US3697037A - Cluster casting apparatus for workpieces made of poured molten refractory material - Google Patents

Cluster casting apparatus for workpieces made of poured molten refractory material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3697037A
US3697037A US146962A US3697037DA US3697037A US 3697037 A US3697037 A US 3697037A US 146962 A US146962 A US 146962A US 3697037D A US3697037D A US 3697037DA US 3697037 A US3697037 A US 3697037A
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Prior art keywords
wedges
central
casting apparatus
core
central aperture
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US146962A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Recasens
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Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires SAS
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Electro Refractaire SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B22D15/04—Machines or apparatus for chill casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for cluster casting of workpieces made of refractory material.
  • This apparatus comprises a bottom plate; metallic wedges cooled internally, mutually spaced, arranged circularly and radially around a cooled core resting on the bottom plate; vertical and top means confining the I volumes between the wedges, said top means delimit- Int. Cl.
  • ..B22d 27/04 ing a central aperture communicating with said volumes and through which a molten refractory material is poured, and said wedges being movable from a position where they are in contact with the core (for the casting) to a position where they are apart from said core (for extracting the cluster).
  • This apparatus is useful, for example, for producing plates, workpieces derived from the plate form as well as pump rotors.
  • the invention relates to a cluster casting apparatus for workpieces made of cast molten refractory material, more particularly small plates.
  • the classic arrangement which facilitates the assembly of the moulds consists in adopting an assembly of elementary moulds in a plurality of lines and a plurality of rows supplied in series and in parallel, the whole forming the cluster.
  • this assembly has certain disadvantages the supply in series is not always effective, and it occurs some workpieces are insufficiently filled, whereas the geometrical arrangement of the workpieces fails to ensure identical thermic conditions for them, so that during annealing and cooling some workpieces fracture.
  • the invention also aims to provide an apparatus which makes it possible for plates of variable thickness to be produced.
  • Yet another aim of the invention is to provide an ap paratus which makes it possible to produce refractory plates and workpieces of a hardened fine texture, giving them superior anti-abrasion properties.
  • this apparatus comprises a bottom plate or the like, metallic wedges cooled internally by a circulation of cooling fluid, spaced apart from each other, arranged circularly and radially about a central core, likewise cooled, and resting upon the bottom plate, vertical confining elements for the volumes existing between the wedges provided at the periphery of the latter, and top confining means of the said volumes, resting upon the wedges and delimiting a central aperture, the said wedges being radially mobile from a position in which they are in contact with the central core into a position where they are withdrawn from the said core, while the central aperture communicates with the volumes existing between the wedges.
  • the number of wedges must be at least three and preferably is at least 10.
  • the said wedges may be made e.g., of copper or steel.
  • the bottom plate may be made of any suitable refractory material (e.g., graphite) or of metal, subject to the provision of internal cooling in the latter case.
  • the top confining means may consist e.g., of a removable cover, comprising two separable parts made of an appropriate material e.g., metal or graphite.
  • the movement of the wedges from the position in which they are in contact with the central core into a position in which they are withdrawn from the same maybe effected by any appropriate means e.g., by the use of jacks.
  • the communication between the central aperture and the volumes, of flat parallelepipedic general shape, existing between the wedges may be provided by using a central aperture having a larger surface than the surface of the cross section of the central core, the height of the latter being equal to or greater than that of the wedges, or else by adopting a central aperture having a surface equal to or smaller than that of the cross section of the central core, in which case the height of the latter is less than that of the wedges.
  • the circular arrangement of the wedges ensures a uniform supply to each of the volumes between the wedges.
  • the refractory material when the wedges are in contact with the central core and the central aperture is supplied with molten refractory material e.g., through the intermediary of a feeding head or funnel the refractory material enters the volumes existing between the wedges and fills them. Since the wedges and the central core are cooled internally, the material which fills the various volumes between the wedges solidifies rapidly and forms a cast assembly comprising a cluster of small plates attached to a kind of central boss, the
  • This assembly can easily be extracted from the casting apparatus after having removed the feeding head and the top confining means and having positioned the wedges in a position in which they are withdrawn from the central core.
  • the feeding head and the top confining means may be in a plurality of parts, the opening of which occurs radially as for the wedges. Then the assembly is annealed and, after cooling, the plates are separated from the boss by sawing or by rupture. However for certain applications it may be desirable not to separate the plates from the boss and to use the entire cluster e.g., in the case of fabricating pump rotors for dense liquids, in which very considerable wear occurs by corrosion and abrasion.
  • the above apparatus is suitable for producing plates of square or rectangular shape and of variable thickness.
