US3694220A - Infrared radiation of seed - Google Patents

Infrared radiation of seed Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694220A
US3694220A US854693A US3694220DA US3694220A US 3694220 A US3694220 A US 3694220A US 854693 A US854693 A US 854693A US 3694220D A US3694220D A US 3694220DA US 3694220 A US3694220 A US 3694220A
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United States
Prior art keywords
seed
grain
rolls
infrared radiation
heating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US854693A
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English (en)
Inventor
Chardo W Pierce
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHARDO PIERCE MICRONIZING Co
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CHARDO PIERCE MICRONIZING CO
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Application filed by CHARDO PIERCE MICRONIZING CO filed Critical CHARDO PIERCE MICRONIZING CO
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Publication of US3694220A publication Critical patent/US3694220A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/02—Preserving by heating
    • A23B9/04—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/143—Cereal granules or flakes to be cooked and eaten hot, e.g. oatmeal; Reformed rice products
    • A23L7/148—Cereal granules or flakes to be cooked and eaten hot, e.g. oatmeal; Reformed rice products made from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough

Definitions

  • corn be popped by using infrared heaters, Hill 3,180,247.
  • the seed is placed dry, with no prior treating except cleaning, upon a tilted, vibrating plate.
  • the seed are heated by gas-fired infrared heaters for about seconds.
  • the seed are not everted or popped. Less than 1% of the grains might pop as an indicator that the remaining grains are soft, malleable, turgid, and plastic, and ready to be extruded by rollers.
  • the heated seed are dropped into the rollers where they are flaked, extruded, or flattened by the rollers.
  • the resulting wafers are more digestable than untreated seed and the finished product may be stored without becoming rancid or otherwise oxidizing.
  • the bulk is increased slightly, the bulk has not been increased to a point Where a storage problem is created.
  • the wafers are sturdy enough not to be crushed in storage or in hauling.
  • An object of this invention is to prepare seed for consumption.
  • Another object of this invention is to convert grain and legume seeds into better cattle feed.
  • FIG. 1 is a block representation of the steps taken according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view, somewhat schematic, of the equipment used for this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial elevational view showing adjustment of the roll gearings.
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the rolls taken substantially on line 4-4 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing details of the serration without grooves in the roll taken on line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general flow diagram of this process.
  • the first step is cleaning by cleaner 10.
  • the seed are cleaned by screening.
  • the next step is to heat the seed for about 20 to 30 seconds with infrared radiators 20.
  • infrared radiators 20 I have found that if about a thousand pounds of seed are being treated an hour, about 500 cubic feet of natural gas per hour is required. Since natural gas has a heating value of 1000 B.t.u. per cubic foot, this is about 500 B.t.u. used in the infrared heaters for each pound of seed. In the heating process, there is no drying or parching of the seed. The coating on the seed seals the seed so there is no apparent loss of moisture.
  • each seed When the interior of the seeds reach a soft, plastic, turgid and malleable state, the seed are fed directly from the heater 20 to roller 30 where each seed is flattened or flaked or formed into a wafer.
  • the interior of each seed is almost of dough-like quality so that it forms a sturdy wafer or flake. If the seed have not been properly heated, they tend to crack or crumble. The seeds tend to crack and crumble if either they have not been heated enough or if they have been heated too much.
  • the feed is adaptable for storage in bins 40 with no further processing.
  • the bulk is increased by about 30% to 50%.
  • this increase in bulk is not sufficient to increase storage space to an uncommercial extent and the feed may be stored for a period of days, weeks, months, or until its ultimate consumption represented by block 50.
  • the amount of time the seed are exposed to the infrared radiant heat will depend upon the kind and variety of seed processed and, also, it will depend upon the conditions under which the seed grew. No two batches of seed will require the same exposure time. Even considering the same varities of grain sorghums, I have found that some take more and some take less time, although in general the exposure to the infrared radiation for to seconds is a good average. The only way I have dis covered to determine how long any particular batch of seed should be processed is to try some of the seed and adjust accordingly. If the seed cracked or crumbled when they come from the roller 30, they are not in proper condition to be fed thereto. I estimate the seed are about 325 F. after heating, although I have not been able to measure the temperature.
  • Feeding bin 12 with kicker 14 feeds the seed onto screen 16 Where the seed are cleaned by screening as is well known to the art. Air cleaning may be used.
  • the seed are fed onto metal plate 22, which is vibrated by pitman 23 connected to motor-driven eccentric or crank 24.
  • the metal plate 22 is supported by leaf-springs 25.
  • the plate about 12 feet long and 2 feet wide to handle 1000 pounds of grain per hour, is tilted so that the seed as vibrated move from the screen-cleaner 10 to the rolling stage 30.
  • a black, iron plate /2 inch thick is well suited to form the plate 22.
  • Infrared radiators 26 are positioned over the plate and gas-fired infrared radiators, as disclosed in US. Pat. 2,775,294, are well adapted for this purpose. They produce a wave length of 2 /2 to 3 microns. Such gas-fired infrared radiators are commercially available on the market. It is desirable to place the radiators 26 only four to seven inches above the plate 22 for better heat transfer.
  • the roller has a funnel or chute 32 leading to the rolls 34 and 36.
  • the bearing for the roll 34 is fixed to the housing, but the bearing for the roll 36 is adjustably mounted by linkage 38 so that the distance between the rolls may be adjusted.
  • the seed are more extruded in the rolls than flattened.
  • the rolls are serated or grooved and these grooves are serrations are in a helical pattern.
  • the helical angle a of the grooves is about 20 to 30.
  • the helical angle is in the same direction on each roll; therefore, a cross or waflle pattern is produced on the wafer.
  • These depressions in the rolls have a depth b of about .015 inch and a width 0 of about .04 inch and a spacing d of about .1 inch on center.
  • the rollers are flat between grooves. No difliculty has been experienced with the grain sticking to the rolls.
  • the rolls are driven by electric motor 35.
  • each seed puffs or rises slightly.
  • the seed will absorb additives such as vitamins or protein supplements.
  • other food elements such as vitamins or protein supplements, may be added to the seed after radiation and before rolling.
  • Some varieties of sorghum seed will rise to .125 inch thickness after having been rolled to .02 inch thickness, although most varieties do not rise this much.
  • Legumes will generally be rolled thicker than grains and will rise more.
  • grain sorghums will have a density of between 35 to 37 pounds per bushel. This density is about the same for all varieties.
  • said grain seed is grain sorghums
  • said processing is controlled to produce grain sorghum having a density of between about 35 and about 37 pounds per bushel.
  • said grain seed is grain sorghum
  • said heating utilizes about 500 B.t.u. per pound of seed. 7.
  • said rolling step is a flattening and extruding step.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
US854693A 1969-09-02 1969-09-02 Infrared radiation of seed Expired - Lifetime US3694220A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85469369A 1969-09-02 1969-09-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3694220A true US3694220A (en) 1972-09-26

