US3693005A - Secondary-emissive electrode - Google Patents

Secondary-emissive electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3693005A
US3693005A US115637A US3693005DA US3693005A US 3693005 A US3693005 A US 3693005A US 115637 A US115637 A US 115637A US 3693005D A US3693005D A US 3693005DA US 3693005 A US3693005 A US 3693005A
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United States
Prior art keywords
channels
plate
electrode
core material
filled
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Expired - Lifetime
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US115637A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerard Clement
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US3693005A publication Critical patent/US3693005A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
    • H01J43/246—Microchannel plates [MCP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
    • H01J31/506—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output tubes using secondary emission effect

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A secondary emissive electrode for image intensifiers, cathode-ray tubes and the like which comprises a plate of insulating material having two substantially parallel boundary surfaces on opposite sides thereof pierced by channels, the walls of which are secondary emissive, forming a high-density network of channels between two surfaces. The periphery of this plate has at least two regions one opposite the other relative to the center of the body with channels which are filled with a core material.
  • all channels are initially filled with a material which can be etched away by an acid. Those channels in the regions of the periphery are covered with a coating which is etch resistant, and the core material in the remaining channels etched away after which the coating is removed.
  • This invention relates to a secondary-emission electrode of the channel plate type for use in electronic tubes, said electrode being formed by a glass body or a body of similar material having two substantially parallel boundary faces and traversed by micro-channels forming a high-density network between said two faces.
  • the density of the aforesaid channels may be channels/cm each channel having a diameter of about 10y"
  • Various methods are used for manufacturing such matrices. One of them consists in drawing a fiber of two kinds of glass, one type of soft glass formingthe core and the other type being a harder glass forming the sheath.
  • the fiber After drawing the fiber is cut into sections and the various sections are pressed against each other and heated, if desired, after the insertion of a melt ensuring the adhesion between the tubes.
  • the central glass is then dissolved by an acid and then the channel plate is covered on both faces with a conductive layer.
  • the glass core serves for preventing deformation of the channels, when the sections are stuck to each other, which gives rise to pressure on the tube walls.
  • metal wires may be employed.
  • the channel plate or secondary-emission electrode is suitable for being mounted in an electronic tube, for example, an image intensifier or a cathode-ray tube.
  • the feeding electrodes have to hold the whole weight of the plate and grip only a few hollow channels. This involves the risk of breakage of channels, due to which the tube may become unserviceable.
  • the second drawback is of an electro-optical nature. Even in the absence of incident electrons on the input face, the contact between the electrodes and these channels may produce field emission by point effect. The electrons thus released are amplified in the channel and on the phosphor screen or the photo graphic plate they produce fixed luminous points producing parasitic light, which may be harmful to the study of given phenomena.
  • the present invention has for its object to obviate these drawbacks.
  • the secondary emissive electrode of the channel type for use in electronic tubes is formed by a body a plate of insulating material having two substantially parallel boundary faces and pierced by channels forming a high-density network between said two faces, the inner surfaces of said channels being secondary-emissive.
  • the periphery of this plate has at least two regions one opposite the other relative to the center with channels filled with a core material.
  • the zone having the filled channels forms a peripheral crown.
  • a matrix or channel plate of this type provides furthermore the advantage of an improved distribution of the voltage applied between the input and output faces.
  • the invention has furthermore for its object to provide a method of manufacturing such a plate.
  • This method consists in coating the periphery of the plate or given zones of the peripheral crown with varnish or any other readily soluble product, which is soluble in conventional solvents but which is resistant to the acids used for attacking the cores or centers of the channels.
  • This operation is carried out after the tubes have been glued, after polishing of the faces and prior to the dissolution of the cores.
  • the cores of the channels are of metal, partial dissolution is carried out in the zones which will remain filled in order to avoid shortcircuit between the faces of the channels, where the voltage is applied.
  • FIG. 1 a front view of a plate in accordance with the invention
  • FIG.2 a side elevation of the same plate taken along the axis I I,
  • FIG. 3 a front view of a further embodiment
  • FIG. 4 the circuit diagram of an image intensifier provided with an electrode embodying the invention.
  • the plate 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a circular section.
  • a crown 2 is protected against the attach of the core material to form the channels. This protection may be obtained by applying a collodium layer, forexample, by means of a brush, while the plate is still formed by filled sections.
  • the plate is introduced into a support for centering the applied collodium layer, after which etching is performed; the assembly is then immersed in acetone, which cleans the plate and dissolves the collodium.
  • a layer of plastic material or of teflon may be used.
  • the two faces of the plate are then provided by vacuum-evaporation or cathode sputtering with a metallic layer, for example, of nickelchromium.
  • FIG. 1 the layer is omitted to show that the final electrode is formed by filled channels 4 and hollow channels 5, the former constituting the region 2.
  • FIG. 2 which is a sectional view of the plate of FIG. 1 taken on the line I I, it will be seen that a metallic layer 6 serves for applying the voltage between the two faces of the plate.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a further method of carrying out the invention, in which only sectors 2 of the plate are protected from the etchant of the core material.
  • This Figure also shows electrodes 7, which form supports for the plate. This disposition may be advantageous, when it is desired to obtain a large operative surface.
  • the number of zones 2 is arbitrary and the voltage may be applied to a single electrode.
  • FIG. 4 shows an image intensifier, in which the plate 1 is mounted between a photo-cathode 8 and a phosphor screen 9. The plate is held by the electrode supports 7, which are connected to the respective terminals of a direct-voltage generator 10.
  • a method of manufacturing a secondary-emissive electrode comprising the steps of coating a peripheral portion of a plate having channels filled with a core material with an acid-resistant cover, thereafter etching away with an acid the core material filling said channels outside said peripheral zone which are uncovered, and thereafter subsequently dissolving said cover.