  • the thickness of the plates is a function of the spacing existing between the wedges and this spacing is itself dictated by the diameter of the central core. It is therefore possible, by having central cores of different diameters, to produce plates of variable thickness with the present apparatus.
  • the apparatus of the invention can also be adapted for the production of workpieces having shapes derived from the plate shape e.g., by truncating the latter. This is easily achieved by arranging between the wedges, chocks or insertions of suitable shapes preventing the parallelepipedic volumes from being filled at the desired points. It is thus possible to produce workpieces having one or more truncated comers, workpieces of trapezoidal shape, or again quandrangular workpieces having different dimensions from those for which the apparatus is normally intended.
  • the apparatus can be adapted for the production of workpieces other than flat ones, by using wedges of appropriate shape so long as their movement by the thrust of the jacks remains possible.
  • wedges the lateral vertical faces of which have the shape of a portion of a cylinder instead of being plain, the generatrices of the cylinders being parallel to the axis of movement of the wedges so as to permit the latter.
  • the apparatus of the invention can easily be adapted to produce plates or workpieces of shapes derived from the plate shape, which comprise fixing means facilitating their subsequent assembly on any desired supporting structures.
  • the said fixing means may consist e.g., of a simple hole provided in the plate or in the cast workpiece, enabling the latter to be fixed to the supporting structure by a bolt or similar element, or again of a metallic lug partly embedded in the plate or cast workpiece and permitting the fixation of the latter to the supporting structure, either by direct welding, or through the intermediary of a welded dowel.
  • the hole in the plate or cast workpiece is obtained by placing in the volume delimited by two wedges, before pouring, a classic foundry core of appropriate shape.
  • This core may be glued or otherwise fixed to the lateral vertical face of one of the wedges.
  • the partly embedded metallic lug may be obtained by sticking by its central part to the lateral vertical face of one of the wedges a metallic piece having a plain central part which will be flush with the plate or cast workpiece, and two lateral parts inclined with respect to the central part, which will be embedded in the cast refractory material.
  • the apparatus of the invention is particularly well suited to the production of plates and workpieces for the construction of anti-abrasion linings, because by virtue of the cooling of the wedges, the plates and workpieces obtained have a hardened fine texture which gives them particularly worth while anti-abrasion properties.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the cover being omitted
  • FIG. 2 is a view in section along the line lI-Il of FIG. 1 of this embodiment, the cover and a feeding head being in operative position, after a casting operation
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of two adjacent wedges of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2
  • FIG. 4 is a view in partial section, corresponding to the framed portion of FIG. 2, of a variant of embodiment of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 3
  • FIG. 5 is a view in perspective illustrating the cast workpiece obtained with the apparatus of FIGS. 1 3
  • FIG. 6 is a view in section illustrating the cast workpiece obtained with the variant of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 is a partial view in transverse section, illustrating the production of plates having a central hole for their subsequent fixation by bolting, using the apparatus of the invention, the two adjacent wedges of the apparatus being in the closed position
  • FIG. 8 is a view of a plate obtained with the apparatus of FIG. 7
  • FIG. 9 is a partial view in transverse section illustrating the production of plates having a metallic lug partly embedded for their subsequent fixation, using the apparatus of the invention, the two adjacent wedges of the apparatus being in the closed position
  • FIG. 10 is a view of a plate obtained with the apparatus of FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate an apparatus according to the invention.
  • This apparatus comprises a plate shaped bottom 1 made of a refractory material e.g., graphite upon which their rests an assembly comprising a central steel core 2, of circular cross section, 200 mm high, cooled internally by a water circulation 3 4, and 12 steel wedges 5, mutually spaced, arranged circularly and radially around the core, having lateral walls 6 200 X 200 mm insize and a summit angle or equal to 30,
  • each wedge 5 welded plates 11 are provided which come to rest upon the exterior vertical faces of the adjacent wedges which have no welded plates, so as to close the spaces existing between the wedges.
  • a hydraulic jack 12 Associated with each wedge 5 is a hydraulic jack 12, the rod 13 of which is integral with the said wedge.
  • the manifolds 9, and the jacks 12 are attached to crowns 14 forming a chassis arranged round and at a distance from the wedges 5.
  • a removable cover 15 in two parts, 50 mm thick, formed of a refractory material such as graphite, and provided with a central aperture 16 with a greater diameter than that of the central core 2.
  • a removable feeding head 17 in two parts, formed of a refractory material such as graphite.
  • the bottom, the wedges, the welded plates and the cover delimit volumes 18 (12 in all) of flat parallelepipedic general shape communicating with the central aperture of the cover at their upper parts in proximity of the central core and left uncovered by the cover.
  • the functioning of the apparatus is as follows
  • the cover 15 and the feeding head 17 being in position above the wedges, the mould being brought into a closed position i.e., with wedges in contact with the central core 2, by means of the jacks 12, and the water circulations being established, molten refractory material is poured into the feeding head acting as a funnel.
