US3710584A - Low-loss closed-loop supply system for transferring liquified gas from a large container to a small container - Google Patents

Low-loss closed-loop supply system for transferring liquified gas from a large container to a small container Download PDF

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Publication number
US3710584A
US3710584A US00083460A US3710584DA US3710584A US 3710584 A US3710584 A US 3710584A US 00083460 A US00083460 A US 00083460A US 3710584D A US3710584D A US 3710584DA US 3710584 A US3710584 A US 3710584A
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
liquified gas
vessel
tank
valve
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US00083460A
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English (en)
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K Leonard
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Cryogenic Engineering Co
Azenta Inc
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Cryogenic Engineering Co
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Assigned to FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, AS AGENT reassignment FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, AS AGENT CONDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HELIX TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
Assigned to HELIX TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE reassignment HELIX TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON THE, AS AGENT
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Assigned to CHEMICAL BANK reassignment CHEMICAL BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CYENCO, INC.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for filling small containers from large containers and more particularly to a method and apparatus for filling a small container with liquified gas from a large container, without the loss of gas vapor.
  • oxygen converters used for converting liquified oxygen (LOX) to a gas for use by the crews of high altitude aircraft are usually filled from larger tanks; and, in this regard, objects of this invention are to provide a new and improved method and apparatus for transferring a liquified gas from one container to another.
  • LOX liquified oxygen
  • the liquified gasis first transferred from a supply tank to an intermediate tank by gravity flow. After a predetermined amount of the liquified gas has been transferred in this manner, pressure is equalized between the intermediate tank and the container to be filled. Thereafter, pressure from the container is bled down into the supply tank causing liquified gas to flow from the intermediate tank into the container. Transfer is ended after the container has received a desired amount of liquified gas. Thereafter, pressure is equalized between the supply and intermediate tanks, and the cycle is repeated to fill a second container.
  • the supply container and the intermediate container are vacuum insulated, as are the lines interconnecting the supply tank, the intermediate tank and the converter so as to further conserve gas by preventing boiloff loss.
  • the invention provides an uncomplicated method liquid gas from a supply container or tank to a smaller container or converter with low vapor loss.
  • the need for an expensive cryogenic pump is eliminated.
  • the high boil-off associated with the use of cryogenic pumps is also eliminated.
  • the invention can be utilized to transfer other types of liquified gases.
  • the invention can be utilized to transfer flamable liquified gases, such as hydrogen and natural gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating the sequence of transfer between the supply container and the container to be filled;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a condensing system for use with the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 6; and,
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an alternate embodiment of a portion of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention and comprises: a supply tank 11; an intermediate tank 13; a converter 15; four primary valves 17,.18, 19 and 21; four secondary valves 23, 25, 27 and 29; an automatic valve 31; two pressure relief valves 33 and 35; a rupture disc 37; and, three pressure indicators designated P1, P2 and P3.
  • the supply tank has a liquid input/output line 39 and a vapor input/output line 41'
  • the intermediate tank 13 which is of the saddle-type has a liquid input/output line 43 and a vapor input/output line 45
  • the converter has a liquid input/output line 47 and a vapor input/output line 49.
  • the liquid input/output line 39 of the supply tank is connected by pipes through the first secondary valve 23 and a filter 51 to an input connection.
  • the input connection allows liquified oxygen (or another liquified gas, as the case may be) to be inserted into the supply tank 11 to fill that tank.
  • the liquid input/output line 39 of the supply tank 11 is also connected by pipes through the first primary valve 17 and a first supply saddle coupling member 53 to the liquid input/output line 43 of the saddle tank 13.
  • the vapor input/output line 45 of the saddle tank 13 is connected by pipes through a second supply/saddle coupling member 55 and the second primary valve 18 to the vapor input/output line 41 of the supply tank 1 l.
  • a pressure sensor 57 located in the saddle tank, is connected by pipes through a heat exchanger coil 58, a pressure regulating valve 59, and the second secondary valve 25 to the pipe line connecting the vapor input/output lines of the saddle and supply tanks 11 and 13.
  • the same pipe line is also connected to P2 and through the first pressure relief valve 33 to a vent output.
  • the vapor input/output line 41 of the supply tank 11 is also connected by a pipe through the third secondary valve 27 to the vent output, through the second pressure relief valve 35 to the vent output and through the rupture disc 37 to the vent output.
  • the vapor input/output line 41 of the supply tank 11 is connected to P1.
  • the liquid input/output line 39 of the supply tank 11 is connected by a pipe through the fourth secondary valve 29 and a heat exchanger coil 61 to the vapor input/output line 41 of the supply tank 1 1.
