US3692431A - Apparatus for generating a gas jet - Google Patents

Apparatus for generating a gas jet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3692431A
US3692431A US83520A US3692431DA US3692431A US 3692431 A US3692431 A US 3692431A US 83520 A US83520 A US 83520A US 3692431D A US3692431D A US 3692431DA US 3692431 A US3692431 A US 3692431A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
gas
jet
axis
outlet means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US83520A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Gebel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19691954851 external-priority patent/DE1954851C3/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3692431A publication Critical patent/US3692431A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3431—Coaxial cylindrical electrodes

Definitions

  • an arcing chamber structure disposed adjacent to the nozzle assembly for transmitting the gas along the axis to the gas inlet.
  • the nozzle assembly has two nozzle members one of which has a first nozzle passage coaxial with the axis and communicating with the gas inlet.
  • the nozzle passage terminates in a nozzle opening.
  • the two nozzle members can jointly form a second nozzle passage communicating with the gas inlet and have a nozzle outlet arrangement laterally of the jet axis.
  • APPARATUS FOR GENERATING A GAS JET My invention relates to an apparatus for generating a gas jet of high velocity which passes over a discharge nozzle after exiting from an arcing chamber structure.
  • One of the electrodes for generating the light arc can be configured as a cup electrode, from which the light are burns into a cylinder electrode during operation with gas being supplied tangentially.
  • Such plasma burners are known from the publication "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCINECE, January 1964, pages 41 to 46.
  • a through-passing flow column that extends up to and into the cylinder electrode.
  • the light are is gas stabilized.
  • the light are can be rotated by means of magnetic coils arranged around the electrode.
  • German published patent application No. 1,271,852 teaches a light are chamber whose cup electrode is adjustable in the axial direction of the chamber, this axial direction being at the same time the axis of the gas jet.
  • the cup electrode can be provided with a central gas inlet channel. A high velocity of the gas jet is obtained when there is a large difference between the heat content of the gases in front of the nozzle compared to their heat content behind the nozzle, that is, after the gas expands.
  • German Pat. No. 685,455 teaches how to direct a hot flow of gas to a workpiece, the peripheral outer portion of the gas stream being pared oh by deflecting screens. These deflection screens are positioned at a certain distance in front of the nozzle outside of the light arc chamber. With this paring apparatus, the velocity of the gas jet cannot be affected, in contrast, the velocity is reduced and the gas flow is disturbed by eddy formations behind the deflection screens.
  • an ancillary portion of the gas flow can be diverted or pared from the gas flow within the light are chamber.
  • This ancillary gas portion is directed through bores that are arranged at a given spacing from the mouth of the nozzle.
  • the pared portion of the gas flow is again directed toward the primary flow of gas by means of appropriate plates after exiting from the nozzle.
  • This pared-off portion of the gas flow serves to protect the nozzle.
  • a double nozzle is known, for example, from the British Pat. No. 958,3 75. These double nozzles are arranged in the direction of the gas flow and behind one another. Between the tow nozzle portions there are provided means for adding carrier gas with a powder.
  • the carrier gas with the powder can if necessary, be supplied through a bore in the forward nozzle, that is, the so-called secondary nozzle.
  • German published patent application No. 1,085,353 illustrates a plasma accelerator for generating flows having velocities greater than the speed of sound with which an additional medium is admitted to the light are chamber for the purpose of raising the density of the plasma and to restrict the plasma to a thin jet.
  • a portion of the medium not used can be passed off through lead-off slits that are arranged in the region of the nozzle. This apparatus requires an additional medium that to someextent must be again directed away through the slits.
  • a concentric double nozzle is provided to serve as the ejection nozzle of the first mentioned apparatus for generating a gas jet of high temperature, the gas jet exiting from the double nozzle at its inner nozzle opening.
  • the necessary volume of air is selected from the hot core of the eddy flow and accelerated by the inner nozzle throat.
  • the required volume of air amounts to only a portion of the total volume of the gas jet, for example approximately one-third to one-tenth of this total.
  • the outermost, for the most part cold layers of the eddy flow are directed to the outside by means of the larger, ringshape configured nozzle and subsequently by one or more preferably liquid-cooled tubes.
  • This lead-off tube can be disposed preferably somewhat tangentially to the flow of gas.
  • the removed gas can be cooled to a low temperature by means of a cooler and flow out through a valve to the ambient atmosphere.
  • the valve can advantageously be used to control or regulate the pared-off portion of the gas flow.
  • the air ejecting from the outer nozzle can, in addition, be directed away by being mixed with a cool flow of air that flows around the light are chamber in a direction corresponding to the axis of the chamber.
  • the cold air stream surrounding the light arc chamber functions on the pared-off portion of the gas flow like a jet-type pump.
  • a regulation of the pared-off portion of the gas flow or ancillary portion is possible by means of an axial movement of the two nozzle portions. By means of an axial movement of both nozzle portions, the outer ring-like nozzle slit is enlarged or reduced in size.
  • This total efficiency is obtained from the burning efficiency N and from the ratio of the energy N, of the pared-off core to the total energy transferred to the air in the burner N N
  • This total efiiciency can at least be in the same order of magnitude or higher as with a burner equipped with small electrodes.
  • N is the energy of the air streaming through the outer nozzle. Since a large surface is available in a larger electrode for the light arc, the life of the electrodes are correspondingly increased. Copper or copper oxide burnt off or worn off at the roots of the light are is directed away to the outer nozzle by means of the eddy flow. These removed metal parts are therefore not contained in the useful flow which passes through the inner nozzle.
  • the inner nozzle is therefore not clogged and a model located in a following wind tunnel is not influenced by these metal parts.
