US3693322A - Apparatus and method for deodorizing oils - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for deodorizing oils Download PDF

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Publication number
US3693322A
US3693322A US55675A US3693322DA US3693322A US 3693322 A US3693322 A US 3693322A US 55675 A US55675 A US 55675A US 3693322D A US3693322D A US 3693322DA US 3693322 A US3693322 A US 3693322A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
tray
vapor
distributor
gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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US55675A
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English (en)
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Dewey D Lineberry
Frank A Dudrow
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SPX Technologies Inc
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Chemetron Corp
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Assigned to CHEMETRON PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC. reassignment CHEMETRON PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE MARCH 24, 1980. Assignors: CHEMETRON-PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC.,
Assigned to AMCA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, DARTMOUTH NATIONAL BANK BLDG., HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 03755, A CORP. reassignment AMCA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, DARTMOUTH NATIONAL BANK BLDG., HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, 03755, A CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CHEMETRON PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC. A DE CORP.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/38—Steam distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
    • C11B3/14—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation with the use of indifferent gases or vapours, e.g. steam

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This invention provides an apparatus and method for contacting liquid with gas in a vessel in which an upstanding jetforming means directs jets of gas along a path having a horizontal component and through the liquid.
  • the jet forming element may be an upright distributor having orifices spaced along its length from near the bottom of a tray to about the level of the liquid.
  • the jets of gas generate a rising column of liquid and inject gas into the column so formed. Considerable velocity develops and the rapidly moving gas and liquid are impinged with turbulence against a plate and deflected downward. Currents of escaping vapor are driven against each other and against elements of the apparatus to coalesce and separate entrained droplets.
  • a vertical tower able to operate at a vacuum of about 6 mm. Hg is fitted with a plurality of trays through which the oil is passed downward semicontinuously. In a typical installation of five trays the oil resides about 30 minutes in each tray. The top two trays heat the oil to deodorizing temperature, about 450 to 500 F., in the middle two trays the oil is treated with steam introduced through a grid of sparger pipes adjacent to and distributed across the bottom of the tray and the lowermost tray cools the oil to storage temperature so that there will be no deterioration when it is withdrawn from the apparatus and exposed to the air. The volatile fraction is recovered from the vacuum system; the oil carried into the shell surrounding the trays becomes discolored and is discarded.
  • deodorization apparatus Operation of deodorization apparatus is regularly quite violent and the bumping of the steam and oil causes vibrations in the column which are sometimes of such large amplitude that mechanical stress can become a design problem.
  • the sparger type tray moreover, appears to develop considerable local recirculation so that the oil may be treated non-uniformly.
  • the ability to accomplish the customary degree of deodorization in a shorter time provides economic advantages by reducing the man-hours required per ton of oil and by enabling greater production per unit of capital invested in deodorizing equipment. Moreover, more rapid and efficient deodorization subjects the oil to less vigorous time-temperature conditions-so that hydrolysis, fatty acid production and the like, are diminished.
  • This invention is directed to an apparatus and to a method for contacting liquid with gas or vapor. More particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method for contacting a liquid such as an oil with an immiscible vapor such as steam in a highly efficient manner. It especially relates to an apparatus and method by which edible oils may be deodorized in a shorter period of time. Further, the invention enables a larger fraction of the volatile components of the oils to be removed and recovered without excessive losses through entrainment, splashing or degradation.
  • this invention provides an apparatus of sturdy construction including a vessel or tray to contain a liquid to a predetermined level in which an upstanding jet forming means within the vessel directs jets or streams of gas along a path having a horizontal component and through the liquid.
  • the jet forming element may be an upright distributor having orifices spaced along its height from near the bottom of the tray to about the level of the oil.
  • the orifices preferably are circular but may be in the form of slots of various shapes.
  • upright elements within a tray define an annular passage through which liquid is moved while a centrally located perforate element directs jets of gas radially outward.
  • a plate element above the liquid provides a surface for intimate wiping contact of the liquid and gas mixture after which a system of baffles directs the product for disengagement of liquid from the vapor.
  • the apparatus described herein is particularly suited to use in a semicontinuous deodorization process but those skilled in the art will recognize that it is readily adaptable to batch processing by including appropriate heating and cooling means in the deodorizing tray or to continuous operation.
  • the method of this invention includes the steps of providing a body of liquid, introducing a gas into the liquid, dispersing and intermixing the gas within the liquid and then separating the gas from the liquid. More particularly, jets of gas from a pressurized source generate a rising column of liquid and inject gas into the column so formed over a substantial portion of its height and along a path transverse to its rising direction. Considerable velocity develops and the rapidly moving gas and liquid is impinged with turbulence against a plate and deflected outward from the columns center and downward. Currents of escaping vapor are driven against each other and against elements of the equipment to coalesce entrained droplets and facilitate their separation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation largely in section of a deodorizing tray
