US3696228A - Pressure vessel and method of making - Google Patents

Pressure vessel and method of making Download PDF

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Publication number
US3696228A
US3696228A US74974A US3696228DA US3696228A US 3696228 A US3696228 A US 3696228A US 74974 A US74974 A US 74974A US 3696228D A US3696228D A US 3696228DA US 3696228 A US3696228 A US 3696228A
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metal
layer
overlay
dam
electroslag
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US74974A
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English (en)
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Royal David Thomas Jr
James E Norcross
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Hoskins Manufacturing Co
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Arcos Corp
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Assigned to HOSKINS MANUFACTURING COMPANY reassignment HOSKINS MANUFACTURING COMPANY MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE JULY 12,1982 A CORP OF MI Assignors: ARCOS CORPORATION
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K25/00—Slag welding, i.e. using a heated layer or mass of powder, slag, or the like in contact with the material to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
    • F16L9/04—Reinforced pipes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A pressure vessel with corrosion resistant lining and inexpensive overall is constructed in two steps. First a thin-walled vessel is prepared from integrally clad plate by conventional means, the cladding thus being of controlled quality, thickness and well bonded to the backing metal. Then the thickness of the backing metal is built up to the desired dimension preferably by electroslag deposition in the continuous casting process. The electroslag layer bonds to the backing layer without penetrating to the inner layer, and thus preserves the corrosion resistance of the lining. Heavy tube sheets are prepared in similar manner by depositing additional backing metal behind a clad metal plate.
  • the present invention relates to the construction of heavy-walled pressure vessels, including pipe sections and tube sheets with corrosion resistant lining or surface.
  • Hopkins U.S. Pat. No. 2,191,481 supplies molten metal from a source of molten metal or from melting of an electrode.
  • the composite body produced may be used as such.
  • Hopkins does not contemplate adding the molten metal by fusion of an electrode as an increment or weld bead, but lays down a deposit of molten metal across the entire width at once.
  • Electroslag welding and continuous casting of billets by the electroslag process is a well known technique. To some extent the electroslag process of continuous casting has been used to overlay a base material.
  • the present invention relates to a method of preparing a heavy-walled pressure vessel, pipe section, or tube sheet with corrosion resistant liners and surfaces by combining the low cost, limited thickness, high-integrity rolled-clad, or similar materials, and the excellent quality electroslag continuous welding process to create a finished bimetallic product of any thickness or shape.
  • the invention proposes that commercial clad steel first be rolled to the proper shape and dimensions, after which a typical butt weld is used to join the sections. An electroslag overlay is then applied to the outer surface, the overlay to be of the base metal composition of the clad metal or in some cases of different composition to give greater strength, provided the two base materials are compatible when joined by electroslag welding.
  • the invention also proposes that commercial clad plate be overlaid on the structural side by the electroslag process to give additional thickness and strength for the production of heavy section tube sheets.
  • the increment of weld metal deposited at a given position of the dams has a decided metallurgical advantage over Hopkins U.S. Pat. No. 2,191 ,481 which casts a gross deposit the full width of the plate on the base metal and thus obtains coarsely dendritic cast structure in the weld.
  • By using small increments which avoid over-heating the base metal and control the solidification of the weld metal most of the base metal is kept cool, reducing the penetration into the base metal and dilution of the added metal.
  • the increments of metal may be larger, but they will be small compared to the size of the pressure vessel.
  • the thickness of the increment will often be the total thickness of the buildup of structural metal on the back of wrought clad metal, although of course it can build up the structural metal in two or three different passes.
  • the horizontal dimensions of the increment of metal deposited at any one time namely the thickness perpendicular to the vessel wall and the width of bead measured longitudinally along the vessel, for best results will be limited to 4 inches by 4 inches, although satisfactory results can be obtained with horizontal dimensions of 6 inches by 12 inches or 12 inches by 6 inches, and in very large vessels the increment deposited at one time may have a dimension as much as 12 inches by 24 inches or 24 inches by 12 inches.