  • This material fills the central aperture 16 of the cover, then enters the volumes 18 and comes to fill them.
  • the material which fills the volumes 18 is in contact with the cooled wedges and solidifies rapidly.
  • the cover and the feeding head which are both removable in two parts, are removed, the jacks 12 are operated so as to bring the mould into the open position i.e., with the wedges 5 radially distant from the central core and the solidified assembly, which assumes the form of a star shaped cluster of 12 square plates attached to a central boss, the shape of which corresponds to the interior configuration of the feeding head/central aperture assembly, is extracted.
  • the thickness of the plates can be adjusted with the apparatus specifically described between 0 and 20 mm by using a central core with a diameter within the range from 0 to 78 mm.
  • the said central core in fact fixes the limit of closure of the mould and consequently the spacing of the wedges in the closed position of the mould.
  • the annealing conditions for the assembly extracted depend upon its composition and particularly upon the thickness of the plates.
  • the plates After annealing, the plates are separated from the central boss e.g., by sawing.
  • clusters of plates were prepared having thicknesses of 10 and 18 mm respectively, from a molten refractory compound having the following composition by weight ZrO, 32 percent SiO, 16 percent ALO, 51 percent Na,0 1,1 percent various impurities 0,9 percent.
  • the operative conditions followed are indicated in the following table
  • the Feed Cross section is the cross section of the top surface of each volume between the wedges not covered by the cover. It is through this cross section that each volume communicates with the central apenure of the cover.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a variant construction which differs from the mode of construction previously described solely in that it comprises a refractory disc 20, of larger diameter than the central core 2, but of smaller diameter than that of the central aperture 16, arranged on the top surface of the said core.
  • This disc 20 makes it possible to create, as will easily be understood, weakness zones 21 at the points of attachment of the plates to the central boss, which enables the plates to be separated from the said boss by mechanical rupture without breaking their corners, and thus avoids having to perform sawing of the plates.
  • the said/weakness zones could be created by other means than the disc 20 e.g., by providing beads on those parts of the edges of the wedges adjacent to the central aperture 16.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the cast assembly extracted from the moulding apparatus of FIGS. 1 3.
  • the said cast assembly comprises 12 plates 25 attached to a central boss 26 by the interior end of their top edges. It should be observed that, if the variant in which the central aperture is equal to or smaller in diameter than the central core, and the height of the latter is less than that of the wedges, has been adopted, a cast assembly would have been obtained in which the plates would have been attached to the boss by the top end of their inner vertical edges.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the cast assembly extracted from the moulding apparatus of FIG. 4.
  • the said assembly is similar to that of FIG. 5, except that it comprises weakness zones 21 at the points of attachment of the plates to the boss.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the production of plates comprising a central hole permitting them to be fixed subsequently to a supporting structure by bolting.
  • a foundry core 30 comprising a part 31, mm in diameter and a part 32, 14 mm in diameter, for example.
  • the said core is 'e.g., stuck by its'end having the larger surface to the center of the lateral face 6 of one of the wedges, before performing the pouring of the molten refractory material.
  • the total length of the core 30 is equal to the spacing of the two wedges 5 in the closed position.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the production of plates having a metallic lug partly embedded in the refractory material of each plate, the said lug facilitating the subsequent fixing of the plate to a supporting structure by direct or indirect welding.
  • a metallic lug 35 having a plain central part 36 at two lateral parts 37 inclined with respect to the central part 36.
  • the said lug 35 is stuck or fixed by magnetization, where this is possible, by its central parts to the center of the lateral face 6 of one of the wedges, before performing the pouring of the molten refractory material.
  • plates 25 are obtained in which the lugs 35 are embedded, the lateral parts 37 being embedded in the refractory material and the central part 36 lying flush with the surface of the plate, as illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • Permanent apparatus for the cluster casting of workpieces made of refractory material of variable thickness, characterized in that it comprises a bottom plate, metallic wedges cooled internally by a circulation of cooling fluid, said wedges being mutually spaced and arranged circularly and radially around a central core, likewise cooled, and resting on the bottom plate,
  • Casting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the top confining means consist of a removable cover provided with a central aperture.
  • Casting apparatus characterized in that the mobility of each of the wedges is obtained by means of a jack.
  • Casting apparatus characterized in that it further comprises means to produce weakness zones at the points of attachment of the cast workpieces to the boss corresponding to the central interior volume bounded by the central aperture and the top surface of the central core.
  • Casting apparatus characterized in that the lateral vertical walls of the wedges are in the form of a portion of a cylinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US146962A 1970-05-26 1971-05-26 Cluster casting apparatus for workpieces made of poured molten refractory material Expired - Lifetime US3697037A (en)