  • the gas particles in the outer portions of the gas jet have the greatest impulse moment because the greatest azimuthal velocity component and the largest density occur in the outer portion of the eddy flow. Since this portion of the gas jet is pared-off by the outer nozzle, the gas particles exiting from the inner nozzle contain only a negligibly small impulse moment and this exiting gas jet has thereby an essentiall uniform axial flow.
  • a primary or useful flow of gas can be regulated by regulating the paredoff portion when the total flow of gas remains constant.
  • the control in contrast to the regulation of large quantitles with small burners is not associated with a change of the electric energy.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a gas jet generating apparatus equipped with a double nozzle as required by the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a valve for volume controlling the pared-off portion of the gas
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the carrying away of the pared-off gas portions by means of a wind tunnel in accordance with the principle of a jet-type pump.
  • a light arc chamber 2 is closed off by a cylinder type chamber wall 3 and a base plate 4 as well as a cover 5.
  • a drive mechanism 8 of a cup electrode 10 extends through the base plate 4.
  • the electrode 10 is preferably adjustable in the direction of the axis of the light are chamber, the adjusting apparatus not being illustrated in the drawing.
  • the bottom of the electrode 10 can be provided with a central bore for accommodating a flow of gas.
  • a cylinder electrode 12 Opposite the opening of the cup electrode in axial direction of the light are chamber, there is provided a cylinder electrode 12.
  • the light are chamber 2 can be equipped in a known manner. The individual parts are not illustrated in the figure.
  • the gas entering the cup electrode 10 is heated by means of the light are 14 that burns between electrodes l0 and 12.
  • the inner and outer nozzle portions should be movable relative to each other along the axis of the light are chamber and thereby along the gas jet. This movability is indicated in FIG. 1 by the fact that a portion of the outer wall of the outer nozzle portion 18 is enclosed by the outer wall 32 of the inner nozzle portion 16. This portion of the outer wall 32 should enclose the outer wall 31 of the nozzle portion 18 in a gas tight manner.
  • the required sealing means are not illustrated.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the movable nozzle portions are to be viewed simply as illustrative, because different configurations of such nozzle portions of like practicability are reasonable and thinkable.
  • the two nozzle portions 16 and 18 can for example be provided with a common cylindrical outer wall and at least one of the two nozzle portions can be adjustable on this outer wall in axial direction or arranged so that it is displaceable on this wall.
  • FIG. 1 is simply a schematic illustration in which the details, for example, the electric insulation of the flow directing parts are not contained in the figures.
  • the exit channels for paring-off the ancillary portion of the gas flow can be provided with an adjustable cross-section.
  • the exit channel can be bounded by two wall portions 32' and 36 from which the one part 36 is configured as a slider member.
  • the slider member 36 can preferably be provided with water cooling means having a supply and exhaust pipe represented by arrows in the drawing. The cooling liquid flows through the cooling channel 38 of the slider member 36.
  • the walls 32 and 33 and 34 of the outlet channels can be provided with subsidiary cooling.
  • the slider 36 is sealed by means of special seals 39 and 40 against the channel walls 32 and 34. To protect these seals 39 and 40, cold air can be supplied in the region of the seal via a supply opening 42 in the channel 30.
  • a wind tunnel is configured from an essentially cylindrical outer wall 50 so as to surround the light are chamber containing the electrodes and 12, as well as the nozzle arrangement 16 and 18.
  • the ancillary portion of the gas flows streams with a high velocity from the light are chamber and out the outer nozzle 28.
  • the air in the flow channel is torn along in accordance with the jet-type pump principle of operation by the ancillary portion of the gas flow and cools the latter.
  • the cooled gas mixture is directed away via a pipe stud 52.
  • the two nozzle portions 16 and 18 and especially the outer nozzle portion 18 can be configured so that a good flow action results.
  • the core of the gas jet exiting from the inner nozzle opening 26 remains essentially without axial eddy forces so that a flow is substantially axial direction results in the gas path 54 of a following wind tunnel.
  • the cool air flow can also be added by means of a blower not illustrated in the figure.
  • Apparatus for generating a gas jet of high velocity along a jet axis comprising a nozzle assembly coaxial with said axis and having a gas inlet thereon, and an arcing chamber structure disposed adjacent said nozzle assembly for transmitting said gas along said axis to said gas inlet, said nozzle assembly comprising two nozzle members, one of said nozzle members having a first nozzle passage coaxial with said axis and communicating with said gas inlet, said nozzle passage terminating in a nozzle opening, said two nozzle members conjointly forming a second nozzle passage communicating with said gas inlet, and having nozzle outlet means laterally of said jet axis.
  • said nozzle outlet means forming a chamber ar und said axis and ereby the gas lSSU- around said first nozzle passage, w ing from said outlet means acts as a jet-type pump upon the axial gas flow through said arcing chamber structure.
  • said outlet means comprising at least one exit port disposed radially of said gas jet.
  • said outlet means comprising a plurality of exit ports disposal radially of said gas jet, and valve means for adjusting the width of at least one of said exit ports.
  • valve means including a slidable member, cool air supply means connected to at least one of said exit ports for supplying cool air for protecting the sealing capability of said slidable member.
  • Apparatus for generating a gas jet of high velocity comprising a nozzle member, and an arcing chamber for transmitting the gas to the inlet of said nozzle member, the latter comprising two nozzle portions concentric with each other and defining an inner opening through which said gas jet exits.
  • said two nozzle portions defining a ring-like outer opening having a section corresponding to that of a Laval nozzle.
  • apparatus comprising outlet means communicating with said outer opening for venting at least a portion of the gas of said jet.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 at least one of said two nozzle portions being movable along the axis of said gas jet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US83520A 1969-10-31 1970-10-23 Apparatus for generating a gas jet Expired - Lifetime US3692431A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691954851 DE1954851C3 (de) 1969-10-31 Plasmastrahlgenerator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3692431A true US3692431A (en) 1972-09-19

