US3703907A - Fluid amplifiers - Google Patents

Fluid amplifiers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703907A
US3703907A US3703907DA US3703907A US 3703907 A US3703907 A US 3703907A US 3703907D A US3703907D A US 3703907DA US 3703907 A US3703907 A US 3703907A
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fluid
power stream
stream
laminar
amplifier
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George B Richards
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/005—Circuit elements having no moving parts for measurement techniques, e.g. measuring from a distance; for detection devices, e.g. for presence detection; for sorting measured properties (testing); for gyrometers; for analysis; for chromatography
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
    • F15C1/00—Circuit elements having no moving parts
    • F15C1/18—Turbulence devices, i.e. devices in which a controlling stream will cause a laminar flow to become turbulent ; Diffusion amplifiers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/14—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of pressure
    • G01F23/16—Indicating, recording, or alarm devices being actuated by mechanical or fluid means, e.g. using gas, mercury, or a diaphragm as transmitting element, or by a column of liquid
    • G01F23/161—Indicating, recording, or alarm devices being actuated by mechanical or fluid means, e.g. using gas, mercury, or a diaphragm as transmitting element, or by a column of liquid for discrete levels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2065—Responsive to condition external of system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2076—Utilizing diverse fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • Y10T137/2267—Device including passages having V over gamma configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7287—Liquid level responsive or maintaining systems

Definitions

  • a control means downstream of the inlet in- 1 eludes a wall spaced laterally outward of the power stream and at least partially enclosing same with a guide surface portion of the wall curving outwardly away from the predetermined axis.
  • An access opening to the power stream in the wall of the control means permits introduction of a perturbant signal to thereby alter the power stream from a laminar to a substantially turbulent flow pattern of a significantly greater cross-sectional dimension. This transition results in formation of a low pressure condition between the stream and the guide surface of the wall causing the stream to attach to the guide surface and divert away from the predetermined axis.
  • the present application is a continuation-in-part of 5 INTRODUCTION
  • the present invention is directed generally to fluid amplifiers and, more particularly, is directed to fluid amplifiers of a new class or kind, which have particular utility as liquid level sensing devices. Accordingly, the fluid amplifiers will be disclosed in the foregoing context although the broader principles of the invention will be recognized by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention is directed to a fluid amplifier having an inlet and an outlet zone and adapted for use in a liquid reservoir to sense a change of liquid level therein. More specifically, the amplifier comprises an inlet means including an inlet flow channel adapted to be positioned adjacent the desired liquid sensing level in the reservoir and adapted for directing a substantially laminar power stream of a predetermined crosssectional configuration substantially transversely to the surface of the liquid in the reservoir.
  • the inlet means is constructed and arranged such that the fluid power jet is abruptly altered to a substantially turbulent flow pattern of a materially greater cross-sectional area than that of a predetermined area when the liquid level in the reservoir rises to the sensing level.
  • an outlet means spaced from the inlet means and including a first outlet aligned with the inlet flow channel.
  • the liquid from the inlet flow channel develops a fluid pressure signal of a first predetermined value at the first outlet of the outlet means when the liquid level in the reservoir is below the sensing level and a signal of a second, lesser value when the liquid is at the sensing level.
  • a fluid amplifier comprises an inlet means having a fluid passageway of a predetermined cross-sectional area for developing a substantially laminar power stream of a corresponding cross-sectional area and for directing the power stream along a predetermined axis.
  • the amplifier further comprises control means including wall means spaced laterally outward of the fluid power stream by a predetermined distance and at least partially enclosing the fluid power stream.
  • the wall means includes a guide surface portion curving outwardly away from the predetermined axis as well as an access opening to the fluid power stream which is positioned on the side of the stream opposite that of the guide surface portion.
  • the access opening is provided for introducing a perturbant signal to alter the power stream from a substantially laminar flow to a substantially turbulent flow pattern of a cross-sectional area substantially greater than that of the predetermined area.
  • the wall means is arranged such that a substantially enclosed spade if formed between the turbulent power stream and the wall means causing a low pressure condition to develop therebetween and the power stream to attach to the guide surface and divert away from the predetermined axis.
  • anyoontrol or actuating mechanism positioned on the predetermined axis of the power stream receives a substantial fluid pressure signal in the absence of a perturbant signal and a zero fluid pressure signal in the presence of a perturbant signal.
  • the perturbant signal may, for example, result from the liquid in a reservoir rising to a level so as to flow through the access opening and into intimate contact with the power stream.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an perspective view of a prefered embodiment of a fluid amplifier according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2a is a detail view illustrating an alternate form of the control means of the fluid amplifier of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are cross-sectional views taken along liens 3a-3a of FIG. 2 and depicting the operational characteristics of the fluid amplifier of FIG. 2 in the environment of a liquid reservoir;
  • FIG. 4 is a partially schematic view of a fluid amplifier, similar to that of FIG. 2, but arranged to operate as a fluidic oscillator;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partly in section illustrating another perferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5a 5c, inclusive, are cross-sectional views taken along lines Sa-Sa of FIG. 5 and illustrating the operational characteristics of the fluid amplifier in the sensing of a liquid level within a reservoir;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6a-6c, inclusive, are cross-sectional views taken along lines 6a-6a of FIG. 6 and again illustrating the operational characteristics of the fluid amplifier as a liquid level sensing device;
  • FIG. 7 is an elevational view partly in section of yet another embodiment of the present invention and further including an actuating means selectively operated by the fluid amplifier;
  • FIG. 7a is a sectional view taken along lines 7a-7a of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 7b is an elevational view similar to that of FIG. 7, and is useful in explaining the operational characteristics of the fluid amplifier.
