US3711277A - Method of alloying together with semikilling steel - Google Patents
Method of alloying together with semikilling steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3711277A US3711277A US00845501A US3711277DA US3711277A US 3711277 A US3711277 A US 3711277A US 00845501 A US00845501 A US 00845501A US 3711277D A US3711277D A US 3711277DA US 3711277 A US3711277 A US 3711277A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- manganese
- alloy
- steel
- melt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001336 Semi-killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 21
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000720 Silicomanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ASTZLJPZXLHCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)silane;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O ASTZLJPZXLHCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
Definitions
- This allow may also contain 0.5% to 5% aluminum.
- a high-quality semikilled steel ingot is formed with an oxygen content of the order of 0.010 to 0.015%.
- manganese and silicon are added .to the melt.
- the melt With steel containing the usual 0.05 to 0.20% by weight of carbon, the melt must contain 0.012% by weight of oxygen in order to form high-quality semikilled steel. Should this percentage of oxygen vary, the ingot will either greatly expand, thereby bringing about surface flaws, or will harden under underpressure with the accompanying disadvantage. In either case, the desired effect will not be reached. It is very diflicult and almost impossible in practice to hold this oxygen at the optimum level (about 0.012% by weight) necessary for simple manufacture of semikilled steel.
- a more specific object is to provide such a method which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages and, thereby, allows a simple, economical and high quality production of semikilled steel.
- a further object of this invention is to provide an improved method of making steel ingots which solidify under overpressure and have an oxygen content in the range of 0.010 to 0.015% by weight without further control of the oxygen content in the ingot mold.
- manganese 50% to 85% by weight manganese (preferably 60% to 2% to 15% by weight silicon,
- This alloy is added in a quantity sufiicient to give the melt a manganese content between 0.35 and 1.20% by weight.
- the melt is then cast in a mold and allowed to solidify under overpressure as is conventional for semikilled steels of the proper composition.
- the alloy contains 0.5 to 5% by weight of aluminum.
- the silicon concentration in accordance with yet another feature of the invention, is set accordingto the manganese level in the melt.
- the alloy preferably contains between 9% and 15% of silicon, whereas for a melt with between 0.60% and 1% by weight of manganese the silicon level is held between 3% and 9% by weight in the alloy.
- the invention is based on the theory that the titanium content, and generally also the aluminum content, 18 particularly important in the deoxidization of liquid melted steel, having an apparent oxygen-controlling effect which is much greater than their quantities would seem to imply.
- the presence of titanium in the alloy allows simple obtention of a low oxygen level in the melt, a level which is much lower than would be obtained without the titanium.
- the silicomanganese used in the prior-art methods often included some titanium as an impurity; however, since the criticality of this element and the amount present was not recognized, its concentration was largely ignored and haphazard results were, therefore, obtained.
- the effect of this titanium seems to be that it forms titaniumoxide seed growth on which the manganese silicate can heterogeneously precipitate in grains. The slight amount of deoxidation which may be attributed to the use of titanium cannot account for the effect it has in controlling and establishing the oxygen content of the final ingot.
- This alloy is made by dissolving ferrosilicon and aluminum in melted titanium-containing blast-furnace ferromanganese.
- This melt is cast without further deoxidation and forms a block with a slightly convex (domed) top indicative of solidification under overpressure.
- This alloy is made by dissolving ferrosilicon in melted titanium-containing blast-fur- 'nace ferromanganese.
- the mixture is formed in 10 to 20 ton slab molds and are rolled out into shipbuilding plate.
- the plate of the invention has between 77% and 80% perfect surfaces, in comparison .with the plate made according to the prior-art system which has between 33% and 37% perfect surfaces. Similarly, the percentage of waste due to piping dropped from 4.6% to 1.9%.
