US3702500A - Method for obtaining electrical connections, especially for microcircuits - Google Patents

Method for obtaining electrical connections, especially for microcircuits Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3702500A
US3702500A US59397A US3702500DA US3702500A US 3702500 A US3702500 A US 3702500A US 59397 A US59397 A US 59397A US 3702500D A US3702500D A US 3702500DA US 3702500 A US3702500 A US 3702500A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mercury
amalgam
members
microcircuits
conductors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US59397A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Guy G Gorinas
Jean C A Regal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3702500A publication Critical patent/US3702500A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
    • H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L24/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/712—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit
    • H01R12/714—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit with contacts abutting directly the printed circuit; Button contacts therefore provided on the printed circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
    • H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
    • H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
    • H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
    • H05K3/3463—Solder compositions in relation to features of the printed circuit board or the mounting process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
    • H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
    • H01L2224/45099—Material
    • H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
    • H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
    • H01L2224/45144—Gold (Au) as principal constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
    • H01L2224/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
    • H01L2224/818—Bonding techniques
    • H01L2224/81801—Soldering or alloying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01029—Copper [Cu]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01033—Arsenic [As]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01047—Silver [Ag]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/0105—Tin [Sn]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01079—Gold [Au]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01082—Lead [Pb]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49121—Beam lead frame or beam lead device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49174—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor

Definitions

  • connections thus made offer mediocre reliability beyond two or three connections per millimeter, so that their use cannot be contemplated in metal, said amalgam being topped by a thin film of mercury in the form of a meniscus with a small curvature,
  • the process of the invention may be applied advantageously to the connection of microcircuit members, such as the terminal lugs and the conductors, making the establishment of contacts between them and their disconnection particularly easy.
  • the coating metal selected here is gold, silver, or any other metal capable of forming a stable and solid amalgam with mercury, under the conditions under which the connection members are used.
  • the formation of the amalgam and the mercury meniscus on the members may be accomplished by simple immersion of these members in a bath of mercury for a very short period of time.
  • This invention is intended to provide a method for obtaining electrical connection members enabling us to achieve considerable connection density, something which is particularly desirable in microcircuits, while guaranteeing a high degree of reliability, even at low temperatures.
  • the method involved in this invention is characterized by the fact that we cover each of the conducting members to be connected with a thin layer of at least one metal capable of constituting an amalgam with mercury and that we then establish, on each of said members, an amalgam covered by a thin film of mercury in the form of a meniscus with a small curvature, obtained by placing each of these members in contact with a surplus of mercury with respect to the quantity strictly necessary for the establishment of the amalgam, the connection being then accomplished by the simple juxtaposition of the mercury meniscuses formed, respectively, on the members to be connected.
  • the invention also, by way of a new industrial product, concerns an electrical connection member characterized by the fact that it essentially involves a conducting body on which is deposed an amalgam formed between the mercury and at least one coatingstick to the conductor. For example, for a cylindrical conducting wire with a certain diameter, it is advisable to deposit metal with a thickness in excess of 0.1 mu.
  • the invention offers the following advantages,
  • FIG. 2 shows the two bare conductors in a cross-section after the connection has been established.
  • a microcircuit which includes a substrate 1, on which are arranged the terminal lugs, such as 2, made up of a layer of chrome. We cover this deposit of chrome with a thin layer of gold 3, particularly through evaporation or pulverization in a vacuum.
  • the outside conductor is made up of a layer ofv copper 4, covered successively by a layer of copper 5 and a thin layer of gold 6.
  • the outside conductors can also be made up of wires consisting of gold, 'gold-platedcopper, or any other support covered with gold or silver.
  • the outside conductors can advantageously be maintained in the desired position relative to the terminal-lugs by a very simple mechanical mounting or by any other suitabl means.
  • Method for obtaining non-permanent electrical connections at ambient temperatures comprising coating each of the conducting members to be connected together with a thin layer of a metal capable of constituting an amalgam with mercury, forming, on each of said members, an amalgam topped with a thin film of mercury in the form of a meniscus with a small curvature by placing each of said members in contact with a surplus of mercury with respect to the quantity that is stoichiometrically necessary for the constitution of the amalgam, and juxtaposing the mercury meniscuses formed, respectively, on the members to be connected adjacent each other without applying pressure therebetween.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
US59397A 1969-07-31 1970-07-30 Method for obtaining electrical connections, especially for microcircuits Expired - Lifetime US3702500A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6926367A FR2052245A5 (de) 1969-07-31 1969-07-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3702500A true US3702500A (en) 1972-11-14