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Family Applications (1)

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US854693A Expired - Lifetime US3694220A (en) 1969-09-02 1969-09-02 Infrared radiation of seed

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3694220A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2043300A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1311066A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2451166A1 (de) * 1973-10-29 1975-04-30 Electroprint Inc Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen mehrfarbendrucken
US4252833A (en) * 1979-07-30 1981-02-24 Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze Method of thermic treatment of cereal products
US4340343A (en) * 1981-08-10 1982-07-20 Ugo Mancini Food preparation machine
US4876099A (en) * 1988-07-25 1989-10-24 Macgregor Wild Rice Co. Process for popping wild rice
US5024145A (en) * 1989-08-28 1991-06-18 Flakee Mills, Inc. Vibratory bulk material processor and method
US5132133A (en) * 1991-09-11 1992-07-21 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Reduced calorie, palatable snack product and method of producing same
US5213831A (en) * 1991-05-06 1993-05-25 Brown's Best Food Processing system and method for quick-cooking legumes
US5637336A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-06-10 Kannenberg; James R. Process for drying malt
EP1782700A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 BARILLA G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A. Process for the production of chewable cereals kernels
US20070292583A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-20 Haynes Lynn C Production of stabilized whole grain wheat flour and products thereof
CN113617716A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-11-09 徐州徐薯薯业科技有限公司 一种林业林木种子加工用表面处理设备