  • the liquid input/output line 43 of the saddle tank 13 is connected by pipes through a saddle-converter coupling member 63 to a first terminal on one side of the automatic valve 31.
  • the liquid input/output line of the supply tank 39 is connected by pipes through the third primary valve 19 and a supply/converter coupling element 65 to a second terminal on the same side of the automatic valve 31.
  • the fourth primary valve 21 is in a pipe connected across the first and second terminals on this same side of the automatic valve 31.
  • P3 is connected to the pipe line that connects the liquid input/output line 39 of the supply tank 11 to the automatic valve 31.
  • the other side of the automatic valve 31 is connected by pipes to the liquid and vapor input/output lines 47 and 49 of the converter 15.
  • All of the pipe lines connecting the supply tank to the saddle tank and connecting the supply and saddle tanks to the converter are vacuum insulated to prevent undesirable boil-off.
  • the remaining lines are not illustrated as being insulated, however, they may be insulated, if desired.
  • the insulated lines connecting the supply tank and the saddle tank and the converter form the primary apparatus of the invention and are utilized to carry out the method as hereinafter described with respect to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.
  • the remaining lines provide a means for filling the supply tank as well as for venting the various vapor lines and tanks as necessary to the normal operation of a liquified gas system, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the first pressure relief valve 33 provides pressure relief for the saddle tank.
  • the second pressure relief valve 35 provides pressure relief for the supply tank.
  • the heat exchanger coil 58 and 61 allows vaporization of the liquid to build pressure in their respective saddle and supply tanks, when desired.
  • the pressure in both the supply tank and the saddle tank is zero psig.
  • the pressure in the converter tank is in the range of 50-100 psig.
  • the temperature of the converter is substantially at liquified oxygen temperature.
  • the saddle tank is at a lower elevation than the supply tank.
  • the first step of the method of the invention is the opening of the first and second primary valves 17 and 18 (FIG. 2).
  • the liquid flows by gravity from the supply tank 11 through the first valve 17 into the saddle tank and vapor flows from the saddle tank through the second valve 18 into the supply tank.
  • the fourth primary valve 21 is closed and the third primary valve 19 is opened (FIG. 4).
  • the pressure differential between the converter 15 and the supply tank 11 causes vapor to flow from the converter 15 to the supply tank 11.
  • This action causes liquid to flow from the saddle tank 13 into the converter 15.
  • Any vapor produced by this liquid flow passes into the supply tank 11 and bubbles through the liquid phase in the supply tank to cause turbulence in the supply tank which reduces thermal Stratification and undue pressure rise in the supply tank.
  • a one-way valve 67 is included in the automatic valve 31.
  • the third primary valve 19 is closed.
  • the automatic valve 31 is closed and the converter is disconnected.
  • the second primary valve 18 is then opened to bring the pressure in the saddle tank down to the pressure in the supply tank. Because of the accumulation of vapor in these insulated tanks, the pressure in the tanks will rise, up to 20 psig, for example.
  • the supply tank starts at an initial pressure of about 20 psig.
  • the pressure in the supply and saddle tanks will be about 40 psig, for this example. Consequently, ultimately, it will become necessary to reduce the pressure in the supply and saddle tanks.
  • Pressure in the supply tank 11 and intermediate tank 13 is, preferably, reduced by either of two methods.
  • these tanks are removed to a remote area and bled down by allowing the oxygen vapor to be vented into the atmosphere.
  • the tanks may be provided with condensing loops 70 and 71 in FIG. 5 for circulating liquified nitrogen from a nitrogen supply tank 72.
  • liquified nitrogen from the condensing fluid tank 72 is directed bymeans of suitable valving, not shown, through insulated lines 74 and 75 into the loops 70 and 71 where the tank vapors are condensed in the tanks themselves.
  • the nitrogen vapors are then vented to the atmosphere as illustrated in the FIG. 5 schematic. In this manner the pressures in the supply and saddle tanks are not only reduced to substantially zero but the tank vapors are condensed and recovered without the possible danger of their being released into the atmosphere.
  • vapor from the converter flows out of end 78 of line 43 after the converter is coupled to the system and valves 21 and 31 are opened.
  • the vapor from 78 flows upwardly through the saddle tanks liquid to cause turbulence which, in many cases, is undesirable.
  • the intermediate tank 13 is not a long term storage tank and, therefore, does not have the thermal Stratification problems of the supply tank 11. Consequently, although it can be advantageous for vapor to bubble through the liquid phase of the supply tank, this is not generally the case with the intermediate tank.
  • FIG. 6 structure eliminates both the bubbling of vapor from the converter 15 through the saddle tanks liquid phase and eliminates the need for the FIG. 1 embodiments valve 21.
  • the FIG. 6 embodiment includes a vacuum insulated line 80 extending between point 82 on the supply tank s line 39 and point 84 at the top of the saddle-type intermediate tank 13.
  • the line 80 includes a one-way check valve 86 for permitting vapor to flow only in the direction of the arrow (toward point 84); and does not include either a valve such as 21 or a line extending between the converters liquid-input and vapor-output lines.
  • the remainder of the FIG. 6 embodiment is the same as FIG. 1 and will not be further described.
  • FIG. 6 embodiment The operation of the FIG. 6 embodiment is similar to that of FIG. 1.