  • high strength low alloy steel weld metal may economically be deposited in thickness dimensions of 1 inch or only one-half inch, if the strength of the alloy would make such a backing equivalent to many inches of mild steel.
  • Equiaxed grains are formed in the solidifying weld because of the quenching action of the adjoining cool metal, and a heat treating or tempering effect is had on the previously deposited weld base adjacent to the increment being added.
  • One size of welding shoe or dam will weld all sizes of vessel, and it is not necessary to use a special shoe for each vessel. This incremental buildup of the backing permits using thinner composite metal in making the vessel, without danger of penetration, and without resorting to artificial cooling of the base metal layer, since the heat and penetration patterns will be controlled within the lower limits.
  • the invention is applicable to any bi-metallic material wherein an increase in the base metal thickness is desirable beyond that commercially available.
  • the clad metal may be roll-clad, explosion-clad, vacuum brazed or otherwise mill clad. Electroslag welding or casting can be used to produce unlimited thickness of high quality metal and this provides the means of producing unlimited thickness of bi-metallic materials in a variety of shapes and forms.
  • a further purpose is to provide a structural backing in any desired alloy composition to meet the design criteria.
  • a further purpose is to cool the corrosion resisting layer as by a water spray during welding, suitably electroslag welding, to its structural backing layer, while a third layer is applied thereto for strengthening, thus avoiding sensitizing the corrosion resisting layer from overheating or making it metallurgically unstable.
  • a further purpose is to back up a clad metal pressure vessel having the corrosion-resisting layer on the inside by a third strengthening layer which is applied by welding with the strip electrode and a backing strip, welding with multiple wire welding under submerged arc process or Migwelding, the final strengthening layer being of alloy steel which is much stronger than the backing layer of the original clad metal.
  • a further purpose is to place a pipe or the like in vertical position, to surround it with a suitably cooled dam in spaced relation and to electroslag weld between the pipe and the dam to strengthen the same.
  • the initial pipe will preferably be a clad metal structure with a corrosion-resisting layer on the inside and the final electroslag weld may be an alloy steel which strengthens the carbon metal backing layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a typical heavy plate section ready for either forming into a vessel or heavy pipe section or for weld overlay to form a tube sheet.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a typical commercial clad steel which can be used for fabricating a variety of items such as pressure vessels, pipe sections, or tube sheets. Such commercial clad plate is limited in thickness by the problem of mill rolling heavy sections.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse section through a typical pressure vessel, prepared by rolling clad plate into a cylinder and butt welding it, using commercial mill clad material.
  • FIG. 4 is a section through the same vessel shown in FIG. 3, which has had applied to the outer surface an electroslag overlay to increase the wall thickness. The added thickness is limited only by the size of the retaining dams used to apply the overlay.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a slab of a typical commercial clad steel sheet, to which has been added by electroslag overlay, additional base metal thickness.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross section through a heavy section of bimetallic material showing commercial mill clad material overlaid by use of the electroslag process to add any desired thickness to the commercial mill clad material.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram sketch, in perspective, showing one procedure that can be used to weld overlay by electroslag welding on a continuous basis a heavy-walled pressure vessel or pipe section.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a two-piece dam used to make the initial overlay base.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a replacement part which is used in the dam of FIG. 8 during the later stages of operation.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the dam in position during the welding of the first base.
  • FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 showing the dam approaching the tie-in with the start of welding.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the dam during the tie-in operation in which the darn part of FIG. 9 is used.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an L-shaped dam as it continues to mold a spiral overlay weld deposit.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a flat plate similar to FIG. 5, showing the electroslag reinforcement which has been applied in successive passes.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a tube sheet being overlaid with a structural layer, using a phased starting dam and an L-shaped movable dam.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a special dam with removable side.
  • FIG. 17 is a plan view of the placement of weld beads on a prospective tube sheet from which a four foot diameter disc will later be machined.
  • FIG. 18 is a vertical fragmentary perspective showing a variation of the invention, applied to welding of the strengthening layer on a pipe, preferably of clad metal.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show typical plates ready to be millformed into cylindrical vessels, by methods known in the prior art.