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view partly in section of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of an alternate embodiment of a tray in section
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate alternate arrangements of contacting apparatus showing the tray in section.
  • the tray shown generally at has a sloping bottom 12 in an upright side 14.
  • the tray is mounted inside the vacuum shell 16 by suitable supportsl8.
  • the tray is preferably circular but may be square or of some other shape.
  • An upright cylinder 20 is mounted within the tray on legs 22'with the lower edge 24 spaced from and substantially parallel to the bottom 12. Its upper end may be near the surface of the liquid to be treated and preferably extends above the surface level. Supports 26 provide additional rigidity.
  • An upright distributor 30 is located coaxially within the cylinder 20 and is secured to the bottom at 32 as by welding. Distributed over the lower portion of the wall of the distributor 30 are holes 34. Within the distributor and coaxial therewith is a pipe 40 which is sealed to the bottom at 42 as by welding and to a flange 44 within the distributor 30. The pipe extends to nearly the top of the distributor and is supported near its upper end within the distributor by channel member 46.
  • a plate 50 Secured to the upper end 36 of the distributor is a plate 50 which has an elliptical central portion 52 and a down turned lip 54. Located against the side 14 of the tray and above the plate 50 is a deflector 60 supported by a gusset 62 so that it overlaps the edges of plate 50 and preferably forms a small angle to the horizontal. Secured to the rim 11 of the tray by spacers 66 is a top 70 having on its lower surface a baffle 74 which depends into the tray beyond the rim 1 l.
  • the high degree of gas to liquid contact desired requires that the gas jets penetrate deeply into the rising liquid column.
  • the extent of this penetration is related to the dimensions of the jet and the jet forming orifice.
  • a lower orifice size limit is about 0.03 inches which size is'suitable for columns of small diameter.
  • an orifice dimension of 0.07 inches is desired.
  • Substantially larger orifices may be employed but the large amount of localized gas results in less efficient contact and may produce bumping of great severity.
  • the orifices are spaced around the periphery of the distributor and along its side to achieve longer contact between the liquid and the gas and to stabilize the lifting action of the gas. Large losses were observed at high gas rates when most of the orifices were near the bottom or the lower portion of the distributor but excellent results are obtained when the orifices are distributed along its height and preferably over a major portion of its height.
  • the orifices should not be so closely spaced that the gas streams and jets will unite to produce inefficient contact. Desirably, the space between circular orifices should be equal to at least five times the diameter of the opening and preferably ten times said diameter. The number of orifices depends upon their size and the steam pressure available which should be balanced so that gas discharge velocity is approximately sonic.
  • the column should not be so wide that good gas penetration is not achieved.
  • a width equal to about to about 200 times the jet diameter is desirable but greater widths may be employed with some reduction of efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 When it is desired to employ the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 for the deodorization of oil it is mounted within a column which can be subjected to a vacuum and ordinarily there is at least one heating tray above it and at least one cooling tray beneath it.
  • the column may be operated under a vacuum; the pressure may be about 1 millimeter of mercury absolute and a pressure of about 6 millimeters is often employed.
  • Oil is charged to the heating trays and agitated with steam until it reaches a temperature suitable for deodorization. Dry steam is charged through pipe 40 and is directed through holes 34 in the distributor 30.
  • the hot oil is then transferred from the heating tray via inlet 76 to the tray 10, the quantity being sufficient to establish a level as indicated at 78 in FIG. 1 and near the upper portion of the cylinder 20.
  • the steam discharges through the holes 34 as jets which penetrate into the body of oil.
  • the pumping action is very violent and the oil splatters against the plate 50, moves radially and is deflected downwardly by the lip 54. If the pumping rate is excessive, the oil and steam may disengage before equilibrium is attained.
  • the steam jets should penetrate substantially through the column to insure good steam-oil contact which is enhanced during passage across the underside of the plate 50.
  • FIG. 1 is particularly suitable for a circular or square tray; the structure illustrated in FIG. 2 is more suitable for use with a rectangular tray. If the tray has great length it may be inclined at an angle so that oil may pass slowly and continuous down through it. Such an elongated tray may also be coiled to form a helix. Oil flow may be regulated by a weir or weirs.
  • a tray generally 110 having a bottom 112 and an upright side 114.
  • upright distributor partitions 130 and 131 having a large number of orifices 134.
  • Mixer walls 120 and 121 are spaced laterally from the distributor plates and vertically above the bottom 112 and are secured to the structure by legs 122 and supports 124. Steam is supplied to the distributor by pipe 140.
  • a deflector 160 is supported from the side 114 by gusset 162. In this construction the deflector is above the peak 156 but, nevertheless, located so that the gas escaping from the tray is impinged on the upper surface of the plate to remove entrained droplets.
  • the deflector 160 and the plate 150 cooperate to direct the streams of gas escaping from under the lip 154 into each other along paths indicated by arrows 157 so that droplets and mist suspended in the stream impinge on each other to separate before the gas escapes from the tray.
  • a top 170 is supported from the rim 111 of the tray by'spacers 166 and carries baffles 174 and 175 on its underside.