  • the fluid amplifier 10 there illustrated is identical to that disclosed in the aforementioned application Ser. No. 840, l 19.
  • the amplifier includes serially aligned inlet, interaction and outlet zones, respectively, comprising the inlet means 12, the free space 14 separating the inlet and outlet means, and the outlet means 16.
  • the outlet means 16 is formed from a pair of hollow conduit sections positioned in adjacent parallel relationship with hollow connector joining the two sections to provide a liquid flow path from a receiving orifice of the outlet to an outlet flow channel of a inlet-outlet header structure 18 of the amplifier.
  • the inlet 12 is similarly formed from a hollow conduit section with one end suitably secured to the header structure 18.
  • the opposite end of the inlet conduit 12 is restricted in cross-section by a plug which defines a nozzle-like orifice for directing the exit flow across the free space of the interaction region 14 toward and axially aligned and structurally similar orifice plug of the outlet flow conduit 16.
  • the header structure 18 provides a convenient means for effecting a sealed installation of the amplifier within a closed, pressurized tank, such as the chill tank of a carbonated beverage dispensing system. It will be understood, however, that the header 18 forms no part of the present invention and merely serves as a convenient means for utilizing the amplifier in the described, exemplary environment. In other applications, it may be desirable to provide entirely separate structures for the inlet and outlet flow conduits.
  • the lower end of the header 18 is threaded so as to be received in threaded and sealed engagement with a correspondingly threaded opening of a closed tank (not shown).
  • Suitable inlet and outlet fluid pressure lines (not shown) are connected to threaded inlet and outlet bores 18a and 18b, respectively, of the header 18 to thereby provide a fluid flow path through the amplifier 10in the direction indicated by the arrows in the drawing.
  • the fluid power jet exiting from the inlet flow conduit 12 normally diverges in a conical fashion to a limited extent before impingement on the orifice plug of the outlet conduit 16.
  • the unit pressure in the outlet flow channel 16 is reduced relative to that at the orifice of the inlet conduit 12 in correspondence with the increase in cross-sectional area of the jet.
  • the amplifier 10 is conventional; however, it has been found that certain surprising and highly desirable results obtain on associating the amplifier 10 in a unique manner with a fluid reservoir. More particularly and in accordance with the present invention, the fluid amplifier 10 is positioned within a fluid reservoir or the like such that the axis of the fluid jet is transverse to the surface of the liquid herein. Additionally, the terminus of the inlet flow channel 12 is located at a point immediately above a desired liquid sensing level within the reservoir. The desired liquid sensing level for the amplifier 10 is schematically illustrated in the drawing by the horizontal dashed line immediately below the terminus of the inlet flow conduit 12.
  • the liquid jet flowing between .the inlet and outlet orifices substantially maintains the illustrated solid line conical configuration for any fluid level in the reservoir lying below the predetermined sensing level, i.e., the horizontal dashed line.
  • the fluid pressure in the outlet conduit 16 is reasonably constant as a liquid level within the reservoir moves upwardly from a point lying vertically below the orifice plug of the outlet conduit 16 through the free space of the interaction region 14 toward the sensing level.
  • the interaction region spacing 14 was oneinch and the liquid was water under a pressure of approximately 5 psi, it was observed that the liquid jet normally diverged to a focus area of three-sixteenths of an inch but that when the reservoir liquid attained the sensing level the focus area increased almost instantaneously to three-eighths inch in diameter.
  • the foregoing increase in the focus area resulted in a relative pressure change on the order of four to five times. It was further observed that the sensing level occurred at approximately 0.010 inch below the end of the plug in the inlet conduit 12.
  • the above described operational characteristics are related to the differing character of the fluid entrained by the amplifier jet when the reservoir liquid level is respectively below and at the sensing level. Specifically, at all liquid levels below the sensing level, the jet emerging from the nozzle orifice of the amplifier inletl2 entrains only the surrounding gas or air within the system. On the other hand, when the liquid reaches the sensing level, the surrounding gas or air is substantially precluded access to the jet. Hence, the surrounding liquidis drawn toward entrainment with the jet.
  • the liquid moves more slowly than the gas and thereby materially reduces the circumferential pressure around the jet, causing the jet to conically diverge from its normal configuration in a manner denoted schematically by the dashed lines in the drawing.
  • the abrupt change in fluid pressure at the outlet flow conduit 16 attendant the liquid rising to the sensing level provides a fluid pressure signal that may be used to operate a valve or the like to preform a predetermined control function, such as shutting off the inlet flow to the liquid reservoir.
  • a predetermined control function such as shutting off the inlet flow to the liquid reservoir.
  • FIG. 1 provides a marked change in fluid signal pressure attendant the liquid rising to or receding from the sensing level, a positive fluid pressure signal is always developed at the outlet conduit 16. In certain applications, it is highly desirable that no signal whatsoever be developed at the outlet upon occurrence of the sensed event.