  • the less expensive material is indicated at 20, and the expensive corrosion resistant layer is indicated at 21.
  • FIG. 2 may also represent a block of steel intended to serve as a tube sheet in a condenser or heat exchanger, which lacks the desired thickness of the backing material but is of adequate thickness of roll-bonded cladding 21.
  • FIG. 3 shows a pressure vessel in schematic section, when partially completed, the longitudinal seam 22 having been joined by butt welding, by procedures known in the art. Circumferential seams (not shown) are used to join the cylindrical portions of the vessel to dished or hemispherical heads, as required.
  • FIG. 4 shows the vessel of FIG. 3 after having been increased in wall thickness through application of the present invention through the addition of an additional layer 23 of overlay metal deposited by electroslag welding.
  • FIG. 5 shows the tube sheet of FIG. 2 when built with additional backing 23 by electroslag overlay weldmg.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross section through the block shown in FIG. 5.
  • the thickness T of the weld buildup 23 may be extended to any desired thickness.
  • FIG. 7 shows the preferred method of applying the invention. l-Iere successive increments of overlay metal 24, 25 and 26 have been applied in spiral fashion while rotating the cylindrical shell 27 past an electroslag welding dam 28 with which (not shown) the molten slag and metal pool of the electroslag process is confined. The direction is shown by the arrow 30.
  • FIG. 8 shows one method of constructing the channel-shaped dam 28 and 31, which permits transforming itinto an L-shaped dam 28 during overlay welding.
  • An extension 32 of the L-shaped mold which may replace the channel wall 31 as shown in FIG. 9.
  • Inlets are shown at 33 and outlets are provided at 34 for circulating of cooling fluid through the separate parts of the dam.
  • FIGS. 10, l1, l2 and 13 illustrate the sequence of operations leading up to the continuous welding process of FIG. 7.
  • the channelshaped mold of FIG. 8 is assembled using parts 28 and 31. These are water cooled blocks of copper, with inlet ports 33 and outlet ports 34, but they can be cooled by any other convenient means. Mold part 31 is held in sliding contact with the edge of mold part 28, as by clamps or by a mortised keyway (not shown).
  • this deposition is preferably planned to follow a spiral path which will intersect the starting point adjacent one edge of bead 24.
  • a starting stool 36 is removed by flame cutting or by other means, leaving the end face 37 of head 24 in condition to nest snuggly under the upper face 38 of dam 31 when it reaches the position formerly occupied by the stool. Since the deposit 24 is not about to begin the second course around the vessel, it has been numbered 25.
  • FIG. 12 shows the start of the overlapping tie-in operation.
  • Dam 31 is now rotated in contact with shell 27 being nudged along by the prepared end 37 of head 24, and thus is sliding downward past darn 28.
  • Dam 32 is in process of replacing dam 31 so as to extend the contact of dam 28 with the upper surface of bead 24 and so prevent runout of the molten metal.
  • FIG. 13 shows the continuous operation after the starting point has been successfully passed.
  • Bead 25 is, of course, merely the spiral continuation of bead 24.
  • FIG. 14 shows a Hat plate of clad steel, with an alloy layer 21 and a backing layer 20, built up with structural layer 23 composed of separate weld additions 24, 25 and 26.
  • FIG. 15 shows one method of preparing the plate of FIG. 14, using an artificial first bead 40 against which to deposit the initial weld bead 24.
  • the artificial bead is a bar of copper water cooled through an inlet tube 33 and an outlet tube 34.
  • the L-shaped dam thus may be used for the entire overlay operation, as it overlaps starting shoe 40 during deposition of bead 24 just as it will later overlap bead 24 to deposit a second bead, and so on.
  • FIG. 16 shows an alternate construction of a channel-shaped dam similar to dam 28 and 31 of FIG. 8, in which the movable side 41 of the dam is slidably held in position against dam 28 by keyway 42.