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FR707019102A FR2088185B1 (de) 1970-05-26 1970-05-26

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807683A (en) * 1970-05-26 1974-04-30 Electro Refractaire Apparatus for casting workpieces having radially extending wings
US4614217A (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-09-30 The Garrett Corporation Method of assembling a horizontal shell mold casting system and the resulting system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2047480B1 (de) 2006-07-27 2009-11-04 Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Stiftung des öffentlichen Rechts Bestrahlungsvorrichtung und kollimator

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1514859A (en) * 1921-09-06 1924-11-11 Toledo Scale Co Casting machine
US3598175A (en) * 1967-11-17 1971-08-10 Olsson International Apparatus for casting metal slabs and billets

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1514859A (en) * 1921-09-06 1924-11-11 Toledo Scale Co Casting machine
US3598175A (en) * 1967-11-17 1971-08-10 Olsson International Apparatus for casting metal slabs and billets

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807683A (en) * 1970-05-26 1974-04-30 Electro Refractaire Apparatus for casting workpieces having radially extending wings
US4614217A (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-09-30 The Garrett Corporation Method of assembling a horizontal shell mold casting system and the resulting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5327727B1 (de) 1978-08-10
FR2088185B1 (de) 1973-07-13
FR2088185A1 (de) 1972-01-07
DE2125242B2 (de) 1972-12-14
DE2125242A1 (de) 1971-12-09

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