  • a fluid amplifier displaying such a mode of operation is disclosed in FIG. 2. This amplifier although bearing superficial structural similarity to the amplifier of FIG. 1 is materially different in certain vital respects, as presently will be seen.
  • the fluid amplifier 20 depicted in FIG. 2 is constructed for application to a like environment as that of the amplifier 10, namely, the sensing of liquid level within an enclosed, pressurized tank. Indeed, the amplifier 20 may directly be substituted for the amplifier in the system disclosed in the earlier mentioned patent application Ser. No. 840,1 19. As a result of such substitution, certain simplications may be made in the system as will be apparent to these skilled in the art on considering the aforesaid disclosure.
  • the fluid amplifier includes a common inlet-outlet header structure 22 suitably coupled to inlet and outlet fluid pressure lines 24 and 26, respectively.
  • the lower end of the header 22 is threaded to permit sealed securement within a threaded opening of a pressurized tank.
  • the amplifier 20 also includes an inlet means in the form of a hollow conduit 28 interconnected to the inlet pressure line 24 through the header structure 22.
  • a lower end of the inlet conduit 28 is return bent to direct a fluid power stream toward an outlet means 30 which is spaced from and in axial alignment with the inlet flow channel.
  • the outlet means is a conduit 30 interconnected to a flow line 26 through the header 22 and thence to a suitable actuating or control mechanism (not shown).
  • the outlet means may include an actuating or control mechanism positioned in the vicinity of the fluid stream emanating from the inlet conduit 28, as opposed to the illustrated arrangement wherein the control or actuating mechanismis located at some remote position and receives the fluid pressure signal through conduit 26 and 30.
  • the present embodiment of the invention is distinguished from that of FIG. 1 by the presence of a control means comprising a portion of a member 32 which is secured to the terminus of the inlet conduit 28.
  • the member 32 is seen to have a bell-shaped mouth portion opening towards the outlet conduit 30 and an access opening 32a to the fluid power stream extending through the lateral side wall of the member 32.
  • the access opening 32a is in the form of a horizontal cylindrical bore in the side wall of the member 32.
  • a suitable access opening may be provided in a variety of other forms and shapes.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b A more complete understanding of the structure of the control means as well as the operational characteristics of the amplifier 20 may be had by referring now to FIGS. 3a and 3b.
  • the lower end of the member 32 is provided with a central bore for snugly receiving the terminal section of the inlet flow conduit 28.
  • a nozzle-like orifice for defining the power stream is formed by providing a reduced diameter central bore of circular cross-section within the member 32.
  • This narrow diameter bore within the member 32 is equivalent to the orifice plug in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and serves to develop a substantially laminar fluid power stream of a cross-sectional configuration and area corresponding to that of the nozzle, the resultant power stream being directed along a predetermined axis toward the coaxially aligned outlet conduit 30.
  • the member 32 includes a wall portion 32b spaced laterally outward of the fluid power stream by a predetermined distance and at least partially enclosing the power stream.
  • the wall 32b commences at the outward step adjacent the terminus of the orifice in the lower end of the member 32. From this point, the wall 32b is cylindrical for a portion of its upward extent and then gradually flares outwardly to form a bell-mouth opening.
  • the geometry of the walls 32b may take other configurations depending upon the environment of use of the amplifier, the operational characteristics desired and the like.
  • the fluid jet may be of rectangular cross-sectional and the walls 32b similarly configured.
  • the nozzle-like orifice formed in the base of the member 32 projects a cylindrical, laminar power jet along an axis coincident with that of the reduced diameter central orifice in the outlet flow channel 30.
  • the resultant fluid pressure signal developed in the outlet flow conduit 30 may be used to actuate a pressure responsive valve or other conventional control apparatus to perform a predetermined control function, as earlier explained.
  • the power jet continues to flow in the manner described until and unless a perturbant signal is introduced through the access opening 32a to alter the character of the fluid power stream from its normally laminar flow condition to a substantially turbulent flow pattern having a crosssectional area substantially greater than that of the original power stream.
  • the relative dimensions of the turbulent power stream and the wall substantially preclude air or other secondary fluid from flowing downwardly between the wall and power stream to replace that entrained by the stream adjacent the inlet. Accordingly, 32b a low pressure condition develops between the turbulent power stream and most particularly that portion of the wall 32b opposite the access opening 32a. The low pressure condition causes the power stream to divert away from its central axis and to attach to the guide surface of the wall 32b.
  • An exemplary form of perturbant signal is efiected by the liquid level within a reservoir or the like rising to a level to at least partially cover the access opening 32a. It has been found that the precise level at which the transition from a laminar to a turbulent flow occurs is very sharply defined for a particular amplifier and may be determined empirically for each amplifier construction.
  • the fluid power stream remains in a laminar flow condition for all liquid levels in the reservoir below that of the access opening and even up to a point as shown in FIG. 3a where a minor portion of the access opening is submerged.
  • FIG. 3b when a liquid level rises to a point just below the upper surface of the access opening 32a, the fluid power stream abruptly changed to a turbulent flow pattern and the power stream attaches to the guide surface portion of the wall 32b in a manner analogous to that of the Coanda wallattachment efiect.