Family

ID=9038423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US59397A Expired - Lifetime US3702500A (en) 1969-07-31 1970-07-30 Method for obtaining electrical connections, especially for microcircuits

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3702500A (de)
DE (1) DE2037630A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2052245A5 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869787A (en) * 1973-01-02 1975-03-11 Honeywell Inf Systems Method for precisely aligning circuit devices coarsely positioned on a substrate
US4044816A (en) * 1975-06-19 1977-08-30 Theodore H. Krueger Formation of metal parts
US4739917A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-04-26 Ford Motor Company Dual solder process for connecting electrically conducting terminals of electrical components to printed circuit conductors
EP0385142A2 (de) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-05 Fujitsu Limited Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung
US5007163A (en) * 1990-04-18 1991-04-16 International Business Machines Corporation Non-destructure method of performing electrical burn-in testing of semiconductor chips
US5038996A (en) * 1988-10-12 1991-08-13 International Business Machines Corporation Bonding of metallic surfaces
US5192835A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Bonding of solid state device to terminal board
US5269453A (en) * 1992-04-02 1993-12-14 Motorola, Inc. Low temperature method for forming solder bump interconnections to a plated circuit trace
US7348494B1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2008-03-25 Nortel Networks Limited Signal layer interconnects
US20080185175A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-07 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Multilayer wiring board and method of manufacturing the same
US20100282501A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2010-11-11 Fujikura Ltd. Printed wiring board, method for forming the printed wiring board, and board interconnection structure

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1170388A (en) * 1911-09-07 1916-02-01 Hermann Anschuetz-Kaempfe Electrical contact.
US1792973A (en) * 1928-12-04 1931-02-17 Harry J Frenz Electrical socket
US2354081A (en) * 1940-01-20 1944-07-18 Gen Electric Method of forming contacts
US2655641A (en) * 1948-10-29 1953-10-13 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Electrical connector having a mercury amalgam coating on its inner surface
US2735050A (en) * 1952-10-22 1956-02-14 Liquid soldering process and articles
US2737711A (en) * 1954-12-13 1956-03-13 Mansfield Sanitary Pottery Inc Method of assembling ball cocks and the like
US2846762A (en) * 1955-02-17 1958-08-12 David E Walker Metal plating process
US2947939A (en) * 1956-09-24 1960-08-02 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Testing electrically conductive articles
US3110089A (en) * 1959-12-16 1963-11-12 Engelhard Ind Inc Method of bonding amalgam inserts in cavities and structure thereby produced
US3165403A (en) * 1962-03-27 1965-01-12 Gen Electric Superconductive materials
US3622944A (en) * 1969-08-05 1971-11-23 Tokai Denki Kk Electrical connector

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1170388A (en) * 1911-09-07 1916-02-01 Hermann Anschuetz-Kaempfe Electrical contact.
US1792973A (en) * 1928-12-04 1931-02-17 Harry J Frenz Electrical socket
US2354081A (en) * 1940-01-20 1944-07-18 Gen Electric Method of forming contacts
US2655641A (en) * 1948-10-29 1953-10-13 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Electrical connector having a mercury amalgam coating on its inner surface
US2735050A (en) * 1952-10-22 1956-02-14 Liquid soldering process and articles
US2737711A (en) * 1954-12-13 1956-03-13 Mansfield Sanitary Pottery Inc Method of assembling ball cocks and the like
US2846762A (en) * 1955-02-17 1958-08-12 David E Walker Metal plating process
US2947939A (en) * 1956-09-24 1960-08-02 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Testing electrically conductive articles
US3110089A (en) * 1959-12-16 1963-11-12 Engelhard Ind Inc Method of bonding amalgam inserts in cavities and structure thereby produced
US3165403A (en) * 1962-03-27 1965-01-12 Gen Electric Superconductive materials
US3622944A (en) * 1969-08-05 1971-11-23 Tokai Denki Kk Electrical connector

