US3699814A - Gas sampler - Google Patents

Gas sampler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3699814A
US3699814A US233082A US3699814DA US3699814A US 3699814 A US3699814 A US 3699814A US 233082 A US233082 A US 233082A US 3699814D A US3699814D A US 3699814DA US 3699814 A US3699814 A US 3699814A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mixture
venturi
flow
samples
conduit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US233082A
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English (en)
Inventor
Warren F Kaufman
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Space Systems Loral LLC
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Philco Ford Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G01N2001/242—Injectors or ejectors
    • G01N2001/244—Injectors or ejectors using critical flow orifices

Definitions

  • the apparatus as illustrated and described utilizes a positive displacement pump, specifically a Roots blower, to provide the constant volume flow which is a prerequisite to successful operation of the equipment.
  • the volumetric flow rate is determined as a function of the number of revolutions of the positive displacement pump.
  • venturi device operated in this way is inherently a constant volume flow device
  • I subject the system to sufficient pressure difference across the venturi to insure that the sonic condition is reached and maintained throughout the test.
  • a plurality of constant flow venturi gas samplers in parallel, each fed from a separate engine and preferably with a single centrifugal pump or blower.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the prior art exhaust gas sampling system illustrated and described 1 in the Federal Register;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the actual hardware comprising a sampling system constructed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the'apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view, on a larger scale, illustrating a critical flow venturi of the type used in the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a modified'form of the invention employing a plurality of constant flow of venturi devices arranged in parallel;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective illustration of modified apparatus in which a heat exchanger is not employed, and which apparatus is particularly suited for testing gas emissions from turbine engines.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates present invention has elements in common with this system. However, as will now be understood, it incorporates a critical flow venturi and associated centrifugal blower in place of the positive displacement pump appearing in FIG. 1.
  • the total volumetric flow of exhaust gas derived (throughout a simulated driving cycle) from tail pipe adaptor l0, and from air introduced through the dilution inlet 11, is metered by passing through a positive displacement pump identified with that term and bearing the reference numeral 12.
  • Samples of the exhaust gas and diluent air flow through suitable conduits and are collected in the bags or receptacles shown, respectively, at 13 and 14. Filters are introduced in the conduits where required, see for example the three-part filter assembly 15 disposed in air inlet 11, and also the filters appearing at 16 and 17 in the gas sampling lines which are fed by probes 18 and 19.
  • Three-way solenoid valves 20 and 21 direct sample streams either to their respective bags 14 or 13 or to discard. Leak-tight fittings and suitable shut-off devices are also employed, as are counter devices 22 and 23 which count the revolutions of the constant displacement pump while tests are in progress and samples are being collected.
  • the inlet gas temperature to the positive displacement pump 12 must be substantially constant, in order that the pump may serve as a constant volume metering device.
  • a heat exchanger H is illustrated in FIG. 1, and this heat exchanger, as is apparent from the legends appearing on the drawing includes means for both heating and cooling the gases. This exchanger, which need not be described in further detail herein, meets the requirements of constant volume flow.
  • Apparatus of this kind which as noted constitutes the present standard, is subject to the difiiculties and disadvantages set forth above.
  • the present invention eliminates thesedifficulties by separating the air metering function from the air pumping function. This is done by utilizing a critical flow venturi, for the metering function, in combination with a simple and compact centrifugal blower.
  • Apparatus of this improved type is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 now to be described. Later in this specification reference will be made to FIG. 5, in which a plurality, for example two,
  • venturis are used in place of the single venturi device of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 2 there is illustrated apparatus which has yielded very good results.
  • This apparatus is shown housed in a cabinet 24 and comprises an inlet conduit 25 adapted for connection to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine (not shown).