  • the upper face 43 of dam 41 comes in contact with the prepared end 37 of head 24, FIG. 11, rotation of the shell downward relative to shoe 28 will force darn 41 downward as guided by the keyway 42 until it finally loses contact with shoe 28 and may be disconnected from the equipment.
  • FIG. 17 shows the method of depositing successive beads 24, 25, 25, 25 25 and 25 on half of a plate which will later be converted into a tube sheet.
  • a water-cooled copper shoe 40 is clamped alongside the location of the front bead 24, and a water-cooled stool 37 is clamped next to shoe 40 as shown, some 15 inches below the center line C in a typical installation.
  • a second stool 37 is clamped next to stool 37 at a position typically 18 inches below the center line.
  • a new stool (not shown) is clamped against stool 37 at a position at least typically 21 inches below the center line.
  • stools for the deposition of beads 25 25 and 25" will be clamped in place at least 24 inches below the center line.
  • weld beads At the top of the weld beads we place a series of bars 37 and 37 (only two are shown) of copper or suitable material to prevent run-off in each bead when it rises beyond the preceding bead (similar to the way bars 37 and 37 operate at the bottom). In this way the surface of the backing metal 21 will be covered with weld beads 24, 25, 25 25 25 25 and their symmetrical counterparts to the right of center, of a center circular area typically 4 feet in diameter.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A nuclear reactor equivalent to the Shippingport reactor vessel is prepared by the present process in the following manner.
  • the shell for the Shippingport reactor was rolled from A302B manganese-molybdenum steel seven inches thick, and then a stainless steel overlay was applied to the inside surface by series-arc overlay extending as described in the Welding Journal, volume 36 (11), pages l,078-1,084 (November 1957); the inside diameter of the shell was over 9 feet, and the stainless overlay was at least three-eighths inch thick, to assure that the exposed surface was of corrosion resisting composition.
  • a vessel of the same internal diameter and length is first formed with Lukens l percent clad plate only 1 inch thick, the clad layer being type 304 stainless steel with guaranteed minimum thickness of 0.10 inch which is deemed adequate for the intended service since this entire thickness is a wrought product of type 304 composition.
  • the completed shell is then brought to an electroslag welding station where it is mounted on turning rolls broadside to the welding machine, and a water-cooled copper dam retaining shoe of channel shape configuration 6 inches deep, 8 inches wide and 7 inches high is brought to bear against the shell at the 3 oclock position, thereby defining a thickness of 6 inches and width of 8 inches of metal to be built up in one pass on the surface through electroslag weld deposition.
  • the dam has a removable wall at the left side and an L-shaped wall at the center and right sides.
  • a stool or plug of mold steel (later to be cut away) is placed within the dam at the bottom to provide a starting tab.
  • Three manganese-molybdenum alloy steel electrode wires ,4; inch diameter are prepared for feeding into the welding area through the three guide tubes of the welding machine.
  • a quantity of electroslag welding flux placed within the dam rests upon the stool. Arcs are struck to melt the flux, and more flux is added until a pool of molten slag is created of sufficient depth to submerge and extinguish the arcs by converting the method of energy transfer to electroslag conduction.
  • the wires are positioned into the slag at a steady rate for the welding machine, maintaining a voltage drop of 46 volts at a current of 700 amperes per wire.
  • the voltage may vary between 40 and 60 volts without adversely affecting the process, and the current may be adjusted between 500 and 1,000 amperes per wire in normal practice.
  • the rate of melting of the wires by the slag bath will depend on the current and the voltage chosen as they determine the bath temperature. Under the conditions quoted the electrode wires are melted off within the slag bath at a speed of approximately 170 inches per minute of 35 pounds per hour per electrode.
  • the shell is rotated slowly downward past the dam to withdraw the stool and then to withdraw successive lengths of deposited overlay in the bottom of the dam, maintaining the level of the slag surface at the desired working position within the dam.
  • the starting stool is removed by flame cutting.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A shell similar to Example 1 is overlaid using equipment which feeds a continuous strip electrode into the dam.