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869787A (en) * 1973-01-02 1975-03-11 Honeywell Inf Systems Method for precisely aligning circuit devices coarsely positioned on a substrate
US4044816A (en) * 1975-06-19 1977-08-30 Theodore H. Krueger Formation of metal parts
US4739917A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-04-26 Ford Motor Company Dual solder process for connecting electrically conducting terminals of electrical components to printed circuit conductors
US5038996A (en) * 1988-10-12 1991-08-13 International Business Machines Corporation Bonding of metallic surfaces
EP0385142A2 (de) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-05 Fujitsu Limited Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung
EP0385142A3 (de) * 1989-02-28 1991-02-06 Fujitsu Limited Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung
US5007163A (en) * 1990-04-18 1991-04-16 International Business Machines Corporation Non-destructure method of performing electrical burn-in testing of semiconductor chips
US5192835A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Bonding of solid state device to terminal board
US5269453A (en) * 1992-04-02 1993-12-14 Motorola, Inc. Low temperature method for forming solder bump interconnections to a plated circuit trace
US7348494B1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2008-03-25 Nortel Networks Limited Signal layer interconnects
US20100282501A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2010-11-11 Fujikura Ltd. Printed wiring board, method for forming the printed wiring board, and board interconnection structure
US20100282499A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2010-11-11 Fujikura Ltd. Printed wiring board, method for forming the printed wiring board, and board interconnection structure
US8222531B2 (en) * 2006-05-25 2012-07-17 Fujikura Ltd. Printed wiring board, method for forming the printed wiring board, and board interconnection structure
US8492657B2 (en) * 2006-05-25 2013-07-23 Fujikura Ltd. Printed wiring board, method for forming the printed wiring board, and board interconnection structure
US20080185175A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-07 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Multilayer wiring board and method of manufacturing the same
US8026448B2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2011-09-27 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Multilayer wiring board and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2052245A5 (de) 1971-04-09
DE2037630A1 (de) 1971-02-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3702500A (en) Method for obtaining electrical connections, especially for microcircuits
US3665367A (en) Side hole terminal
US3729820A (en) Method for manufacturing a package of a semiconductor element
US5495668A (en) Manufacturing method for a supermicro-connector
US2139431A (en) Method for applying metallic coatings to ceramic bodies
US3380155A (en) Production of contact pads for semiconductors
US3922777A (en) Process for the production of layer circuits with conductive layers on both sides of a ceramic substrate
US3413711A (en) Method of making palladium copper contact for soldering
US3119052A (en) Enclosures for semi-conductor electronic elements
US3667119A (en) Method of jointing and terminating electric cables
US4948030A (en) Bond connection for components
US4394711A (en) Circuit board with weldable terminals
TW583796B (en) Micro-coaxial cable assembly and method for making the same
US3372471A (en) Method of manufacturing microwave components
SU1145941A3 (ru) Танталовый конденсатор
US3188720A (en) Method of sealing and joining and articles made thereby
CN110494783A (zh) 光电混载基板和光电混载基板组件
WO2019218948A1 (zh) 一种超小型pad的辅助焊接元件及其制造组件、制造方法和辅助焊接方法
US3535769A (en) Formation of solder joints across gaps
US3238421A (en) Modified electronic module
GB2103980A (en) Soldering components to a substrate
US3437977A (en) Demountable electrical contact arrangement
KR100912181B1 (ko) 레이져 표면처리단계를 이용한 납오름 방지용 부분도금방법
US3743895A (en) Copper plated base plate with nickel plated insert for semiconductor component housing
US3470348A (en) Anodic bonding of liquid metals to insulators