US3696462A - Combined door checking and door hold open mechanism - Google Patents

Combined door checking and door hold open mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
US3696462A
US3696462A US105331A US3696462DA US3696462A US 3696462 A US3696462 A US 3696462A US 105331 A US105331 A US 105331A US 3696462D A US3696462D A US 3696462DA US 3696462 A US3696462 A US 3696462A
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Prior art keywords
door
valve
chamber
hydraulic
closing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US105331A
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English (en)
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Paul W Martin
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Republic Industries Inc
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Republic Industries Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/22—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
    • E05F3/223—Hydraulic power-locks, e.g. with electrically operated hydraulic valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors

Definitions

  • the hydraulic fluid can- Field Of arc ..49/ 8, not escape from the checking cylinder, thus preventl6/66, 68, 49 H0, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55; ing closing movement of the door from whatever posi- 292/273 tion it has been opened to until the valve is unseated.
  • the valve is of the electromagnetic type [56] Refere ces Cit d which responds to the conditions in as associated control circuit. During opening movement of the door, UNITED STATES PATENTS the hydraulic fluid fills the checking cylinder through 1,849,417 3/1932 Bassett ..l6/49 HO x Z i bypasses.
  • Doors controlled by such mechanisms normally are retained in the closed position although in some mechanisms there is provision for holding the door open by such expedients as detents which engage if the door is pushed open beyond its normal fully open position.
  • detents which engage if the door is pushed open beyond its normal fully open position.
  • actuated bolts at the bottom edge of the door are provided which when pushed down can engage the floor and prevent its closing. None of these arrangements, however, provide for automatic or remote control closing of the door.
  • Fire doors also are common in which the door tends to run downhill on a track to closed position or normally tends to close under the influence of weights suspended from a cable attached to the door. Typically, such doors are held in open position by a fusible link which melts when overheated and permits the door to close.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a door closing mechanism combined with a door hold open system which has novel valuable features at an expense and complexity only slightly greater than that involved in the hydraulic door closing mechanism alone.
  • the system can be operated as a normal hydraulic door checking mechanism such that the door normally is closed, is manually opened, and returns to closed position automatically at a controlled rate.
  • the. system can be operated such that the door can be manually opened to any desired position and will remain there when released.
  • This releasing mechanism is preferably actuated by interrupting an electrical control circuit, and provision for this can be located remotely and can respond by means of well known devices to any desired condition such for example as high temperature, low temperature, smoke, wind conditions, manual or timer controlled switching or a combination. Any switching device which can make and break an electrical circuit can be adopted for control purpose.
  • Combinations of series and parallel controls which are apparent can arrange a system such that, as an example, all of the doors in a building can be closed at night. In the morning or during the day whenever someone first opens any door it will remain open, or if desired, itcan be arranged to reclose. Thereafter, during the day, all or a group of doors will remain open or partially open as seems appropriate. At the end of the day a single remote manual or time switch can be actuated to close all of the doors in the building which happen to be open or partially open, at that time. Thereafter, during the night, any doors which are opened, by building service personnel, for instance, will reclose when released. Other control systems to fit a variety of circumstances will, of course, be apparent.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic horizontal, sectional view looking downwardly illustrating the principal structure of a typical floor mounted checking door pivot modified to include the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view which may be considered as taken in the direction of the arrows substantially along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic elevation of the top portion of a door with a surface mounted door closer incorporating the invention mounted thereon;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic top view of the structure of FIG. 3 showing the linkage connecting the closer mechanism proper to the door frame;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic horizontal sectional view through the piston and cylinder portion of the surface mounted closer of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a fractional vertical sectional view to larger scale through a portion of the piston and pinion and valving portion of the closer of FIG. 5. It is taken in the direction of the arrows substantially along the line 6-6 of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a fractional horizontal sectional view which is taken in the direction of the arrows substantially along the line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is an illustrative electrical control circuit for the devices of FIGS. 1 through 7.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the door closer there shown is sufficiently conventional so that only a generalized description is required for the major portion of the structure.
  • a vertical spindle 14 is journaled in top and bottom bearings 16 and extends through the cover plate 12 where it is provided at its end with flat surfaces 18.
  • This spindle 14 serves as the bottom pivot for the door, the top end of the door having a freely rotating pivot, not shown, in alignment therewith. Because of the flat surfaces 18 and engaging complementary surfaces in a control arm located in a recess in the bottom edge of the door, the door and spindle 14 rotate together.