  • the cross section in the strip electrode is 0.030 inch thick by 6 inches wide.
  • the voltage is 46 volts as before but the current on this single electrode is 2, l 00 amperes.
  • the composition of the strip is manganesemolybdenum steel.
  • a spray of water is directed upon the inner surface of the vessel at the location of the dam to cool the type 304 stainless steel clad layer for greater assurance of metallurgical stability and avoidance of sensitization from overheating.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A tri-metallic tube sheet of unusual properties is prepared as follows for use in a heat exchanger of cylindrical cross section 4 feet in diameter.
  • a water-cooled shoe 40 of FIG. 15 5 feet long is clamped vertically against the left side of the backing steel, and the water-cooled stool 37 of 1 inch by 4 inches cross section and 14 inches long is clamped hermetically against the backing of steel and in contact with the shoe 40 with its upper face at a location somewhat more than 15 inches below the center line of the proposed circular tube sheet after machining.
  • the dam 28 is then installed against the backing and starting shoe 40 enclosing stool 37 and creating a welding pocket measuring one inch by four inches and approximately 6 inches deep.
  • a welding electrode strip of high purity low carbon iron of cross section 0.040 inch by three inches is fed downward into the pocket, centrally located with respect to the opposite faces of the rectangular cavity.
  • a ball of steel wool is placed between the end of the strip and the stool for ease of starting an arc, and a small amount of flux is placed within the pocket, having a composition typically Calcium fluoride 6% Silica 35% Manganous oxide 40% Alumina 5% Lime 7% Titania 3% Ferrous oxide 3% Sodium oxide 1% Powered metal particles of ferromagnetic character and with an overall chemical composition sufficient to form an alloy known as Ni Cr Mo V I-IY-130/150 having a ladle composition as follows:
  • a second stool 37 of comparable dimensions (it may be shorter, say 10 inches long) is located adjacent stool 37 with its upper face at least 18 inches below the overlay center line, and the welding equipment is repositioned to enclose stool 37.
  • An extension of bead 24 is provided at the top as shown in Flg. 17.
  • the welding sequence is repeated, depositing the second bead 25 of 5Ni Cr Mo V HY-l30/ 150 metal which melts into the side of head 24, and the backing and which is terminated at least 18 inches above the center.
  • bead is deposited against bead 25, extending at least 21 inches below to 21 inches above the center.
  • beads 25 25 and 25 are deposited extending at least 2 feet below to 2 feet above the center.
  • the resulting tube sheet has a corrosion resistant surface 21 comprising type 304L stainless steel at least 0.200 inches thick, roll bonded to A302B backing metal of variable thickness because of the welding penetration, which in turn is bonded to a layer of 5Ni Cr Mo V HY-l /150 steel at least 2 inches thick.
  • the strength properties of the 5Ni Cr Mo V HY-l 30/ 150 layer make this tri-metallic tube sheet (only 4 inches thick) equivalent to a bi-metallic A302B clad sheet some 10 inches thick, which is a great saving in weight and material.
  • a pressure vessel is made by welding together a corrosion-resisting steel layer, suitably type 304 L stainless steel, and a backing layer of plain carbon steel.
  • This backing layer is backed up by backing with a high strength alloy steel.
  • the alloy steel strengthening layer is applied using a strip electrode, and also laying down on the work a backing strip.
  • Another technique for applying the strengthening layer is multiple wire submerged arc welding or Migwelding. This creates a three-layer vessel having the high strength alloy steel on the outside. Because the alloy steel is high strength, a deposition of for example one-half inch will take the place of a strengthening layer of 2 7Q inches of mild steel.
  • a pipe 49 is arranged vertically with its corrosion-resisting layer on the inside, and preferably with a mold steel backing layer bonded to the corrosion-resisting layer.
  • a dam 50 suitably copper water-cooled and suitably having division lines for convenient separation (not shown).
  • electroslag welding is conducted, applying at the top a slag 51 floating on the molten metal, entered by a series of electrodes 52 from above, which oscillate as suggested by the arrows.