- a method of alloying as well as semikilling a steel melt to produce an ingot of semikilled steel comprising the steps of:
- balance iron and the usual impurities in a controlled amount and composition so that subsequent to adding said alloy to said melt the latter will contain from 0.35% to 1.20% by weight manganese inversely related to the amount of silicon in said alloy as illustrated in 9% to 15% by weight silicon for 0.35% to 0.60% by weight manganese and 3% to 9% by weight silicon for 0.60% to 1.00% by weight manganese; and thereafter casting said melt into an ingot.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
ADMIXED WITH A LADLE OF LIQUID UNKILLED STEEL OF THE SIEMENS-MARTIN (OPEN-HEART) TYPE TO YIELD A MANGANESE CONTENT OF 0.35 TO 1.20% BY WEIGHT IS AN ALLOY HAVING THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION: 50% TO 85% BY WEIGHT OF MANGANESE (PREFEREABLY 6075%), 2% TO 15% BY WEIGHT OF SILICON, 0.02% TO 0.5% WEIGHT OF TITANIUM, AND THE BALANCE IRON AND THE USUAL IMPURITIES. THIS ALLOY MAY ALSO CONTAIN 0.5% TO 5% ALUMINUM. ON CASTING IN AN INGOT MOLD, A HIGH-QUALITY SEMIKILLED STEEL INGOT IS FORMED WITH AN OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE ORDER OF 0.010 TO 0.015%.
Description
United States Patent ice 3,711,277 METHOD OF ALLOYING TOGETHER WITH SEMIKILLING STEEL Ludwig von Brogdandy, Helmut Richter, and Eckehard Forster, Oberhausen, Germany, assignors to Huttenwerk Oberhausen A.G., O'berhausen, Germany N0 Drawing. Filed July 28, 1969, Ser. N0. 845,501
Claims priority, application Germany, Aug. 1, 1968, P 17 58 750.7 Int. Cl. C21c 7/06; C22c 35/00 US. Cl. 75-129 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Admixed with a ladle of liquid unkilled; steel of the Siemens-Martin (open-hearth) type to yield a manganese content of 0.35 to 1.20% by weight is an alloy having the following composition:
50% to 85% by weight of manganese (preferably 60- 2% to 15% by weight of silicon,
0.02% to 0.5% weight of titanium, and
the balance iron and the usual impurities.
This allow may also contain 0.5% to 5% aluminum. On casting in an ingot mold, a high-quality semikilled steel ingot is formed with an oxygen content of the order of 0.010 to 0.015%.
since it avoids piping and yields an ingot which can be rolled with greater perfection and economy, and pro duces rolled bodies of higher quality.
In order to provide overpressure solidification and to obtain a finished product of relatively exact composition, manganese and silicon are added .to the melt.
With steel containing the usual 0.05 to 0.20% by weight of carbon, the melt must contain 0.012% by weight of oxygen in order to form high-quality semikilled steel. Should this percentage of oxygen vary, the ingot will either greatly expand, thereby bringing about surface flaws, or will harden under underpressure with the accompanying disadvantage. In either case, the desired effect will not be reached. It is very diflicult and almost impossible in practice to hold this oxygen at the optimum level (about 0.012% by weight) necessary for simple manufacture of semikilled steel.
It is further known to admix to the melt silicon, manganese and aluminum one after the other, using for example silicomanganese, an alloy of around 20% silicon. 60% manganese, and the balance of iron and the usual impurities. It is often necessary in such a method to make subsequent additions in the mold when the oxygen level is not just right. Such later additions makes for a finished product of dubious quality and of a composition which might well be far from the desired one.
It has been found that when manganese and silicon are used simultaneously to deoxidize a batch of steel, an oxygen level is obtained that is often lower than that which could be reached by silicon and manganese alone and, with customary steel compositions (i.e. more than 0.6% manganese and 0.1% silicon), which appears to be inde- 3,711,277 Patented Jan. 16, 1973 pendent of the silicon concentration and is scarcely dependent upon the steels manganese concentration. It has been, in earlier practice, impossible to set the desired oxygen level only through the use of manganese and silicon, without further additions in the mold.
It is, therefore, the general object of the present invention to provide an improved method of producing semikilled steel ingots.