  • liquid is first transferred from the supply tank to the intermediate tank and the pressure therebetween is equalized before the supply and saddle tanks are isolated.
  • the converter is coupled to the system at coupling elements 63 and 65; and vapor from converter 15 flows into the top of the saddle tank 13 through line 80 and the check valve 86.
  • valve 19 is opened to permit vapor from converter 15 to flow into the supply tank 11 in the same manner as was described in connection with the first embodiment.
  • fluid from the saddle tank is forced through line 43 and check valve 67 into the converter.
  • the check valve 86 prevents the vapor from the saddle tank from flowing at this time into either the supply tank or the converter. In other respects, operation of the two embodiments is the same.
  • the invention comprises a method and apparatus for filling a small container or converter from a large container or supply tank.
  • the method comprises the steps of: equalizing the pressure between first and second vessels in the supply system; transferring liquid from the first vessel to the second vessel and transferring vapor from the second vessel to the first vessel; isolating the first vessel from the second vessel; equalizing the pressure between the second vessel and the container for receiving the liquified gas; isolating the vapor phase of the second vessel from the vapor phase of the container for liquified gas; connecting the first vessel to the container; connecting the second vessel to the container for liquified gas so that liquid from said second vessel flows into said container while vapor from the container flows into the first vessel; and, isolating the container from said first and second vessels.
  • this method has certain advantages in that it eliminatesthe necessity for pumping the liquified gas from one vessel to a second vessel. In addition it eliminates some of the other inherent disadvantages of former such systems. Moreover, because constant interconnections are provided, vapor loss is greatly reduced over prior art container filling systems; and the method also has the advantage of reducing Stratification in the supply tank.
  • the invention also provides for safe recovery of the supply tank vapors; and provides uncomplicated apparatus for carrying out the method in that only a small quantity of interconnecting lines and valves are utilized to carry out the method of the invention.
  • the vapor condensation step has been described in terms of both supply tank 1 1 and saddle tank 13, it will be apparent that where the vapor phases of the two tanks are connected together as by valve 18, the condensation step can take place by connection of either tank into one of the loops 70.
  • a low-loss method of filling a container for liquified gas from a supply system comprising the steps of:
  • a low-loss method of filling a container for liquified gas from a supply system as claimed in claim 1 including the additional step of:
  • the method of claim 1 including the step of isolating the vapor phase of said second vessel from the vapor phase of said container after said step of equalizing the pressure between said second vessel and said container.
  • the method of claim 8 including the step of returning the condensate to the liquid phase of at least one of said first and second vessels.
  • the method of claim 10 including the step of condensing vapors from at least one of said first and second vessels.
  • the method of claim 11 including the step of returning the condensate to the liquid phase of at least one of said first and second vessels.
  • a pump-free low-loss supply system for filling a container for liquified gas comprising:
  • a supply tank for housing said liquified gas
  • first interconnecting means for interconnecting said intermediate tank to said supply tank for allowing liquid to flow from said supply tank to said intermediate tank and vapor to flow from said intermediate tank to said supply tank;
  • second interconnecting means for interconnecting said intermediate tank and supply tank to said container so as to allow gas from said container to flow from said container to said intermediate tank and thereafter allow liquid from said intermediate tank to flow into said container while vapor from said container for liquified gas flows into said supply tank, said liquid being transferred pump-free from said supply tank to said container.
  • said supply tank includes an input/output vapor line and an input/output liquid line;
  • said intermediate tank includes an input/output vapor line and an input/output liquid line;
  • said first interconnecting means comprises:
  • a first pipeline for interconnecting said first valve, said input/output vapor line of said supply tank and said input/output vapor line of said intermediate tank;
  • a second pipeline for interconnecting said input/output liquid line of said supply tank, said second valve and said input/output liquid line of said intermediate tank.
  • a fourth valve having first and second terminals on a first side and first and second terminals on a second side, the first terminal on said first side connected through an intermediate valve to the first terminal on said second side and the second terminal on said first side connected through another intermediate valve to the second terminal on the second side;
  • a fifth valve interconnecting the first and second terminals on the first side of said fourth valve, the first and second terminals of the second side of said fourth valve connected to said container.
  • means for directing said condensing fluid to said condenser located so that vapors from at least one of said tanks is brought into contact therewith and causes said vapors to condense.
  • said second interconnecting means includes a pipeline for connecting the vapor phase of said container to the vapor phase of said intermediate tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
US00083460A 1970-10-23 1970-10-23 Low-loss closed-loop supply system for transferring liquified gas from a large container to a small container Expired - Lifetime US3710584A (en)