  • the door, the control arm, the top pivot and the floor and door frame are not shown since their elements is not necessary to an understanding of the invention.
  • the spindle 14 is provided with a disc-type cam element 20 which rotates therewith.
  • a cam following roller 22 is urged into engagement with the cam edge by a relatively heavy coil spring 24 and the cam periphery is so contoured that action of the spring 24 and cam follower 22 rotates the door to closed position. This is the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • swinging the door to open position rotates the spindle 14 and cam 20 in the clockwise directionas seen in FIG. 1. Movement of the door to the closed position is limited by a stop pin 26 engaged by a surface 28 of the cam 20.
  • a second cam following roller 30 is carried at the ehd of a checking piston 32 within a hydraulic cylinder 34, and this roller 30 engages the cam edge at a portion which is so contoured that as the door is opened, the piston moves to the left as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 so as to expand the enclosed volume of the cylinder. Conversely, closing the door under the influence of spring 24 reduces the volume of the checking cylinder.
  • a light spring 36 causes the piston 32 to move outwardly with the roller 30 following the cam face.
  • the piston will normally be provided with a pliable O-ring, lip seal, piston ring or similar seal to prevent leakage between the piston and the cylinder wall.
  • Passage 42 is at the cylinder axis and leads through needle valve 46 to a common exhaust passage 48.
  • the other passage 44 leads through its needle valve 50 to the common passage 48.
  • the common passage 48 is exhausted directly to the reservoir.
  • the door closer as so far described is essentially conventional and is similar to the mechanism shown and described in U. S. Pat. Nos. 2,595,187, 2,603,818 and 2,752,627.
  • the common passage 48 is not exhausted directly to the reservoir. Instead it leads to a valve seat 54 engaged by a ball valve 56 in a passage 58 leading to the reservoir.
  • a triangular or squared or fluted stem 60 in the passage 58 holds the ball 56 against the seat 54 when this stem 60 is pushed to the left as seen in FIG. 2 so as to prevent fluid flow from the cylinder 34.
  • the stem 60 When the stem 60 is released, it can move slightly to the right and connect the passage 48 to the reservoir so as to permit the door check to operate in the customary fashion.
  • a solenoid 62 having an armature 64 is secured to the end of the door closer valve body 66 and has its armature pivoted by a pin 68 to a lever 70.
  • This lever extends upwardly over the end of the stem 60 and has its opposite end pivotally secured by a screw 72 and coil spring 74 in customary solenoid actuator fashion.
  • an adjustment screw 76 is threaded through the lever so that its inner end can engage the outer end of the stem 60. When adjusted, its position can be fixed by a lock nut 78.
  • the lever 70 is rocked outwardly about the pivot point 72 by a light coil spring 80 surrounding a pin 82 fixed in the valve body 66. Under these conditions, the armature 64 is partially withdrawn from its-coil and the valve ball 56 is loose relative to its seat 54.
  • the door check then operates in the usual manner such that when a door is opened and released, it swings closed under control of the hydraulic checking system.
  • the door when the solenoid is not energized, the door operates conventionally. In fact, its operation cannot be distinguished from that of a standard checking door hinge.
  • the solenoid when the solenoid is energized, the door can be swung open normally, but will not reclose. It will remain in whatever position it has assumed when released. At any time thereafter if the power circuit to the solenoid is interrupted, the door will swing shut in the normal fashion.
  • the loading of the solenoid on the ball 56 can be adjusted by properly proportioning the mechanism, such as by adjusting the pressure exerted by the spring 74, so that the door is held open when the solenoid is energized, but can manually be pushed or pulled shut hard enough to develop sufficient pressure in the checking cylinder to unseat the ball 56. It is usually more convenient, however, to provide a local switch to interrupt the circuit to a particular door closer if it is desired that it sometimes keep the door closed excepting when someone is passing through. As a protective measure for the mechanism, the adjustment conveniently can be such that a closing force about three times the normal opening force will unseat the ball. This prevents some unusual force in the closing direction from damaging the mechanism, but does not influencenormal operation.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the features of a typical electrical control system for hold-open door checks as described above.
  • the electric power is connected to the terminals 90.
  • the solenoid coils for several door closers are indicated at 92, 94, 96 and 98.
  • Switches 100, 102 and 104 are in series with each other and with all of the solenoids. Additionally, switch 106 is in series with solenoid 94 only and switch 108 is in series with solenoids 96 and 98 in parallel.
  • switch 100 can be a remote manual control or a timer actuated switch which can be used to close all of the doors in the building by simply opening the switch contacts.
  • Switches 102 and 104 can be temperature sensitive or smoke sensitive and designed to open the circuit to all of the solenoids 92, 94, 96 and 98 whenever therev are indications of fire in the building.
  • Switch 106 in series with solenoid 94 only, is an example of a local switch along side a particular door for instance which can be opened so as to permit its door to open when a person passes therethrough and to reclose thereafter.
  • the door having solenoid 94 therefore, can optionally be held open, subject to the remote control system, or it can be normally closed.
  • Switch 108 acts like switch 106, but optionally can close a group of doors, such as indicated by the solenoids 96 and 98, rather than just a single door as with switch 106.
  • a group might, for instance, constitute the exit doors of a public building where a crowd leaves together, such as after a basketball or hockey game, for example.