  • Environmental air flows down through the stack 28 into a chamber 27, and thence upwardly through a conduit 26 to join the exhaust gas inletted through 25.
  • the combined gas and air pass through conduit 29 into a separator 30.
  • This separator is of known centrifugal type and functions to remove from the air stream fine particles which are introduced either through the conduit 25 or the stack 28.
  • After passing through the centrifugal separator the mixture of gas and air moves through a conduit 31 and enters a heat exchanger 32 which leads, through a passage 33, to a critical flow venturi shown generally at 34.
  • the heat exchanger is of a kind shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, and constitutes an element which was hitherto essential to air sampling systems. As explained later in this description, my invention also contemplates embodiments which omit the heat exchanger. This is particularly important where exhaust emissions from a turbine engine are to be sampled, since the heat exchanger would be excessive in size.
  • the improved apparatus of FIG. 2 also includes a centrifugal blower 35 which is coupled, by a sleeve and clamp assembly shown at 36, to the outlet or expansion side of the venturi device 34.
  • FIG. 2 The system of FIG. 2 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, which latter figure bears reference numerals corresponding to those appearing in FIG. 2.
  • the centrifugal separator 30 is not illustrated in FIG. 3, but it should be understood that such a separator is preferably employed. It has the advantage of producing an intimate mixture of particulate matter, exhaust gas and air.
  • probes 18a and 18b are, respectively, disposed to sample the diluent air and the mix-
  • the length of the venturi along its axis, measured from the inlet end at 37 to the outlet 38, which latter flares outwardly from the expansion portion 39, is equal to 14.25 inches.
  • the throat of the venturi is defined by the narrow annular area represented in the drawing at 40 and having a dimension parallel to the axis of the venturi and equal to 0.100 inch.
  • the inlet portion of the venturi can be considered as being measured from the reference line 40a to the plane of the inlet orifice 37 and is equal to 2.528 inches.
  • the flare angle of this inlet portion is 30 with respect to the axis of the venturi.
  • the expansionportion of the device extends from the reference line 40b to a lefthand line of reference shown at 41, a distance equal to 9.062 inches and at a flare angle of 6. From the plane of termination of the ture of exhaust and diluent air prior to delivery of the samples to air bags, not shown.
  • the blower 35 of the system of FIG. 2 also appears in FIG. 3, and it is believed that operation of the apparatus of this diagrammatic figure will now be understood without further description. It should, however, be recognized that a system in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3 would also include the filters, valving and gas collection instrumentalities shown in the apparatus of FIG. 1, as well as the necessary switching apparatus.
  • the revolution counters of FIG. 1 are, of course not required in a system of the kind diagrammatically represented in FIG. 3, since the system of the latter figure, as well as the other embodiments of this invention, employ a venturi device rather than a rotating positive displacement pump.
  • FIG. 4 there is seen an enlarged cross sectional illustration of the venturi device 34.
  • This device is specifically designed to achieve a proper flow rate, in this case 300 CFM, when operating under conditions of critical flow.
  • the venturi is the result of mathematical analysis and development tests which require no treatment herein, since the nature thereof will be understood by those skilled in the art, it only being necessary to specify the desired rate (300 CFM at critical flow).
  • the device flares at an angle of 279/minutes, with respect to the axisand terminates in the exit orifice located in the plane shown at 38 in FIG. 4.
  • the venturi device is fabricated of suitable corrosion resistant steel, and has a wall thickness of 0.25 inch.
  • the tubing 33 which extends into adjacency with the inlet of the venturi terminates in a flanged portion 42 which confronts a similar portion 43, formed on the venturi inlet.
  • a circular clamp 44 serves to secure the two flanges in confronting relation.
  • the flared outlet is provided with a circumferential flange 45 which is shaped and disposed to cooperate with a sleeve 46 forming a part of the housing of centrifugal blower 35.
  • a sleeve of resilient material surrounds the portions 45 and 46 and is secured by clamping structure 36.
  • the venturi 34 serves as a means for metering the flow of gaseous mixture and maintains the flow rate of said mixture within very close limits. Since the mixture of exhaust gas and diluent air flows through the venturi throughout a test, and because the pump means coupled to the expansion side of the venturi restriction is of capacity sufficient to insure that the restriction operates at conditions of critical gas flow throughout any test period, the combined venturi and pump operate, inherently, as a constant volume flow control device.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a modified embodiment of the invention in which two systems of the kind illustrated in FIG. 3 are operated in parallel, with common manifolding 47 adapted to receive the outflow of two venturi devices 34a and 34b.