  • a tray shown generally at 210 has a bottom 212 and a side 214. Oil is supplied by inlet 276. Mounted within the tray is an annular distributor 230 defined by inner wall 231 and outer wall 232. Jet forming orifices 234 are preferably in the outer wall 232. Mounted above the distributor is deflector 260 and plate 250 which elements along with baffle 274 prevent direct or straight line egress of the gas from the tray.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B Additional embodiments of a portion of the apparatus of this invention are illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • a deodorizing tray shown generally at 310 has a bottom 312 and an upright side 314.
  • a distributor 330 having a plurality of risers 333 provided with orifices 334.
  • the lower ends 335 of the risers communicate with a steam supply pipe 350.
  • FIG. 4B a structure similar to that of FIG. 4A is shown except that a large liquid directing plate 460 surmounts several risers 433 and is supported from them by brackets 435.
  • the treated oil is discharged from the tray through outlet valve 480.
  • EXAMPLE I Anapparatus similar to that shown in FIG. 1 was constructed with a square tray 72 inches on a side and 48 inches deep. Within the tray was a cylinder 50 inches in diameter and 23 inches tall mounted 12 inches above the bottom of the tray. Within the cylinder and coaxial with it was a distributor 20 inches in diameter having holes 5/32 inches in diameter extending from about its lower edge to 30 inches above the tray bottom. Surrnounting the tube and secured to its upper end was a plate 66 inches in diameter. A deflector 4 inches wide was mounted from the wall of the tray and at least a portion overlay the plate. The top baffle 13 inches tall depended from it toward the plate. The tray was mounted beneath two heating trays and above one cooling tray in a column about 30 feet tall with an inside diameter of 9 feet.
  • the stripping steam has a cooling effect on the oil and the temperature of the oil drops several degrees during the deodorizing step.
  • the oil temperature decrease is greater with longer deodorizing times and larger quantities of stripping steam.
  • Example Ill The tray described in Example I was charged with 3,810 pounds of vegetable oil, containing about 72 percent soybean oil, at a temperature of 458 F with the tray under 1.2 mm. Hg absolute pressure. Dry steam was injected at the rate of 65 pounds per hour for 19 minutes. The product quality was good and the treatment removed a total of 0.236 percent of the charged oil with 0.138 percent recovered as distillate and 0.098 percent as shell drain material. Tocopherols and sterols comprised 10.5 percent of the distillate material.
  • Examples I, 11 and Ill illustrate the capacity of the apparatus and method of this invention to produce good quality deodorized oil in a very short time, thereby increasing productivity. These examples also illustrate the ability of the apparatus to remove larger percentages of tocopherols and sterols in the distillate.
  • Vegetable oil was used in all the foregoing examples, but other edible fats and oils of commerce, such as animal fats, whale and fish oils, may similarly be deodorized.
  • Apparatus for contacting a body of liquid with a gas, a portion of which liquid is circulated as a rising column within said body comprising a vessel to contain a liquid to a predetermined level, means within said vessel to define at least a part of the path of said rising column, said means extending above said liquid level and including a jet forming element adapted to direct the gas through a substantial portion of the height of the column along a path having a horizontal component and a plate above said liquid level to deflect the top of the column from its rising path.
  • jet forming means includes orifices spaced over the distance from said vessel bottom to said liquid level.
  • Apparatus for contacting a body of liquid with a gas, a portion of which liquid is circulated as a rising column comprising a tray having a side and bottom to contain the liquid to a predetermined level, means within said vessel to define at least a part of the path of said rising column, said means including an upright distributor located within said tray and having its upper end extending above the level of said liquid, said distributor having perforations for projecting jets of vapor outwardly into a substantial portion of the height of said column, a plate above said distributor to divert the rising column and baffle means to direct the vapor during its passage from the tray.
  • Apparatus for contacting a liquid with a vapor comprising a tray having a side and a sloping bottom to hold liquid to a predetermined level, an upright cylinder centrally located within said tray with its lower end spaced from the bottom and having its upper end extending above the liquid level, a distributor coaxially and concentrically within said cylinder and having perforations for projecting jets of vapor radially outward over substantially the entire depth of said liquid, a vapor supply pipe within said distributor, a liquid directing plate secured to the upper end of said distributor and having a diameter larger than said cylinder.
  • the apparatus of claim 8 including a deflector extending from said tray sides above said plate, a top supported from said side and defining a passage therebetween and a baffle depending from said top and over said deflector.
  • the method of contacting a liquid and a gas comprising the steps of providing a body of liquid, developing a rising column of liquid within said body, forming a gas into jets, directing the jets at about sonic velocity into said column over a substantial portion of its height and along a path transverse to its rising direction.
  • jets are circular and have a diameter of at least 0.03 inches and are spaced apart a distance equal to at least five times the jet diameter.
  • the process for treating liquid with a vapor comprising the steps of providing a body of liquid to be treated, circulating said liquid along a path adjacent jet forming means to establish a rising column at least partially within said body, providing a supply of vapor in said body, projecting jets of vapor outwardly from said supply and into said rising column over a major portion of its total height, separating the gas from the liquid and recovering the treated liquid.
  • separation of entrained liquid from the vapor includes the steps of directing the vapor and droplets radially inward and then radially outward to disengage droplets of the liquid from the vapor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
US55675A 1970-07-17 1970-07-17 Apparatus and method for deodorizing oils Expired - Lifetime US3693322A (en)