A more specific object is to provide such a method which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages and, thereby, allows a simple, economical and high quality production of semikilled steel.-
A further object of this invention is to provide an improved method of making steel ingots which solidify under overpressure and have an oxygen content in the range of 0.010 to 0.015% by weight without further control of the oxygen content in the ingot mold.
The above objects are attained, in accordance with the present invention, by a method of producing semikilled steel wherein, prior to ingot casting, an alloy of the following composition is admixed with the melt:
50% to 85% by weight manganese (preferably 60% to 2% to 15% by weight silicon,
0 to 5% by weight aluminum,
0.02% to 0.5% by weight titanium, and
the balance iron and the usual impurities.
This alloy is added in a quantity sufiicient to give the melt a manganese content between 0.35 and 1.20% by weight. The melt is then cast in a mold and allowed to solidify under overpressure as is conventional for semikilled steels of the proper composition.
According to another feature of the present invention, the alloy contains 0.5 to 5% by weight of aluminum.
The silicon concentration, in accordance with yet another feature of the invention, is set accordingto the manganese level in the melt. For a melt with between 0.35% and 0.50% by weight of manganese the alloy preferably contains between 9% and 15% of silicon, whereas for a melt with between 0.60% and 1% by weight of manganese the silicon level is held between 3% and 9% by weight in the alloy.
The invention is based on the theory that the titanium content, and generally also the aluminum content, 18 particularly important in the deoxidization of liquid melted steel, having an apparent oxygen-controlling effect which is much greater than their quantities would seem to imply. In particular, the presence of titanium in the alloy allows simple obtention of a low oxygen level in the melt, a level which is much lower than would be obtained without the titanium. The silicomanganese used in the prior-art methods often included some titanium as an impurity; however, since the criticality of this element and the amount present was not recognized, its concentration was largely ignored and haphazard results were, therefore, obtained. The effect of this titanium seems to be that it forms titaniumoxide seed growth on which the manganese silicate can heterogeneously precipitate in grains. The slight amount of deoxidation which may be attributed to the use of titanium cannot account for the effect it has in controlling and establishing the oxygen content of the final ingot.
Thus, as long as the manganese concentration in the melt is held between 0.35% and 1.20% by weight through addition of the alloy of the present invention, the oxygen level in the steel remains in all cases between 0.010% and 0.015% by weight. In other words, the addition of the alloy described above, which itself constitutes a feature of the present invention, automatically regulates the oxygen level in the melt so that the killing process EXAMPLE I A melt from a Siemens-Martin open-hearth furnace is at a temperature of 1600 C. and has, 'by weight, 0.07% carbon and 0.12% manganese. An alloy having the following composition:
64% by weight manganese, 12% by weight silicon,
4% by weight aluminum, 0.08% by weight titanium, and
the balance iron and the usual impurities,
and in quantity equal to 0.65% of the weight of the melt is added to the melt in an ingot casting ladle. This alloy is made by dissolving ferrosilicon and aluminum in melted titanium-containing blast-furnace ferromanganese.
Subsequent to the addition of this alloy, the melt is analysed and has the following ingredients in the following percentages, by weight:
0.11% carbon, 0.41% manganese, and 0.012% oxygen.
This melt is cast without further deoxidation and forms a block with a slightly convex (domed) top indicative of solidification under overpressure.
EXAMPLE II A melt from an open-hearth furnace at 1600 C. has, by weight, 0.07% carbon and 0.12% manganese. An
alloy having the following composition:
64% by weight manganese, 12% by weight silicon,
0.1% by weight titanium, and
the balance iron and the usual impurities and in quantity equal to 0.65% of the weight of the melt is added to the melt. This alloy is made by dissolving ferrosilicon in melted titanium-containing blast-fur- 'nace ferromanganese.
Subsequent to the addition of this alloy the .melt is analyzed and has the following ingredients in the following percentages, by weight:
0.1 1% carbon, 0.41% manganese, and 0.012% oxygen.