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US8346070A 1970-10-23 1970-10-23

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US (1) US3710584A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5221207B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA960136A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2152260C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2131238A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1363737A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754407A (en) * 1970-02-26 1973-08-28 L Tyree Method and system for cooling material using carbon dioxide snow
US3882687A (en) * 1973-01-25 1975-05-13 Linde Ag Method of and apparatus for the cooling of an object
US4220154A (en) * 1976-12-11 1980-09-02 Kurt Semm Device for coagulating biological tissue
WO1988004007A1 (en) * 1986-11-19 1988-06-02 Pub-Gas International Pty. Ltd. Storage and transportation of liquid co2
US4909038A (en) * 1988-12-15 1990-03-20 Ncr Corporation Control system for dispensing a cryogenic fluid
AU595849B2 (en) * 1986-11-19 1990-04-12 Pub-Gas International Pty. Ltd. Storage and transportation of liquid co2
US5165246A (en) * 1991-11-15 1992-11-24 Praxair Technology Inc. Transport trailer for ultra-high-purity cryogenic liquids
WO1994018493A1 (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Glen Elvis Mcintosh Natural gas vehicle fuel vapor delivery system
US5373702A (en) * 1993-07-12 1994-12-20 Minnesota Valley Engineering, Inc. LNG delivery system
US5421162A (en) * 1994-02-23 1995-06-06 Minnesota Valley Engineering, Inc. LNG delivery system
EP1012511A4 (en) * 1997-08-05 2004-11-03 Chart Inc TRANSFER DEVICE FOR CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS
US20070101742A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-10 Laskaris Evangelos T A cooling system for superconducting magnets
US20140150471A1 (en) * 2011-12-19 2014-06-05 Nexans Method for cooling a plant for superconductive cables
CN103867885A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2014-06-18 西安航天动力试验技术研究所 一种液体甲烷加注系统
WO2024200439A1 (de) * 2023-03-28 2024-10-03 MTU Aero Engines AG Wasserstoff-tanksystem