  • the switches shown are, of course, representative of simple switches, relay contacts or electronic controls or any arrangement that can cause an electrical circuit to be broken under conditions where it is desired to have one or more doors close.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 illustrate adaptation of the invention to a surface mounted door closer of otherwise substantially conventional design.
  • a door frame 110 has a door 112 hinged at 114.
  • a hydraulic door closer 116 is secured to the face of the door at the top and is connected by linkage 1 18 to the door frame above the door, all in the customary manner.
  • a flexible electric lead 120 is connected from the door frame 110 to a solenoid 122 attached at the end of the door closer body.
  • a housing 124 provides a cylinder 126 having end closures 128.
  • the cylinder encloses a piston 130 provided with a rack extension 132 which meshes with a pinion 134.
  • the piston is sealed to the cylinder wall by an O-ring 136 and is urged to the right by a door closing spring 138.
  • the pinion 134 is integral with a shaft 140 which is journaled as at 142 in the housing and which extends outside the housing at the top. At its upper end the shaft is provided with a flat surface 144 which prevents relative rotation between the pinion shaft and the linkage l 18 connected thereto.
  • hydraulic fluid is transferred from one side of the piston to the other.
  • this transfer of fluid is free by way of a passage 146 through the piston.
  • a ball check valve 148 in this passage permits flow of fluid through the piston to the right, during movement of the piston to the left, but
  • the passage 158 does not exhaust directly to the reservoir portion of the cylinder, the portion to the left of piston 130, as is customary. Instead, the passage 158 leads to a ball valve 160 and thence by way of a passage extension 162 to the reservoir or sump portion of the cylinder. Normally, the ball valve 160 is open and so the door check operates in the customary fashion. That is, the door opens freely and recloses at a controlled rate when released.
  • the previously mentioned solenoid 122 at the end of the door check housing 124 has an armature 164 urged toward the right by a light spring 166.
  • the solenoid pulls this armature to the left, a stem 168 passes through a fluid seal 170 and is so positioned that when the armature 164 moves to the left it engages the end of the stem 168 and pushes the stem to the left.
  • the opposite end of the stern 168 holds the ball 160 against its seat and prevents the escape of hydraulic fluid from the checking cylinder and, therefore, prevents the door closing after it once it has been opened.
  • deenergizing the solenoid opens the valve 160 and permits the door to close in customary fashion.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 may use the circuits of FIG. 8 excepting that as illustrated, the solenoid 122 is of the D.C. type, but, of course, an A.C. solenoid may be substituted if desired and similarly, D.C. solenoids may be used in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the two types of solenoids being interchangeable so far as the function they perform is concerned.
  • the door can be manually closed when the solenoid is energized if the door is pushed or pulled toward closed position hard enough to unseat the ball 160.
  • a hydraulic door closer system means for biasing a door toward closure, means connected to said door providing an expansible and collapsible hydraulic chamber for restraining and controlling the rate of closure of said door, said chamber expanding upon opening said door and collapsing upon closure thereof, means providing a restricted venting passage for said hydraulic chamber, an electrically actuated valve for closing said venting passage when energized to prevent collapse of said chamber and to open said venting passage when deenergized, electric circuit means connected for energizing said valve to prevent escape of hydraulic fluid from said chamber to hold said door against closing under the influence of said biasing means and to deenergize said valve to permit said biasing means to collapse said chamber and close said door, and passage means for supplying hydraulic fluid to said chamber when said chamber is expanded by opening the door.
  • valve is adapted to be urged in the opening direction by fluid under pressure in said chamber and to be held closed by electrical energized means with a force great enough to seal said valve against the pressure developed by said biasing means, and in which forceful closing of the door is adapted by developing an excess of pressure in said chamber to overrule said electrically energized means and open said valve.
  • means for biasing a door toward closure means for biasing a door toward closure, means providing an expansible and collapsible hydraulic chamber for restraining and controlling the rate of closure of said door, means providing a fitting for connecting said chamber forming means and said biasing means to a door to swing said door toward closed position under the influence of said biasing means as said hydraulic chamber is collapsed and to expand said hydraulic chamber as said door is swung toward open position, means providing a fluid venting passage leading from said hydraulic chamber.
  • an electrically actuated valve for closing said fluid venting passage to prevent collapse of said chamber or alternatively to open said fluid venting passage depending upon the state of energization of said valve, and means providing a one way filling passage connected to said chamber and oriented to supply hydraulic fluid to said chamber when said chamber is expanded.
  • a system for holding a swinging door stationary in any desired position within its total arc of swing or optionally for closing said door comprising biasing means connected for tending to swing the door toward closed position, a hydraulic door check including a cylinder and piston combination and means defining a restricted passage to limit the rate of escape of fluid ahead of said piston in thedoor-closing direction of travel, associated with said biasing means to control the rate of closure of said door, valve means for closing said passage to prevent the flow of fluid therethrough, electrically energized valve operating means connected for preventing closing movement of the door or alternatively for freeing the door for closing under the influence of said biasing means depending upon the state of energization of said valve operating means, and electrical circuit means connected for oprationally energizing or de-energizing said valve operating means.