EXAMPLE n1 Twenty batches from a 2,280 ton open-hearth blast furnace containing 0.10% to 0.17% by weight carbon and 0.70% to 1.0% by weight manganese are admixed with an alloy consisting of:
70% by weight manganese, 7% by weight silicon,
0.1% by weight titanium 2% by weight aluminum,
6.5% by weight carbon, and
the balance iron and the usual impurities.
Subsequent to the addition of this alloy the melt is analyzed and has the following ingredients in the following percentages, by weight:
0.15% carbon, 0.85% manganese, and 0.012% oxygen.
The mixture is formed in 10 to 20 ton slab molds and are rolled out into shipbuilding plate.
The plate of the invention has between 77% and 80% perfect surfaces, in comparison .with the plate made according to the prior-art system which has between 33% and 37% perfect surfaces. Similarly, the percentage of waste due to piping dropped from 4.6% to 1.9%.
We claim:
1. A method of alloying as well as semikilling a steel melt to produce an ingot of semikilled steel, comprising the steps of:
forming an unkilled liquid steel melt of anopen-hearth steel with a manganese and carbon content selected from the group which consists of 0.07% carbon and 0.12% manganese, and 0.10 to 0.17% carbon and 0.70 to 1.0% manganese;
partially killing said melt by adding thereto an consisting essentially of:
60% to by weight manganese,
3% to 15% by weight silicon,
0.02 to 0.5% by weight titanium,
0 to 5% by weight aluminum, and
balance iron and the usual impurities in a controlled amount and composition so that subsequent to adding said alloy to said melt the latter will contain from 0.35% to 1.20% by weight manganese inversely related to the amount of silicon in said alloy as illustrated in 9% to 15% by weight silicon for 0.35% to 0.60% by weight manganese and 3% to 9% by weight silicon for 0.60% to 1.00% by weight manganese; and thereafter casting said melt into an ingot.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said alloy further consists of 0.5% to 5% by weight aluminum.
alloy References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,000,731 9/1961 Ototani 75-129 3,131,058 4/1964 Ototani 75l29 3,119,688 1/1964 Rogers et a1 75-134 M X 3,132,936 5/ 1964 Nishida. 7 5-53 OTHER REFERENCES Metals Handbook, 1948 ed., A.S.M., pp. 337-339.
HY LAND BIZOT, Primary Examiner J. E. LEGRU, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 7557
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681758750 DE1758750B1 (en) | 1968-08-01 | 1968-08-01 | Use of an alloy for the manufacture of semi-killed steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3711277A true US3711277A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
Family
ID=5695201
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00845501A Expired - Lifetime US3711277A (en) | 1968-08-01 | 1969-07-28 | Method of alloying together with semikilling steel |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3711277A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE736555A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1758750B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2014830B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1212655A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6911675A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3990887A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1976-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold working steel bar and wire rod produced by continuous casting |
| US4525211A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-06-25 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing a microkilled steel suitable for freerun continuous casting for subsequent cold forming |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5752418B2 (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1982-11-08 |
-
1968
- 1968-08-01 DE DE19681758750 patent/DE1758750B1/en active Pending
-
1969
- 1969-07-15 GB GB35604/69A patent/GB1212655A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-07-17 FR FR6924314A patent/FR2014830B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1969-07-25 BE BE736555D patent/BE736555A/xx unknown
- 1969-07-28 US US00845501A patent/US3711277A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-07-31 NL NL6911675A patent/NL6911675A/xx unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3990887A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1976-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Cold working steel bar and wire rod produced by continuous casting |
| US4525211A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-06-25 | Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing a microkilled steel suitable for freerun continuous casting for subsequent cold forming |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1212655A (en) | 1970-11-18 |
| FR2014830B1 (en) | 1974-12-06 |
| BE736555A (en) | 1969-12-31 |
| NL6911675A (en) | 1970-02-03 |
| FR2014830A1 (en) | 1970-04-24 |
| DE1758750B1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
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