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX146492A (es) * 1977-04-04 1982-07-02 Frigitronics Of Conn Inc Mejoras a sistema para surtir un criogeno,por ejemplo nitrogeno liquido
FR2663714B1 (fr) * 1990-06-20 1992-09-11 Air Liquide Procede et installation de transfert d'hydrogene liquide.
DE19546659C2 (de) * 1995-12-14 1999-01-07 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Einrichtung zum Betanken eines Fahrzeugs
RU2237833C1 (ru) * 2003-08-11 2004-10-10 Мкртычан Яков Сергеевич Способ заправки баллонов и сосудов сжиженным нефтяным газом
DE102015218234A1 (de) * 2015-09-23 2017-03-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kryogener Druckbehälter für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Temperatursensor im Außenbereich eines Außenbehälters
FR3074254B1 (fr) * 2017-11-24 2021-06-04 Engie Dispositif et procede de fourniture de gaz naturel liquefie

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US2487863A (en) * 1946-07-01 1949-11-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Tank car unloading system
US2632302A (en) * 1949-06-29 1953-03-24 Air Prod Inc Volatile liquid pumping
US3034308A (en) * 1959-08-25 1962-05-15 British Oxygen Co Ltd Storage of liquefied gases
US3106071A (en) * 1961-08-16 1963-10-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co System for filling closed containers with volatile liquids
US3369371A (en) * 1966-10-05 1968-02-20 Robert J. Holly Gas saver and pollution eliminator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL44397C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1934-11-14
BE413011A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1935-01-24

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2487863A (en) * 1946-07-01 1949-11-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Tank car unloading system
US2632302A (en) * 1949-06-29 1953-03-24 Air Prod Inc Volatile liquid pumping
US3034308A (en) * 1959-08-25 1962-05-15 British Oxygen Co Ltd Storage of liquefied gases
US3106071A (en) * 1961-08-16 1963-10-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co System for filling closed containers with volatile liquids
US3369371A (en) * 1966-10-05 1968-02-20 Robert J. Holly Gas saver and pollution eliminator

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754407A (en) * 1970-02-26 1973-08-28 L Tyree Method and system for cooling material using carbon dioxide snow
US3882687A (en) * 1973-01-25 1975-05-13 Linde Ag Method of and apparatus for the cooling of an object
US4220154A (en) * 1976-12-11 1980-09-02 Kurt Semm Device for coagulating biological tissue
WO1988004007A1 (en) * 1986-11-19 1988-06-02 Pub-Gas International Pty. Ltd. Storage and transportation of liquid co2
AU595849B2 (en) * 1986-11-19 1990-04-12 Pub-Gas International Pty. Ltd. Storage and transportation of liquid co2
US5177974A (en) * 1986-11-19 1993-01-12 Pub-Gas International Pty. Ltd. Storage and transportation of liquid co2
US4909038A (en) * 1988-12-15 1990-03-20 Ncr Corporation Control system for dispensing a cryogenic fluid
US5165246A (en) * 1991-11-15 1992-11-24 Praxair Technology Inc. Transport trailer for ultra-high-purity cryogenic liquids
WO1994018493A1 (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Glen Elvis Mcintosh Natural gas vehicle fuel vapor delivery system
US5373700A (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-12-20 Mcintosh; Glen E. Natural gas vehicle fuel vapor delivery system
US5373702A (en) * 1993-07-12 1994-12-20 Minnesota Valley Engineering, Inc. LNG delivery system
US5421162A (en) * 1994-02-23 1995-06-06 Minnesota Valley Engineering, Inc. LNG delivery system
EP1012511A4 (en) * 1997-08-05 2004-11-03 Chart Inc TRANSFER DEVICE FOR CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS
US20070101742A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-10 Laskaris Evangelos T A cooling system for superconducting magnets
US20140150471A1 (en) * 2011-12-19 2014-06-05 Nexans Method for cooling a plant for superconductive cables
US10151521B2 (en) * 2011-12-19 2018-12-11 Nexans Method for cooling a plant for superconductive cables
CN103867885A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2014-06-18 西安航天动力试验技术研究所 一种液体甲烷加注系统
CN103867885B (zh) * 2014-03-25 2015-11-18 西安航天动力试验技术研究所 一种液体甲烷加注系统
WO2024200439A1 (de) * 2023-03-28 2024-10-03 MTU Aero Engines AG Wasserstoff-tanksystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA960136A (en) 1974-12-31
DE2152260A1 (de) 1972-07-06
DE2152260B2 (de) 1981-05-14
JPS5221207B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-06-09
DE2152260C3 (de) 1982-01-21
GB1363737A (en) 1974-08-14
FR2131238A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-10

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Effective date: 19910830