  • the central bore in the member 32 for defining the laminar power stream was three thirty-seconds inch in diameter as was the orifice in the opposing outlet means 30.
  • the wall portion 32b was of an initial diameter of one-eighth its terminal portion gradually flaring outwardly a one-fourth diameter in the manner shown. With the structural proportions indicated and a flow of one gallon per minute at the amplifier inlet, a signal of 10 psi was produced at the outlet under quiescent conditions. On the other hand, when the power jet is diverted away from the axis of the outlet conduit 30, the signal pressure within the outlet abruptly falls to zero value.
  • the present embodiment of the invention provides a truly digital operating characteristic while retaining the highly desirable feature of being responsive to a single, discrete liquid level within the reservoir. Also, rather surprisingly it has been found that a mere closing or covering of the access opening 32a has no effect on the character or direction of flow of the fluid power stream. In other words, opening and closing the access opening 32a has virtually no effect on the magnitude of the fluid pressure signal at the outlet 30.
  • a further unique operating characteristic of the amplifier is that the power stream attaches to a portion of the wall 32b which is opposite that of the access opening 32a.
  • the transition of the power stream from a normally laminar to a turbulent flow pattern is caused by the same phenomenon as earlier explained in connection with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • the transition has the further effect of materially retarding the flow of secondary fluid downwardly along the walls 32b to a point adjacent the base of the power stream to replace that fluid entrained by the power stream.
  • a low pressure condition tends to develop adjacent the power stream base but this condition develops more rapidly on the side of the power stream opposite that of the access opening since liquid and a small portion of secondary fluid is able to at least partially satisfy the low pressure condition created on this side of the stream.
  • the power stream is always diverted to a guide wall positioned approximately 180. from the access opening.
  • the orientation of the amplifier 20 relative to the surface of the liquid reservoir is not critical to its operation although if the amplifier is used to sense liquid level, it is preferable to have the amplifier oriented approximately perpendicular to the liquid surface. Additionally, the operating characteristics of the amplifier 20 are basically similar to that just described if the amplifier is inverted in the reservoir, i.e., the inlet-conduit 8 28 is positioned above the surface of the liquid and the outlet conduit below the liquid surface. A similar effect may also be achieved by coupling the member 32 to the terminus of conduit 30 and reversing the direction of fluid flow through the amplifier.
  • a perturbant signal may be introduced to the fluid power stream other than by the displacement of a liquid level in a'reservoir.
  • An example of such an arrangement is disclosed by thefluid amplifier 40 of FIG. 4.
  • the fluid amplifier here shown is basically similar to that of the embodiment of FIG. 2. Specifically, there is provided an inlet flow channel 42 which is seated in the receiving bore of an annular member 44.
  • the member 44 is provided with a reduced diameter bore centrally disposed relative to the inlet flow channel 42 to define a cylindrical orifice or nozzle to fashion the fluid power stream to a preselected cross-sectional dimension.
  • a bore 44a on the side wall of the member 44 provides the access opening through which a perturbant signal is introduced to the power stream.
  • An interior wall portion 44b of the member 44 is stepped outwardly immediately above the inlet orifice for the fluid power jet extends for a moderate distance as a cylindrical passage and then gradually flares outwardly to a conical or bellmouth opening.
  • the means for introducing the perturbant signal to the amplifier 40 is arranged so as to cause the amplifier to operate as a fluidic oscillator. More specifically, a
  • a conduit 46 is seated within the bore of the access opening 44awhile the upper end of the conduit is connected to a liquid supply tank or the like 48 through a metering valve-50.
  • valve 50 By means of the valve 50, individual and separate units or droplets of fluid are advanced to the fluid power stream, as schematically indicated by the separate droplets in the conduit 46 extending from the metering valve to the power stream.
  • impingement of a unit of fluid on the power stream abruptly alters the stream from a laminar to a turbulent flow condition with the result that the stream attaches to the opposite side wall of the member 44 and diverts away from its normal straight line path.
  • the dimensional spacing between the droplets advancing along the ho]- low conduit 46 determines the rate or frequency of oscillation of the amplifier 40. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that additional kinds of perturbant signals may be utilized to trigger the various amplifiers disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 5 there is illustrated a fluid amplifier generally similar to that disclosed in FIG. 2 but wherein the fluid power stream is of a rectangular as opposed to a circular cross-section.
  • the amplifier 50 comprises a pair of laminar plates 52 and 54 forming the top and bottom walls'of the amplifier. Intermediate the plates 52 and 54 there is sandwiched a member 56 which is contoured to define the flow passages as well as the control and guide surfaces for the fluid power stream. Specifically, a circular bore 56a in the member 56 connects to a fluid inlet line 58 which extends through the plate 52. A slotted passage in member 56 communicates with the inlet and cooperates with plates 52 and 54 to provide a fluid flow orifice of rectangular cross-section.
  • the member 56 immediately about and to the right-hand side of the orifice, the member 56 is notched and then arcuately curved to define a guide surface 56c, as seen in the drawing.
  • the member 56 On the left-hand side of the orifice, the member 56 is formed to provide a horizontal plateau 56b.
  • the member 56 and the plates 52, 54 cooperate to enclose the power stream on three sides while the remaining side is open above the level of the plateau 56b to provide the required access opening to the power stream.