Landscapes

  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
US115637A 1970-04-06 1971-02-16 Secondary-emissive electrode Expired - Lifetime US3693005A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7012321A FR2086673A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-06 1970-04-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3693005A true US3693005A (en) 1972-09-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US115637A Expired - Lifetime US3693005A (en) 1970-04-06 1971-02-16 Secondary-emissive electrode

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US (1) US3693005A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS53262B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2086673A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1302152A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2526222A1 (fr) * 1982-05-03 1983-11-04 Varian Associates Procede de fabrication de faisceaux de fibres de verre, faisceau en resultant et plaque a multicanaux en comportant application, notamment pour photomultiplicateurs
EP0246699A1 (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Fibre plates having coding fibres
US4912314A (en) * 1985-09-30 1990-03-27 Itt Corporation Channel type electron multiplier with support rod structure
US5879425A (en) * 1971-09-20 1999-03-09 Litton Systems, Inc. Method for fabrication of microchannel multiplier plates
US20080087237A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-04-17 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation
EP1632973A3 (en) * 2004-09-03 2010-05-26 Burle Technologies, Inc. Microchannel plate having mounting pad segments

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU589448B2 (en) * 1985-09-30 1989-10-12 International Standard Electric Corporation Electron multiplier
US4853020A (en) * 1985-09-30 1989-08-01 Itt Electro Optical Products, A Division Of Itt Corporation Method of making a channel type electron multiplier
GB9311134D0 (en) * 1993-05-28 1993-07-14 Univ Leicester Micro-channel plates
US20250218755A1 (en) * 2021-10-06 2025-07-03 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Micro-Channel Plate Mount Assembly for Ion Detector in Mass Spectrometry

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3440470A (en) * 1965-09-14 1969-04-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image storage tube multiplier element
US3492523A (en) * 1960-04-20 1970-01-27 Bendix Corp Method of making an image intensifier array and resultant article
US3609433A (en) * 1969-09-29 1971-09-28 Bendix Corp Proximity-focused image storage tube

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3492523A (en) * 1960-04-20 1970-01-27 Bendix Corp Method of making an image intensifier array and resultant article
US3440470A (en) * 1965-09-14 1969-04-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image storage tube multiplier element
US3609433A (en) * 1969-09-29 1971-09-28 Bendix Corp Proximity-focused image storage tube

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5879425A (en) * 1971-09-20 1999-03-09 Litton Systems, Inc. Method for fabrication of microchannel multiplier plates
FR2526222A1 (fr) * 1982-05-03 1983-11-04 Varian Associates Procede de fabrication de faisceaux de fibres de verre, faisceau en resultant et plaque a multicanaux en comportant application, notamment pour photomultiplicateurs
US4912314A (en) * 1985-09-30 1990-03-27 Itt Corporation Channel type electron multiplier with support rod structure
EP0246699A1 (en) * 1986-05-23 1987-11-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Fibre plates having coding fibres
US4838642A (en) * 1986-05-23 1989-06-13 U.S. Philips Corp. Fibre plates having coding fibres
EP1632973A3 (en) * 2004-09-03 2010-05-26 Burle Technologies, Inc. Microchannel plate having mounting pad segments
US20080087237A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-04-17 Tendix Development, Llc Radial impulse engine, pump, and compressor systems, and associated methods of operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS53262B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-01-06
GB1302152A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-04
DE2111329A1 (de) 1971-10-28
FR2086673A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-31
DE2111329B2 (de) 1976-02-12

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