  • the electroslag weld is applied on a previously welded position to the outside of the backing 20 as shown at 53. Thus, it is possible to move the dam up continuously and extend the annular weld.
  • a suitably thick ring of copper may be provided with water cooling and split up so that the ring overlaps after one complete revolution around the surface of the vessel.
  • This ring may be tied in place by turnbuckles or other suitable device, and such a ring can thus provide a starting surface against which an L-shape mold rides and encloses the first pass of deposited overlay weld metal.
  • the starting clad metal to be overlaid may well be a standard roll clad plate or cylinder with stainless steel on a carbon steel back.
  • the strength and toughness qualifications may dictate that an alloy steel overlay will be more desirable than ordinary carbon steel and may in fact permit the use of lesser thickness with economies in fabrication, in designs of supporting structures and possibly of operation of the vessel.
  • a vessel for use at low temperature can be thus produced with an alloy steel having up to 10 percent nickel for toughness at the desired temperatures.
  • a vessel for high temperature operation can be constructed with a steel containing chromium and/or molybdenum. Alloys which permit steels of up to 200,000 pounds per square inch tensile strength are well known and can be readily deposited by the electroslag process, permitting designs with lesser wall thickness than those made entirely of ordinary carbon steel.
  • the metal providing the overlay is illustrated as inch diameter wire. It is well known in Parsons US. Pat. Nos. 3,507,968 and 3,51 1,303 that electroslag melting produces high quality steel and other alloys when the electrodes are inexpensive carbon steel wires or strips and alloys are introduced as powder. The present invention combined with this known method of producing alloy steels offers an economical method of producing pressure vessels for a wide variety of applications.
  • the methods for overlaying clad plates and cylindrical vessels can equally well be adapted for the production of hemispherical heads, dished heads, and other surfaces, using the spiral overlay techniques or other known methods of applying heavy overlay deposits.
  • the electroslag method of overlaying is particularly suitable for carrying out this invention because of its continuous nature, its high quality metal and its economy.
  • Other overlay methods such as submerged arc, plasma arc, metal are inert gas, and tungsten arc inert gas processes may be found applicable in certain cases for carrying out the invention.
  • the corrosion resistant layer may be AlSl 300 series stainless steel, M81 400 series stainless steel, nickel or nickel alloy, monel, inconel, incolloy, Copper Development Classification Alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, zirconium, zirconium alloy, a refractory metal such as tungsten, a noble metal such as platinum or gold, or a cobalt base alloy.
  • the backing layer is mole carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, low alloy steel, or medium alloy steel in most cases.
  • the structural layer which is applied by electroslag welding may be mild carbon steel weld metal, high carbon steel weld metal, low alloy steel weld metal or medium alloy steel weld metal.
  • a method of producing heavy walled articles of bimetallic construction comprising preparing at least a portion of a thin walled article from bimetallic clad metal having a wrought corrosion resisting layer on one side and a wrought layer of structural steel backing metal on the other side, the two layers being joined to make bimetallic clad metal, disposing at least a part of the above portion of the wall of the article vertical, setting up a first dam enclosing a portion of the vertical wall of the article at the wrought structural steel backing layer, electroslag welding in the space enclosed by the first dam against the wrought structural steel backing metal layer to deposit overlay metal, relatively advancing the first dam and the electroslag welding operation with respect to the article to form a first bead of overla metal a ainst t e wrou ht structural steel backing layer and w lded to it, settin g up a second vertical dam enclosing a space against further vertical localized areas of the wrought structural steel backing metal layer and

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
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US4857694A (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-08-15 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for automatic vapor cooling when shape melting a component
US5624067A (en) * 1995-09-26 1997-04-29 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for weld joining pipe sections
US5942289A (en) * 1997-03-26 1999-08-24 Amorphous Technologies International Hardfacing a surface utilizing a method and apparatus having a chill block
US6269870B1 (en) 1998-04-24 2001-08-07 Behr Gmbh & Co. Exhaust heat exchanger
US6274839B1 (en) 1998-12-04 2001-08-14 Rolls-Royce Plc Method and apparatus for building up a workpiece by deposit welding
US20060124209A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-06-15 Jan Schroers Pt-base bulk solidifying amorphous alloys