  • the fluid amplifier 50 is illustrated in the environment of a liquid reservoir, the liquid within the reservoir being below the level of the plateau 56b of the amplifier.
  • the rectangular fluid power jet emitted from the inlet of the amplifier is directed vertically along a predetermined axis and is of a substantially laminar flow pattern.
  • the curved guide surface portion 560 is laterally spaced from the fluid power jet so that air entrained by the fluid power jet in the region adjacent the notch underlying the curved guide surface 56c is replenished by air flowing into this region along the narrow space between the power stream and the curved guide surface.
  • a suitable outlet means and control apparatus are positioned to receive the power jet fluid.
  • the power stream is altered to a turbulent flow pattern of a sufficiently large cross-sectional dimension as to intercept the curved guide surface 560.
  • air or other secondary fluid within the system is precluded access to the notched space underlying the guide surface 56c causing a low pressure condition to develop within this region.
  • the resultant pressure gradient across the power stream results in attachment of the fluid jet to the curved guide wall 56c and diversion of the power stream away from its vertical axis, as shown in FIG. 50.
  • the liquid level at which the switching of the power stream occurs is very precise for a given amplifier construction. It will also be recognized by those skilled in the art that the switching time for the amplifier may be adjusted by adjusting the size of the enclosed space, the contour of the guide wall 56c as well as by adjusting other parameters such as the fluid viscosity.
  • FIG. 6 A fluid amplifier basically similar to that just described is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the fluid amplifier 60 there shown includes a pair of opposed laminar plates 62 and 64 which define the upper and lower walls of the amplifier.
  • the interior flow passageways of the amplifier are defined by a pair of spaced members 66 and 68.
  • the member 66 includes a cylindrical bore 660 coupled to a fluid inlet conduit 70 through a suitable aperture in the plate 62.
  • a slotted passageway in the member 66 communicates with the cylindrical bore 66a to define in cooperation with the plates 62 and 64, an inlet orifice of rectangular cross-section.
  • the left-hand side of the member 66 is formed as a horizontal plateau 66b while the right-hand side of the member 66 is stepped in the same plane as the plateau of 66b and a vertical guide pillar 66c rises vertically from the step.
  • the pillar 66c and the plates 62 and 64 cooperate to partially enclose the power stream; an access opening to the power stream is provided by the open space between plates 62 and 64 and above the plateau 66b.
  • the member 68 serves as an outlet flow divider and to this end is of a generally triangular construction with one vertex oriented to face the oncoming fluid power stream emitted from the rectangular inlet passageway. As shown most clearly in FIG. 6a, the vertex of the triangular member 68 is offset slightly to the right of the axis of the fluid power stream such that the stream normally intercepts the member 68 to the left-hand side of the vertex and the stream is diverted in its entirety toward a left-hand fluid outlet passageway. A righthand fluid passageway is formed between another side wall of the triangular member 68 and the vertical pillar 660.
  • a substantially laminar fluid power stream of a predetermined cross-sectional area is projected from the inlet passageway toward the triangular flow diverter 68. Since the member 68 is laterally offset relative to the fluid power stream, the power stream is diverted in its entirety into the left-hand fluid passageway of the amplifier, shown in FIG. 6a. However, when a perturbant signal is introduced to the fluid power stream through the access opening, the power stream is altered to a turbulent flow condition with a resultant increase in cross-sectional dimension so that the power stream is now split by the vertex of the member 68 with a portion of the fluid flow exiting from each of the outlet passageways. As illustrated in FIG.
  • this perturbant signal may result from the liquid level within the reservoir rising above the plateau 66b and into intimate contact with the fluid power stream.
  • the liquid flowing out of the right-hand passageway of the amplifier 60 in FIG. 6b substantially precludes a secondary fluid such as air from flowing down the channel passageway to replenish the air entrained by the stream in the region between the stream and the vertical pillar 66c. Accordingly, a low pressure condition develops within this region causing the fluid power stream to be diverted in its entirety to the right-hand outlet, as shown in FIG. 6c.
  • the flow out of the righthand passageway continues until the liquid level recedes below the sensing level at which time the power stream reverts to the flow pattern illustrated in FIG. 6a.
  • FIG. 7 A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the diversion of the fluid power stream occurs in a fashion substantially different from that of the earlier described embodiments.
  • the amplifier comprises a fluid inlet conduit 82 having a narrowed terminal portion 82a defining a nozzle-like orifice for projecting the fluid power stream across a free space toward a deflector plate 84.
  • the deflector plate 84 is provided with an aperture positioned in alignment with the fluid power jet and of a cross-sectional dimension such that the jet normally flows in its entirety through the aperture.
  • the power jet formed by the orifice 82a may be of a circular, rectangular or other cross-sectional configuration with the aperture in the deflector plate being only of a slightly larger cross-sectional area and preferrably of a like cross-sectional configuration.
  • the amplifier 80 further includes an actuator means 86 carried between a pair of parallel support plates 88 and 90, as seen in FIG. 7a.
  • the actuator means 86 includes a rotatable shaft 86a suitably journaled in the support plates 88 and 90.
  • the shaft 86a is provided with a collar 86b which is angularly adjustable relative to the shaft 86a by means of a set screw.