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US105331A 1971-01-11 1971-01-11 Combined door checking and door hold open mechanism Expired - Lifetime US3696462A (en)

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US10533171A 1971-01-11 1971-01-11

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US (1) US3696462A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5239256B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA960711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2201594C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2122168A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1352272A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT946451B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE393425B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA72137B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852846A (en) * 1972-07-28 1974-12-10 Republic Industries Door hold open attachment for a door check
US3875612A (en) * 1972-10-05 1975-04-08 Kidde & Co Walter Door control device
US4069544A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-01-24 Rixson-Firemark, Inc. Electrically actuated door holder and release
US4222147A (en) * 1978-03-20 1980-09-16 Reading Door Closer Corp. Door closer with assist or door operating features
US4267619A (en) * 1972-01-26 1981-05-19 The Stanley Works Controlled release door holder
US5456283A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-10-10 Itt Corporation Infinite hydraulic check
US6442795B1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-09-03 Girefa Enterprise Co., Ltd. Damper for a pivot door
US6510586B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2003-01-28 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Door closer
US20100064472A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2010-03-18 Dorma Gmbh + Co.Kg Door Closer
US20110219584A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Guangdong Kin Long Hardware Products Co., Ltd. Floor spring and assembly method thereof
WO2011160785A1 (de) * 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Türschliesser
US20210372190A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Dormakaba Deutschland Gmbh Door actuator for opening and/or closing a door