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JP (2) JPS541481B1 (es)
AR (1) AR199165A1 (es)
BE (1) BE756507A (es)
CA (1) CA939605A (es)
DK (1) DK135542C (es)
ES (1) ES383860A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2109084A5 (es)
GB (1) GB1321299A (es)
IT (1) IT1031006B (es)
NL (1) NL155456B (es)
NO (1) NO134302C (es)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999966A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-12-28 Simon-Rosedowns Limited Deodorizer for triglyceride oils
US4095963A (en) * 1977-02-17 1978-06-20 Chemetron Corporation Stabilization of deodorized edible oils
US4152374A (en) * 1977-04-22 1979-05-01 Cole Richard E Device for injecting water vapor into combustion air
US4297112A (en) * 1978-12-01 1981-10-27 Simon-Rosedowns Limited Deodorization of edible oils
US4929310A (en) * 1988-04-27 1990-05-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Apparatus for deodorizing organic liquids
US4929311A (en) * 1988-04-27 1990-05-29 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for deodorizing an organic liquid
US4997668A (en) * 1989-05-02 1991-03-05 Campbell Soup Company Production of low-cholesterol milk fat by solvent extraction
US5092964A (en) * 1989-02-03 1992-03-03 Campbell Soup Company Production of low cholesterol butter oil by vapor sparging
US5437714A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-08-01 Ebortec Limited Semi-continuous deodoriser
US20050098425A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2005-05-12 Westcott Robert D. Vaporization chamber, and distillation system comprising same, providing improved temperature sensing of liquid contained in the chamber
US20080305003A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-12-11 Bjarne Gullov-Rasmussen Method for Deodorization