  • the collar 86b carries at spaced intervals a pair of radially extending force transmitting members 86c and 86d.
  • Theshaft 86a is coupled to a control member such as a valve 88 or the like which may be used to regulate a liquid flow in accordance with the angular position of the shaft 86a.
  • angular displacement of the shaft is confined to predetermined limits by a pair of angularly spaced stop abutments 92 and 94 which are positioned to intercept a peg 86 radially extending from the collar 86b;
  • the operation of the fluid amplifier 80 will again bedescribed in the context of a liquid level sensor although it will be recognized that the structure is suitable for other applications.
  • the liquid level within the reservoir is below that of the inlet orifice 82a.
  • the fluid power stream retains its well defined cross-sectional configuration as it is projected across the free space toward the aperture in the deflector plate 84.
  • the stream passes through the deflector plate 84 in its entirety and intercepts the force transmitting arm thereby 86c rotating the shaft 86a in a clockwise direction until the peg 86c intercepts the stop abutment 92.
  • a laminar-turbulent amplifier for sensing an interface between a liquid and a gas in a liquid containing reservoir and for developing a fluid pressure signal in response to the static presence of said interface at a preselected sensing level, comprising:
  • inlet means for developing a substantially laminar fluid power-stream having a predetermined crosssectional area and for rojecting said power stream from u n'nulelike orifice positioned immediately adjacent said sensing level and along a predetermined axis when said interface is spaced in one direction from said sensing level;
  • outlet means spaced from said inlet means for receiving a fluid pressure signal of one magnitude when said power stream is laminar and of a second, substantially smaller magnitude when said power stream is altered to turbulent flow.
  • outlet means comprises a deflector plate facing said power stream and having an aperture aligned with said power stream to define said first outlet and of a sufficiently large dimension for passing said substantially laminar power stream but of dimension less than that of said turbulent power stream so that said turbulent power stream impinges upon said deflector plate causing said power stream to be deflected in its entirety along said deflector plate and away from said first outlet.
  • said inlet means includes control means comprising a fluid passageway portion downstream of said passageway of said inlet means and of a greater cross-sectional area than said inlet means passageway and further having a guidewall portion curving outwardly away from the fluid power stream.
  • control means includes an access opening to said fluid power stream on one side of said fluid passageway portion and in which said power stream is altered from said substantially laminar to said turbulent flow pattern attendant the liquid level in said reservoir rising to and flowing in said access opening.
  • control means is constructed and arranged relative to said power stream such that the transition of said power stream from a laminar to a turbulent flow condition causes a low pressure condition to develop intermediate said guidewall portion and said power stream resulting in attachment of said power stream to said guidewall portion and diversion of said power stream along said guidewall portion and away from first outlet of said outlet means.
  • said inlet means includes a nozzle-like orifice for forming said power jet and said signal developing means comprises a wall portion surrounding said nozzle-like orifice and having a planar surface positioned substantially parallel to said interface between said dissimilar fluids.
  • said signal developing means includes an element positioned at the desired sensing level and in which said fluid stream is abruptly altered from laminar to turbulent flow exclusively through the interaction of said liquid and said element.
  • said outlet means includes at least one outlet channel and further including control means responsive to the change of said fluid stream from laminar to turbulent flow for diverting said fluid stream away from said one outlet channel.
  • the laminar-turbulent amplifier of claim 12 in which said signal developing means is arranged for introducing a perturbant signal to said fluid stream at a position immediately downstream of said inlet means for altering said fluid form laminar to turbulent flow.
  • a fluid amplifier adapted for sensing the interface between a liquid and a gas in a liquid containing reservoir and for developing a fluid pressure signal in response to the static presence of the interface at a preselected sensing level, comprising:
  • inlet means for developing a substantially laminar fluid power stream having a predetermined crosssectional area
  • outlet means spaced from said inlet means and including a first outlet for receiving said fluid power stream;
  • control means responsive to the change in said power stream from said substantially laminar to said substantially turbulent flow pattern for diverting said power stream away from said first outlet of said outlet means.
  • control means comprises a deflector plate spaced from and facing said inlet means and including an aperture coaxially aligned with said laminar power stream and of a dimension for passing said laminar power stream but of dimension less than that of said turbulent power stream such that a portion of said turbulent power stream impinges on said deflector plate causing said power stream to be deflected in its entirety along said deflector plate.
  • said actuating means includes a second force transmitting member responsive to impingement of said power stream for developing an actuating signal and positioned so as to intercept said power stream when it is deflected along said deflector plate.
  • said inlet means includes a fluid passageway for forming said substantially laminar power stream of predetermined cross-sectional area and in which said control means comprises a fluid passageway portion downstream of said passageway of said inlet means but of a substantially greater cross-sectional area and having a guidewall portion curving outwardly away from the fluid power stream and further in which said guidewall portion is positioned with respect to said power stream such that upon transition of said power stream from a laminar to a turbulent flow pattern a low pressure condition develops between said power stream and said guidewall portion causing said power stream to adhere to and follow the curvature of said guidewall.