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2608671A1 (de) * 1976-03-03 1977-09-08 Dorma Baubeschlag Selbsttaetiger tuerschliesser
DE2611607A1 (de) * 1976-03-19 1977-09-29 Eaton Gmbh Feststellvorrichtung fuer tuer-, tor- o.dgl. fluegel
DE2922898A1 (de) * 1979-06-06 1981-03-12 Geze Gmbh, 7250 Leonberg Tuerschliesser mit feststellvorrichtung.
FR2760780B1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 1999-04-30 Seva Ferme-porte a amortissement hydraulique a blocage en position d'ouverture
GB2323409B (en) * 1997-03-15 2001-05-30 Freeman & Pardoe Ltd Door closer with an adjustable electronic valve for varying the force required to release the door when held open

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1849417A (en) * 1927-04-13 1932-03-15 Elevator Supplies Co Inc Door operating mechanism
US2024472A (en) * 1933-01-18 1935-12-17 Norton Lasier Company Door closing and checking device
US2752627A (en) * 1953-02-26 1956-07-03 George W Houlsby Jr Pivotal door check device
US3337992A (en) * 1965-12-03 1967-08-29 Clyde A Tolson Remotely controlled closures
US3470652A (en) * 1967-12-26 1969-10-07 Stanley Works Power operated closure mechanism

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3003317A (en) * 1958-07-31 1961-10-10 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Hydraulic mechanism for a door operating system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1849417A (en) * 1927-04-13 1932-03-15 Elevator Supplies Co Inc Door operating mechanism
US2024472A (en) * 1933-01-18 1935-12-17 Norton Lasier Company Door closing and checking device
US2752627A (en) * 1953-02-26 1956-07-03 George W Houlsby Jr Pivotal door check device
US3337992A (en) * 1965-12-03 1967-08-29 Clyde A Tolson Remotely controlled closures
US3470652A (en) * 1967-12-26 1969-10-07 Stanley Works Power operated closure mechanism

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4267619A (en) * 1972-01-26 1981-05-19 The Stanley Works Controlled release door holder
US3852846A (en) * 1972-07-28 1974-12-10 Republic Industries Door hold open attachment for a door check
US3875612A (en) * 1972-10-05 1975-04-08 Kidde & Co Walter Door control device
US4069544A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-01-24 Rixson-Firemark, Inc. Electrically actuated door holder and release
US4222147A (en) * 1978-03-20 1980-09-16 Reading Door Closer Corp. Door closer with assist or door operating features
US5456283A (en) * 1993-08-25 1995-10-10 Itt Corporation Infinite hydraulic check
US6510586B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2003-01-28 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Door closer
US6442795B1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-09-03 Girefa Enterprise Co., Ltd. Damper for a pivot door
US20100064472A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2010-03-18 Dorma Gmbh + Co.Kg Door Closer
US8732904B2 (en) * 2007-01-12 2014-05-27 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Door closer
US20110219584A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Guangdong Kin Long Hardware Products Co., Ltd. Floor spring and assembly method thereof
US8499415B2 (en) * 2010-03-10 2013-08-06 Guangdong Kin Long Hardware Products Co., Ltd. Floor spring and assembly method thereof
WO2011160785A1 (de) * 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Türschliesser
US20210372190A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Dormakaba Deutschland Gmbh Door actuator for opening and/or closing a door
US11578522B2 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-02-14 Dormakaba Deutschland Gmbh Door actuator for opening and/or closing a door

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2201594A1 (de) 1972-09-07
DE2201594C2 (de) 1983-11-03
SE393425B (sv) 1977-05-09
JPS5239256B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-10-04
FR2122168A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-25
ZA72137B (en) 1972-09-27
CA960711A (en) 1975-01-07
IT946451B (it) 1973-05-21
GB1352272A (en) 1974-05-08

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