US20060157164A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-07-20 William Johnson Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US20060180578A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2006-08-17 Byerly Steven M Apparatus and method for supplying a continuous source of wire
US20070003780A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2007-01-04 Varkey Joseph P Bimetallic materials for oilfield applications
US20080277452A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-13 Stef Castelijns Method of explosion welding to create an explosion welded article having a non-planar surface
US20090065556A1 (en) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Ge-Hitachi Nucleare Energy Americas Llc Method to reduce shrinkage driven distortion when welding on pressure piping and vessel materials
US20110186183A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2011-08-04 William Johnson Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US20150202710A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-07-23 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of welding structural steel and welded steel structure
US11371108B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2022-06-28 Glassimetal Technology, Inc. Tough iron-based glasses with high glass forming ability and high thermal stability
WO2025159749A1 (en) * 2024-01-25 2025-07-31 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG System and process for electroslag additive manufacturing

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DE3040296C2 (de) * 1980-10-25 1987-04-30 Thyssen AG vorm. August Thyssen-Hütte, 4100 Duisburg Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schwerbauteilen
DE3522646A1 (de) * 1985-06-25 1987-01-08 Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbre Formkoerper aus schlecht schweissbarem werkstoff
US5330091A (en) * 1992-10-09 1994-07-19 The Boc Group, Inc. Seamless cylinder shell construction

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US3860780A (en) * 1973-09-24 1975-01-14 Dynaloc Corp Method of making self-centering pulley using mig welding
US4807800A (en) * 1986-12-16 1989-02-28 Man Gutehoffnungshuette, Gmbh Method for manufacturing thin-walled hollow bodies of concentric metal layers
US4857694A (en) * 1988-05-06 1989-08-15 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for automatic vapor cooling when shape melting a component
US5624067A (en) * 1995-09-26 1997-04-29 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for weld joining pipe sections
US5942289A (en) * 1997-03-26 1999-08-24 Amorphous Technologies International Hardfacing a surface utilizing a method and apparatus having a chill block
US6269870B1 (en) 1998-04-24 2001-08-07 Behr Gmbh & Co. Exhaust heat exchanger
US6274839B1 (en) 1998-12-04 2001-08-14 Rolls-Royce Plc Method and apparatus for building up a workpiece by deposit welding
US8828155B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2014-09-09 Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US9745651B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2017-08-29 Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US20060157164A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-07-20 William Johnson Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US7582172B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2009-09-01 Jan Schroers Pt-base bulk solidifying amorphous alloys
US7896982B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2011-03-01 Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US20110186183A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2011-08-04 William Johnson Bulk solidifying amorphous alloys with improved mechanical properties
US20060124209A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-06-15 Jan Schroers Pt-base bulk solidifying amorphous alloys
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US7832614B2 (en) * 2007-05-11 2010-11-16 Eaton Corporation Method of explosion welding to create an explosion welded article having a non-planar shape
US20090065556A1 (en) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Ge-Hitachi Nucleare Energy Americas Llc Method to reduce shrinkage driven distortion when welding on pressure piping and vessel materials
US20150202710A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-07-23 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of welding structural steel and welded steel structure
US11371108B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2022-06-28 Glassimetal Technology, Inc. Tough iron-based glasses with high glass forming ability and high thermal stability
WO2025159749A1 (en) * 2024-01-25 2025-07-31 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG System and process for electroslag additive manufacturing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1364892A (en) 1974-08-29
FR2109733A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-26
BE768955A (fr) 1971-11-03
CH536164A (fr) 1973-04-30
SE372329B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-16
GB1364891A (en) 1974-08-29
DE2147084A1 (de) 1972-03-30
LU63950A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-01
GB1364893A (en) 1974-08-29
NL7113027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-28

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