  • a fluid amplifier for sensing the presence of liquid at a desired level in a liquid reservoir and for developing a pressure signal in response thereto, comprising:
  • inlet means having a fluid passageway of a predetermined cross-sectional area for developing a sub stantially laminar fluid power stream of a corresponding cross-sectional area and for directing said power stream along a predetermined axis;
  • control means including wall means spaced laterally outward of said fluid power stream by a predetermined distance and only partially enclosing said fluid power stream, said wall means including a guide surface portion curving outwardly away from said predetermined axis and in which the non-enclosed portion of said power stream provides an access opening to said fluid power stream positioned on the side of said stream opposite that of said guide surface portion and at said desired level for permitting the reservoir liquid, upon ascending to said desired level, to flow through said access opening and into contact with said power stream for altering said power stream from said substantially laminar flow to a substantially turbulent flow pattern of a cross-sectional area substantially greater than that of said predetermined area, said wall means being positioned with respect to said turbulent fluid power stream so that a substantially enclosed space is formed between said turbulent power stream and said wall means causing a low pressure condition to develop therebetween resulting in said power stream attaching to said guide surface and diverting away from said predetermined axis.
  • a laminar-turbulent fluid amplifier adapted for rises to the desired level; and outlet means spaced from said inlet means and positioned below said desired level for receiving a fluid pressure signal of one magnitude when the flow of said fluid stream is substantially laminar and for receiving a fluid pressure signal of a substantially altered magnitude when the flow of said fluid stream is substantially turbulent.
  • the laminar-turbulent amplifier of claim 24 in which said signal developing means includes the liquid being sensed and an element positioned adjacent to the desired sensing level and in which said fluid stream is abruptly altered from laminar to turbulent flow exclusively through the interaction of said liquid and said element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
US3703907D 1970-10-30 1970-10-30 Fluid amplifiers Expired - Lifetime US3703907A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8563770A 1970-10-30 1970-10-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3703907A true US3703907A (en) 1972-11-28

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US3703907D Expired - Lifetime US3703907A (en) 1970-10-30 1970-10-30 Fluid amplifiers

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Country Link
US (1) US3703907A (xx)
JP (2) JPS5749764B1 (xx)
AU (1) AU465009B2 (xx)
BE (1) BE774095A (xx)
CA (1) CA936806A (xx)
CH (1) CH527372A (xx)
DE (1) DE2153877C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2111973B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1344302A (xx)
IT (1) IT940975B (xx)
NL (1) NL172982C (xx)
ZA (1) ZA716464B (xx)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3783902A (en) * 1971-04-05 1974-01-08 Mess & Regelungst Veb K Fluidic surface device and nozzle system for the formation of jets in the device
US4024887A (en) * 1975-11-24 1977-05-24 Vought Corporation Automatic valving system
US4075912A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-02-28 General Motors Corporation Transmission with sump oil level responsive controls
USRE29715E (en) * 1973-02-02 1978-08-01 George B. Richards Fluidic automatic nozzle
US4161188A (en) * 1977-12-02 1979-07-17 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Jet type liquid level sensor and system
US4211249A (en) * 1978-09-07 1980-07-08 Fluid Device Corporation Liquid level control system
US4252017A (en) * 1979-08-02 1981-02-24 Zaslavsky Leonid I Apparatus for monitoring fluid level in a vessel
US4484601A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-11-27 Campau Daniel N Liquid level control device
WO1984004769A1 (en) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-06 Bradley Corp Flood preventer for fluid filling system
US4515178A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-05-07 Campau Daniel N Liquid level control device
US4522228A (en) * 1984-06-12 1985-06-11 Campau Daniel N Fluidic level control system
US4527593A (en) * 1983-05-04 1985-07-09 Campau Daniel N Apparatus and system for filling one or more containers with a liquid to a predetermined level
US4532962A (en) * 1984-04-20 1985-08-06 Campau Daniel N Metering apparatus for dispensing precise volumes of liquid
US5285812A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-02-15 Hr Textron, Inc. Jet level sensor for fuel tanks
US6837262B2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2005-01-04 Adel Wiggins Group Non tank pressurizing fast fill receiver and system for vehicles
US20050166966A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2005-08-04 Jose Cortez Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
AU2007229427B2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2010-02-18 Adel Wiggins Group Non tank pressurizing fast fill receiver and system for vehicles
US8955561B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2015-02-17 Spillx Llc Refilling apparatus with jet level sensor
US10703388B2 (en) 2015-12-03 2020-07-07 Spillx Llc Refueling adapter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2464461A1 (fr) * 1979-08-29 1981-03-06 Zaslavsky Leonid Dispositif de controle du niveau de fluide dans un recipient
JPH0347487Y2 (xx) * 1985-10-24 1991-10-09

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US1205530A (en) * 1916-04-20 1916-11-21 C A Robertson Method of and means for translating sounds.
US3020924A (en) * 1959-09-14 1962-02-13 Parker Hanaifin Corp Automatic shut-off valve
US3269419A (en) * 1963-06-03 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Fluid amplifiers
US3269404A (en) * 1962-12-03 1966-08-30 Parker Hannifin Corp Automatic shutoff valve
US3362421A (en) * 1963-05-28 1968-01-09 Ibm Bounded free jet fluid amplifier with turbulent attachment
US3415268A (en) * 1966-10-03 1968-12-10 Bourns Inc Viscous liquid level control system
US3429323A (en) * 1965-12-23 1969-02-25 Honeywell Inc Fluid amplifier
US3469593A (en) * 1966-06-01 1969-09-30 Pitney Bowes Inc Fluidic device
US3517686A (en) * 1966-07-13 1970-06-30 Pitney Bowes Inc Fluid oscillator system
US3561465A (en) * 1969-05-07 1971-02-09 Parker Hannifin Corp Jet level sensor
US3590843A (en) * 1969-10-23 1971-07-06 Gen Electric Multiple-jet liquid level detector

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1205530A (en) * 1916-04-20 1916-11-21 C A Robertson Method of and means for translating sounds.