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130059036A1 (en) * 2010-03-12 2013-03-07 Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps Process
CN108434789B (zh) * 2018-04-28 2022-09-02 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种浸渍树脂真空脱气的组分回收装置及其使用方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1943146A (en) * 1933-02-14 1934-01-09 Ind Equipment Company Method of and apparatus for deodorizing and dehydrating fluids
US1945489A (en) * 1932-02-09 1934-01-30 Manley Automatic Co Carbonator
US2691665A (en) * 1948-10-16 1954-10-12 Nat Cylinder Gas Co Method and apparatus for deodorizing oils
US2695868A (en) * 1950-08-18 1954-11-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Method and apparatus for treating liquids with gases or vapors
US3129076A (en) * 1960-02-12 1964-04-14 Extraction Continue De Smet Method for deodorizing oil and similar materials, and apparatus for the working thereof
GB989388A (en) * 1962-11-12 1965-04-14 Permutit Co Ltd Improvements relating to deaerators

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1945489A (en) * 1932-02-09 1934-01-30 Manley Automatic Co Carbonator
US1943146A (en) * 1933-02-14 1934-01-09 Ind Equipment Company Method of and apparatus for deodorizing and dehydrating fluids
US2691665A (en) * 1948-10-16 1954-10-12 Nat Cylinder Gas Co Method and apparatus for deodorizing oils
US2695868A (en) * 1950-08-18 1954-11-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Method and apparatus for treating liquids with gases or vapors
US3129076A (en) * 1960-02-12 1964-04-14 Extraction Continue De Smet Method for deodorizing oil and similar materials, and apparatus for the working thereof
GB989388A (en) * 1962-11-12 1965-04-14 Permutit Co Ltd Improvements relating to deaerators

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3999966A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-12-28 Simon-Rosedowns Limited Deodorizer for triglyceride oils
US4095963A (en) * 1977-02-17 1978-06-20 Chemetron Corporation Stabilization of deodorized edible oils
US4152374A (en) * 1977-04-22 1979-05-01 Cole Richard E Device for injecting water vapor into combustion air
US4297112A (en) * 1978-12-01 1981-10-27 Simon-Rosedowns Limited Deodorization of edible oils
US4929310A (en) * 1988-04-27 1990-05-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Apparatus for deodorizing organic liquids
US4929311A (en) * 1988-04-27 1990-05-29 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for deodorizing an organic liquid
US5092964A (en) * 1989-02-03 1992-03-03 Campbell Soup Company Production of low cholesterol butter oil by vapor sparging
US4997668A (en) * 1989-05-02 1991-03-05 Campbell Soup Company Production of low-cholesterol milk fat by solvent extraction
US5437714A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-08-01 Ebortec Limited Semi-continuous deodoriser
US20050098425A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2005-05-12 Westcott Robert D. Vaporization chamber, and distillation system comprising same, providing improved temperature sensing of liquid contained in the chamber
US7258765B2 (en) 2003-11-12 2007-08-21 Drawform, Inc. Vaporization chamber, and distillation system comprising same, providing improved temperature sensing of liquid contained in the chamber
US20080305003A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-12-11 Bjarne Gullov-Rasmussen Method for Deodorization
US8177986B2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2012-05-15 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Method for deodorization

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL155456B (nl) 1978-01-16
DK135542C (da) 1977-10-24
DE2046895A1 (de) 1972-01-20
GB1321299A (en) 1973-06-27
BE756507A (fr) 1971-03-01
DK135542B (da) 1977-05-16
FR2109084A5 (es) 1972-05-26
CA939605A (en) 1974-01-08
NO134302B (es) 1976-06-08
IT1031006B (it) 1979-04-30
DE2046895B2 (de) 1976-04-01
AR199165A1 (es) 1974-08-08
NL7014093A (es) 1972-01-19
NO134302C (es) 1976-09-15
JPS541481B1 (es) 1979-01-25
ES383860A1 (es) 1973-03-01
JPS5530881B1 (es) 1980-08-14

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CHEMETRON PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON-PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC.,;REEL/FRAME:003873/0520

Effective date: 19810227

AS Assignment

Owner name: AMCA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, DARTMOUTH NATIONAL

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON PROCESS EQUIPMENT, INC. A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004188/0073

Effective date: 19830104