naphthenic oligomers to isoparailinic oligomers is from about 0.85:1 to 1:1.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US4713370A | 1970-06-17 | 1970-06-17 | |
US4712570A | 1970-06-17 | 1970-06-17 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US00047125A Expired - Lifetime US3712864A (en) | 1970-06-17 | 1970-06-17 | Synthetic hydrocarbon based grease compositions |
US47133A Expired - Lifetime US3682823A (en) | 1970-06-17 | 1970-06-17 | Synthetic oils from alpha-olefins |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US47133A Expired - Lifetime US3682823A (en) | 1970-06-17 | 1970-06-17 | Synthetic oils from alpha-olefins |
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Country | Link |
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US (2) | US3712864A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5438268B1 (fr) |
CA (2) | CA954500A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2129645C2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2096350A5 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1306177A (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4261841A (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1981-04-14 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Lubricating composition comprising hydrogenated oligomers of 1,3-diolefins and a calcium petroleum sulfonate |
US6093861A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 2000-07-25 | Muntz; Pieter Jan Dirk | Lubricating oil composition |
EP2465905A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-20 | General Electric Company | Systèmes de libération de glace comprenant des compositions de silicones et grais |
WO2019133238A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Compositions de graisse pour opération à basses températures |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT981300B (it) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-10-10 | Snam Progetti | Olii lubrificanti sintetici da cracking termico di polimeri ad altissima viscosita |
US3925217A (en) * | 1974-03-28 | 1975-12-09 | Monsanto Co | Lubricants for rolling contact bearings |
JPS5740197B2 (fr) * | 1974-05-31 | 1982-08-25 | ||
US4032471A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1977-06-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Process for preparing yttrium oxide and rare earth metal oxide phosphors |
US4032591A (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1977-06-28 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Preparation of alpha-olefin oligomer synthetic lubricant |
CA1113707A (fr) * | 1978-03-09 | 1981-12-08 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Utilisation d'hydrocarbures liquides synthetiques dans les transformateurs |
FR2501224A1 (fr) * | 1981-03-03 | 1982-09-10 | Nyco Sa | Nouveau fluide hydraulique a base de polymeres isoparaffiniques |
US4992183A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1991-02-12 | Ethyl Corporation | Multigrade hydrogenated decene-1 oligomer engine oils |
US7396970B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2008-07-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Monitoring and control of processes for making 1-hexene |
JP5436022B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-23 | 2014-03-05 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 潤滑油 |
AU2015256353B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2019-05-02 | Ineos Usa, Llc | Drilling fluid and process of making the same |
BR112020021866A2 (pt) | 2018-04-25 | 2021-01-26 | Ineos Oligomers Usa Llc | fluidos sintéticos com biodegradabilidade melhorada |
-
1970
- 1970-06-17 US US00047125A patent/US3712864A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-06-17 US US47133A patent/US3682823A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-06-15 CA CA115,709A patent/CA954500A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-06-15 JP JP4226171A patent/JPS5438268B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-06-15 FR FR7121676A patent/FR2096350A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-06-15 CA CA115,708A patent/CA945095A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-06-15 DE DE2129645A patent/DE2129645C2/de not_active Expired
- 1971-06-15 GB GB2796171A patent/GB1306177A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4261841A (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1981-04-14 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Lubricating composition comprising hydrogenated oligomers of 1,3-diolefins and a calcium petroleum sulfonate |
US6093861A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 2000-07-25 | Muntz; Pieter Jan Dirk | Lubricating oil composition |
EP2465905A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-20 | General Electric Company | Systèmes de libération de glace comprenant des compositions de silicones et grais |
WO2019133238A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Compositions de graisse pour opération à basses températures |
US10676689B2 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2020-06-09 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Grease compositions for low temperature operation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA945095A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
JPS5438268B1 (fr) | 1979-11-20 |
DE2129645A1 (de) | 1971-12-23 |
US3682823A (en) | 1972-08-08 |
CA954500A (en) | 1974-09-10 |
GB1306177A (fr) | 1973-02-07 |
FR2096350A5 (fr) | 1972-02-11 |
DE2129645C2 (de) | 1982-03-18 |
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