US3020924A (en) * 1959-09-14 1962-02-13 Parker Hanaifin Corp Automatic shut-off valve
US3269404A (en) * 1962-12-03 1966-08-30 Parker Hannifin Corp Automatic shutoff valve
US3362421A (en) * 1963-05-28 1968-01-09 Ibm Bounded free jet fluid amplifier with turbulent attachment
US3269419A (en) * 1963-06-03 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Fluid amplifiers
US3429323A (en) * 1965-12-23 1969-02-25 Honeywell Inc Fluid amplifier
US3469593A (en) * 1966-06-01 1969-09-30 Pitney Bowes Inc Fluidic device
US3517686A (en) * 1966-07-13 1970-06-30 Pitney Bowes Inc Fluid oscillator system
US3415268A (en) * 1966-10-03 1968-12-10 Bourns Inc Viscous liquid level control system
US3561465A (en) * 1969-05-07 1971-02-09 Parker Hannifin Corp Jet level sensor
US3590843A (en) * 1969-10-23 1971-07-06 Gen Electric Multiple-jet liquid level detector

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3783902A (en) * 1971-04-05 1974-01-08 Mess & Regelungst Veb K Fluidic surface device and nozzle system for the formation of jets in the device
USRE29715E (en) * 1973-02-02 1978-08-01 George B. Richards Fluidic automatic nozzle
US4024887A (en) * 1975-11-24 1977-05-24 Vought Corporation Automatic valving system
US4075912A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-02-28 General Motors Corporation Transmission with sump oil level responsive controls
US4161188A (en) * 1977-12-02 1979-07-17 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Jet type liquid level sensor and system
US4211249A (en) * 1978-09-07 1980-07-08 Fluid Device Corporation Liquid level control system
US4252017A (en) * 1979-08-02 1981-02-24 Zaslavsky Leonid I Apparatus for monitoring fluid level in a vessel
US4484601A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-11-27 Campau Daniel N Liquid level control device
US4527593A (en) * 1983-05-04 1985-07-09 Campau Daniel N Apparatus and system for filling one or more containers with a liquid to a predetermined level
US4498203A (en) * 1983-05-25 1985-02-12 Bradley Corporation Flood preventer for fluid filling systems
WO1984004769A1 (en) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-06 Bradley Corp Flood preventer for fluid filling system
US4532962A (en) * 1984-04-20 1985-08-06 Campau Daniel N Metering apparatus for dispensing precise volumes of liquid
US4515178A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-05-07 Campau Daniel N Liquid level control device
EP0163365A1 (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-12-04 Flow Rite Control, Ltd. Liquid level control device
US4522228A (en) * 1984-06-12 1985-06-11 Campau Daniel N Fluidic level control system
US5285812A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-02-15 Hr Textron, Inc. Jet level sensor for fuel tanks
US20050166966A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2005-08-04 Jose Cortez Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
US6837262B2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2005-01-04 Adel Wiggins Group Non tank pressurizing fast fill receiver and system for vehicles
US7258130B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2007-08-21 Adel Wiggins Group Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
US20080011359A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2008-01-17 Adel Wiggins Group Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
AU2007229427B2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2010-02-18 Adel Wiggins Group Non tank pressurizing fast fill receiver and system for vehicles
US7757709B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2010-07-20 Adel Wiggins Group Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
WO2006074220A2 (en) * 2005-01-03 2006-07-13 Adel Wiggins Group Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
WO2006074220A3 (en) * 2005-01-03 2007-06-14 Adel Wiggins Group Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
AU2006204085B2 (en) * 2005-01-03 2009-07-02 Adel Wiggins Group Integrated jet fluid level shutoff sensor and fuel tank vent for vehicles
US8955561B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2015-02-17 Spillx Llc Refilling apparatus with jet level sensor
US10703388B2 (en) 2015-12-03 2020-07-07 Spillx Llc Refueling adapter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2111973B1 (xx) 1975-07-18
ZA716464B (en) 1973-03-28
CH527372A (de) 1972-08-31
IT940975B (it) 1973-02-20
AU3408771A (en) 1973-04-05
NL172982C (nl) 1983-11-16
CA936806A (en) 1973-11-13
AU465009B2 (en) 1975-09-18
DE2153877B2 (de) 1980-06-12
JPS57161308A (en) 1982-10-04
NL7113764A (xx) 1972-05-03
GB1344302A (en) 1974-01-23
JPS6038563B2 (ja) 1985-09-02
NL172982B (nl) 1983-06-16
BE774095A (fr) 1971-11-12
DE2153877C3 (de) 1981-02-26
DE2153877A1 (de) 1972-05-04
JPS5749764B1 (xx) 1982-10-23
FR2111973A1 (xx) 1972-06-09

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