  • a single blower 35a, or other pressure reducing device, is coupled to the common manifold 47, with provision for final exhausting of the output at 48.
  • Such a multiple system which may include more than two venturi devices in parallel, is adapted to receive gaseous input from several internal combustion engines simultaneously, as is clear from the presence of exhaust pipe connections 25a and 25b.
  • the probes 18c and 18d would, of course, be coupled with gas analyzer equipment (not shown).
  • the inlet gas temperature to the critical flow venturi must be substantially constant.
  • a heat exchanger which includes means for heating or cooling the gases, has been provided and illustrated in the preceding embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 An alternate approach, which provides a constant percentage sample flow rate without the necessity of a heat exchanger, is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the mixture of exhaust gas and diluent air is fed to the inlet side of a venturi 34 which is coupled to an excess capacity centrifugal pump 35.
  • Gas samples are derived through a probe comprising a small tube 19' which, in this embodiment, is provided with a venturi restriction as appears at R.
  • a small blower B is provided. This blower is of sufficient capacity to maintain critical flow within the venturi R. It can readily be demonstrated that the quantity of flow taking place through the small venturi R, as a percentage of the primary stream flow through venturi 34', is constant and equal to the ratio of the areas of the two venturis.
  • a source of diluent air adapted for connection with a conduit carrying the exhaust of an engine, to produce a mixture of emissions and diluent air, means for deriving samples of said mixture for analysis, and means for regulating the flow of said mixture to maintain the flow rate substantially constant, said last means comprising: a venturi restriction having an inlet side and an expansion side, said inlet side being coupled in the apparatus to receive said mixture; and pump means coupled to the expansion side of said venturi restriction and effective to draw the mixture therethrough, said pump means being of capacity sufficient to insure that the venturi restriction operates at conditions of critical gas flow throughout test periods.
  • Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, and in which said means for deriving samples includes hollow probe means of restricted cross-section disposed in the stream of flowing mixture up-stream of said venturi restriction, and receptacle means coupled to receive the samples derived through said probe means.
  • Apparatus in accordance with claim 2 and further including second hollow probe means of restricted cross-section disposed in the stream of diluent air at a location to derive, for analysis, samples of such air at a region upstream of the point of connection of said conduit carrying the engine exhaust.
  • Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 and further characterized by the inclusion of: means defining a plurality of flow paths disposed in parallel, each including its own source of diluent air and each adapted for connection to a separate engine; a plurality of venturi restrictions each individual to a correspondin one of said flow paths; and a single pump coupl in the system to draw the mixture flowing in each flow path through the venturi restriction included in that path.
  • Apparatus in accordance with claim 5, and in which said means for. deriving samples includes a plurality of probes of restricted cross-section, each probe being disposed to sample the mixture flowing in a corresponding one of said flow paths.
  • said means for deriving samples is disposed in the region of said venturi restriction and comprises: a conduit having a part disposed to receive a small portion only of said mixture; a part defining in said conduit an auxiliary venturi restriction; and means insuring that said auxiliary venturi restriction operates at conditions of critical gas flow during sampling.
  • a source of diluent air adapted for connection with a conduit carrying the exhaust of an engine, to produce a mixture of emissions and diluent air, means for deriving samples of said mixture for analysis, and means for regulating the flow of said mixture to maintain the flow rate substantially constant, said last means comprising: a venturi restriction coupled in the apparatus to receive said mixture; and pump means coupled to said venturi restriction and effective to cause flow of the mixture therethrough, said pump means being of a capacity sufficient to insure that the venturi restriction operates at conditions of critical gas flow throughout test periods.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US233082A 1972-03-09 1972-03-09 Gas sampler Expired - Lifetime US3699814A (en)