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1379116A (en) * 1972-07-25 1975-01-02 Newton D Treatment of cereals and other seeds
US4080475A (en) 1975-03-05 1978-03-21 California Pellet Mill Co. Process of treating cereal grain
IE990473A1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2001-02-21 Dalgarno Ltd A process and apparatus for producing flaked animal fodder
RU2507875C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-02-27 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из зерна кукурузы (кроме лопающейся)
RU2512151C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-04-10 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из фуражного зерна овса
RU2508686C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-03-10 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из фуражного зерна кукурузы (кроме лопающейся)
RU2508694C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-03-10 Георгий Михайлович Суслянок Способ производства хлопьев из зерна пищевых бобов
RU2504206C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-01-20 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из зерна кормовых бобов
RU2508692C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-03-10 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из зерна вигны
RU2504213C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-01-20 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из зерна тритикале
RU2504209C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-01-20 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из фуражного зерна тритикале
RU2504214C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-01-20 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из шелушеного зерна овса
RU2511348C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-04-10 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из фуражного зерна нута
RU2508693C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-03-10 Георгий Михайлович Суслянок Способ производства хлопьев из зерна сои
RU2504208C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-01-20 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из фуражного зерна ячменя
RU2512149C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-04-10 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из зерна чечевицы
RU2508687C1 (ru) * 2012-11-20 2014-03-10 Владимир Александрович Гунькин Способ производства хлопьев из фуражного зерна ржи
RU2536920C2 (ru) * 2012-11-21 2014-12-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный университет пищевых производств" Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации Способ производства хлопьев из зерна ржи
RU2535937C2 (ru) * 2013-04-03 2014-12-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный университет пищевых производств" Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации Способ производства хлопьев из зерна чины
DE202013004931U1 (de) 2013-05-29 2014-09-03 Schöntaler Frisch-Eier Rainer Möhler Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Rainer Möhler, 74214 Schöntal) Vorrichtung zum thermischen Behandeln von Futtermitteln
DE202013005198U1 (de) 2013-06-07 2014-09-08 Schöntaler Frisch-Eier Rainer Möhler Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Rainer Möhler, 74214 Schöntal) Vorrichtung zum thermischen Behandeln von Futtermitteln
DE202013008205U1 (de) 2013-09-16 2014-12-19 Schöntaler Frisch-Eier Rainer Möhler Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Rainer Möhler, 74214 Schöntal) Vorrichtung zum thermischen Behandeln von Futtermitteln
DE202013008327U1 (de) 2013-09-19 2015-01-05 Schöntaler Frisch-Eier Rainer Möhler Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Rainer Möhler, 74214 Schöntal) Vorrichtung zum thermischen Behandeln von Futtermitteln

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2451166A1 (de) * 1973-10-29 1975-04-30 Electroprint Inc Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen mehrfarbendrucken
US4252833A (en) * 1979-07-30 1981-02-24 Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Praze Method of thermic treatment of cereal products
US4340343A (en) * 1981-08-10 1982-07-20 Ugo Mancini Food preparation machine
US4876099A (en) * 1988-07-25 1989-10-24 Macgregor Wild Rice Co. Process for popping wild rice
US5024145A (en) * 1989-08-28 1991-06-18 Flakee Mills, Inc. Vibratory bulk material processor and method
US5213831A (en) * 1991-05-06 1993-05-25 Brown's Best Food Processing system and method for quick-cooking legumes
US5132133A (en) * 1991-09-11 1992-07-21 Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. Reduced calorie, palatable snack product and method of producing same
US6070520A (en) * 1994-04-29 2000-06-06 Kannenberg; James R. Systems for drying malt
US5637336A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-06-10 Kannenberg; James R. Process for drying malt
EP1782700A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 BARILLA G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A. Process for the production of chewable cereals kernels
US20070292583A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-20 Haynes Lynn C Production of stabilized whole grain wheat flour and products thereof
US8133527B2 (en) 2006-06-16 2012-03-13 Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc Production of stabilized whole grain wheat flour and products thereof
US8173193B2 (en) 2006-06-16 2012-05-08 Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc Production of stabilized whole grain flour and products thereof
US8455036B2 (en) 2006-06-16 2013-06-04 Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc Production of stabilized whole grain wheat flour and products thereof
US8455037B2 (en) 2006-06-16 2013-06-04 Kraft Food Global Brands Llc Production of stabilized whole grain flour and products thereof
CN113617716A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-11-09 徐州徐薯薯业科技有限公司 一种林业林木种子加工用表面处理设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1311066A (en) 1973-03-21
DE2043300A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-18

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