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US23308272A 1972-03-09 1972-03-09

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JP (1) JPS5130794B2 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
BR (1) BR7301725D0 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
CA (1) CA963290A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
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Cited By (53)

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US3793887A (en) * 1972-12-05 1974-02-26 Ford Motor Co Isokinetic sampling probe
US3803920A (en) * 1972-11-15 1974-04-16 Environmental Protection Agenc Sample dilution device-disc diluter
US3883271A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-05-13 Kenneth J Mertes Portable exhaust fumes expeller device
DE2452264A1 (de) * 1973-11-07 1975-05-15 Nederlandse Gasunie Nv Vorrichtung zum entnehmen von gasproben
US4040299A (en) * 1974-11-13 1977-08-09 Ethyl Corporation Air sampling apparatus
US4106910A (en) * 1977-08-16 1978-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ras-Gas dilution device
DE3107617A1 (de) * 1980-03-01 1982-02-25 Horiba Ltd., Kyoto Gasanalysator
US4485665A (en) * 1975-05-06 1984-12-04 Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Detection of toxic vapors
DE3413492A1 (de) * 1983-06-04 1984-12-06 Horiba Ltd., Kyoto Geraet zur entnahme von gasproben
EP0155793A2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-09-25 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Proportional exhaust sampler system and control means
US4660408A (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-04-28 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Proportional exhaust sampler system and control means
US4823591A (en) * 1987-11-05 1989-04-25 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Calibration method for exhaust mass flow measuring system
EP0316688A2 (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-05-24 Horiba, Ltd. Gas sampling device
US4998954A (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-03-12 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation Isokinetic probe and pressure reduction assembly
US5058440A (en) * 1990-09-04 1991-10-22 Caterpillar Inc. Gas sampling device and dilution tunnel used therewith
US5109708A (en) * 1989-03-15 1992-05-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sampling system and method for sampling concentrated aerosols
US5184501A (en) * 1991-05-03 1993-02-09 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Exhaust sampler and control means
US5317930A (en) * 1991-09-18 1994-06-07 Wedding & Associates, Inc. Constant flowrate controller for an aerosol sampler using a filter
US5337595A (en) * 1992-03-18 1994-08-16 Horiba Instruments, Incorporated Subsonic venturi proportional and isokinetic sampling methods and apparatus
US5410907A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-05-02 White Consolidated Ind Inc Gas sampling method and dilution tunnel therefor
US5419178A (en) * 1990-05-14 1995-05-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Exhaust-gas analyzer
US5469731A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for a gas quantity setting system
US5596154A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-01-21 Enviroplan, Inc. Dilution control method and apparatus
US5604319A (en) * 1994-03-26 1997-02-18 Horiba, Ltd., Sampling device for gas analyzers
US5650565A (en) * 1995-07-05 1997-07-22 Enviromental Sciences Research And Development Partnership Mini-dilution apparatus and method for exhaust emission testing
US5756360A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-05-26 Horiba Instruments Inc. Method and apparatus for providing diluted gas to exhaust emission analyzer
US5846831A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-12-08 Horiba Instuments, Inc. Methods and systems for controlling flow of a diluted sample and determining pollutants based on water content in engine exhaust emissions
WO2000003224A1 (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-01-20 Horiba Instruments, Inc. Gas mixing system and method
US6058789A (en) * 1994-03-26 2000-05-09 Kohsaka; Hiroji Sampling device for gas analyzers
US6293161B1 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-09-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas sampling apparatus
US6546812B2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2003-04-15 Gary W. Lewis Venturi flowmeter for use in an exhaust sampling apparatus
US20030167859A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-09-11 Dickson Richard R. Exhaust gas particulate measuring system
US6684719B2 (en) 2002-05-03 2004-02-03 Caterpillar Inc Method and apparatus for mixing gases
US6729195B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2004-05-04 Caterpillar Inc Serial multistage aerosol diluter and control system
US20040107762A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-10 Silvis William Martin Exhaust volume measurement device
US20050109129A1 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-26 Norbert Kreft Particulate deposit avoidance and probe positioning
US20060051236A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2006-03-09 Case Wayne A Liquid purification system
US20060225482A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2006-10-12 Avl North America Inc. Exhaust volume measurement device
US20070014684A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2007-01-18 Case Wayne A Air purification system
US20120210803A1 (en) * 2006-09-15 2012-08-23 William Martin Silvis Cvs system sample water vapor management
US20120325025A1 (en) * 2011-02-17 2012-12-27 Perry Haney Gas Trap
CN103410588A (zh) * 2013-08-11 2013-11-27 中国人民解放军重庆通信学院 柴油机尾气模拟发生装置及微粒捕集器测试系统
US8820138B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2014-09-02 Avl Emission Test Systems Gmbh System for taking exhaust gas samples from internal combustion engines
USD749137S1 (en) 2014-08-08 2016-02-09 Floatair Agitator Limited Liability Company Impeller for fluid agitation
US9297726B2 (en) 2012-05-23 2016-03-29 Avl Test Systems, Inc. Exhaust sampling system and method for water vapor management
US20160328934A1 (en) * 2015-05-04 2016-11-10 Mountain Optech, Inc. d/b/a Mountain Secure Systems Oil and gas production facility emissions sensing and alerting device, system and method
US9518897B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2016-12-13 Avl Test Systems, Inc. Intelligent bag filling for exhaust sampling system
US9879489B2 (en) 2013-08-14 2018-01-30 David L. Shanks Floating gas trap system using agitation
CN107907388A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2018-04-13 华南理工大学 一种收集气体中微量粉尘的装置及检测颗粒粒径和含量的方法
US20190094110A1 (en) * 2016-03-09 2019-03-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Leak detection method for open emission analysis, and open emission analysis device
US10366594B2 (en) * 2015-05-04 2019-07-30 Mountain Optech, Inc. Oil and gas production facility emissions sensing and alerting device, system and method
EP3521793B1 (de) * 2018-01-15 2023-07-05 AIP GmbH & Co. KG Abgasmessanlage für verbrennungskraftmaschinen und verfahren zur abgasbestimmung
RU224458U1 (ru) * 2023-12-05 2024-03-25 Константин Борисович Мальчиков Защитный кожух рукоятки газозаборного зонда

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JPH03271516A (ja) * 1990-03-20 1991-12-03 Honda Motor Co Ltd 排気系の接続構造
JPH0479220U (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) * 1990-11-24 1992-07-10
JP2605678Y2 (ja) * 1992-05-04 2000-07-31 株式会社堀場製作所 定流量ガスサンプリング装置における着脱式サンプリング用ベンチュリ管の取り付け構造
RU2494366C2 (ru) * 2011-11-17 2013-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Московское машиностроительное предприятие им. В.В. Чернышёва" Комплекс для отбора проб воздуха
CN117191499B (zh) * 2023-11-03 2024-01-30 南通臻泓环保设备制造有限公司 一种罐装气体生产用的取样装置

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Cited By (90)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803920A (en) * 1972-11-15 1974-04-16 Environmental Protection Agenc Sample dilution device-disc diluter
US3793887A (en) * 1972-12-05 1974-02-26 Ford Motor Co Isokinetic sampling probe
DE2452264A1 (de) * 1973-11-07 1975-05-15 Nederlandse Gasunie Nv Vorrichtung zum entnehmen von gasproben
US3883271A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-05-13 Kenneth J Mertes Portable exhaust fumes expeller device
US4040299A (en) * 1974-11-13 1977-08-09 Ethyl Corporation Air sampling apparatus
US4485665A (en) * 1975-05-06 1984-12-04 Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Detection of toxic vapors
US4106910A (en) * 1977-08-16 1978-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ras-Gas dilution device
DE3107617A1 (de) * 1980-03-01 1982-02-25 Horiba Ltd., Kyoto Gasanalysator
US4393304A (en) * 1980-03-01 1983-07-12 Horiba, Ltd. Gas analyzer of the fluid modulation type
US4596156A (en) * 1983-06-04 1986-06-24 Horiba, Ltd. Sample gas extracting apparatus
DE3413492A1 (de) * 1983-06-04 1984-12-06 Horiba Ltd., Kyoto Geraet zur entnahme von gasproben
EP0155793A2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-09-25 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Proportional exhaust sampler system and control means
US4586367A (en) * 1984-03-19 1986-05-06 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Proportional exhaust sampler and control means
US4660408A (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-04-28 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Proportional exhaust sampler system and control means
EP0155793A3 (en) * 1984-03-19 1987-05-13 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Proportional exhaust sampler system and control means
DE3837232A1 (de) * 1987-11-05 1989-05-18 Horiba Instr Inc Entnahmesystem fuer abgasproben
US4823591A (en) * 1987-11-05 1989-04-25 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Calibration method for exhaust mass flow measuring system
DE3837232C2 (de) * 1987-11-05 1998-03-19 Horiba Instr Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Eichen einer Abgasmeßvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entnehmen einer Proportionalprobe eines Abgases
EP0316688A2 (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-05-24 Horiba, Ltd. Gas sampling device
EP0316688A3 (en) * 1987-11-18 1990-03-28 Horiba, Ltd. Gas sampling device
US5109708A (en) * 1989-03-15 1992-05-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sampling system and method for sampling concentrated aerosols
US4998954A (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-03-12 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation Isokinetic probe and pressure reduction assembly
US5419178A (en) * 1990-05-14 1995-05-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Exhaust-gas analyzer
US5058440A (en) * 1990-09-04 1991-10-22 Caterpillar Inc. Gas sampling device and dilution tunnel used therewith
US5184501A (en) * 1991-05-03 1993-02-09 Horiba Instruments Incorporated Exhaust sampler and control means
US5317930A (en) * 1991-09-18 1994-06-07 Wedding & Associates, Inc. Constant flowrate controller for an aerosol sampler using a filter
US5337595A (en) * 1992-03-18 1994-08-16 Horiba Instruments, Incorporated Subsonic venturi proportional and isokinetic sampling methods and apparatus
US5469731A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for a gas quantity setting system
US5410907A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-05-02 White Consolidated Ind Inc Gas sampling method and dilution tunnel therefor
US6058789A (en) * 1994-03-26 2000-05-09 Kohsaka; Hiroji Sampling device for gas analyzers
US5604319A (en) * 1994-03-26 1997-02-18 Horiba, Ltd., Sampling device for gas analyzers
US5650565A (en) * 1995-07-05 1997-07-22 Enviromental Sciences Research And Development Partnership Mini-dilution apparatus and method for exhaust emission testing
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DE2236972A1 (de) 1973-09-20
BR7301725D0 (pt) 1974-07-11
CA963290A (en) 1975-02-25
JPS5130794B2 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1976-09-02

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