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Family Applications (1)

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US83520A Expired - Lifetime US3692431A (en) 1969-10-31 1970-10-23 Apparatus for generating a gas jet

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3692431A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5628229B1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2065621B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1326429A (fr)
SU (1) SU437320A3 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0178288A2 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-04-16 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Brûleur à plasma
DE3542431A1 (de) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-05 Plasma Energy Corp., Raleigh, N.C. Heizvorrichtung mit lichtbogen-plasmabrenner
US4800716A (en) * 1986-07-23 1989-01-31 Olin Corporation Efficiency arcjet thruster with controlled arc startup and steady state attachment
US5640843A (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-06-24 Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc. Et Al. Integrated arcjet having a heat exchanger and supersonic energy recovery chamber
US20030048054A1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2003-03-13 National Institute For Fusion Science Artificial solar wind generator
EP1993329A1 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-19 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Source de plasma
WO2011161251A1 (fr) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-29 Nci - Swissnanocoat Sa Dispositif pour la generation d'un jet de plasma
US20120148421A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2012-06-14 Graeme Huntley Ejector Pump

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2312709A (en) * 1996-04-30 1997-11-05 David Johnston Burns Flying craft with magnetic field/electric arc vertical thrust producing means
CN115683538B (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-14 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 一种基于等离子体激励的风洞沙尘环境模拟装置和方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1653954A (en) * 1925-05-14 1927-12-27 Friedmann Louis Exhaust-steam injector
US3140421A (en) * 1962-04-17 1964-07-07 Richard M Spongberg Multiphase thermal arc jet
US3282227A (en) * 1964-06-22 1966-11-01 Nielsen Mfg Co Adjustable venturi injector
US3308623A (en) * 1963-08-19 1967-03-14 Snecma Electro-thermic ejectors
US3359734A (en) * 1964-11-19 1967-12-26 Snecma Electrothermal propulsion unit of the electric arc type

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1653954A (en) * 1925-05-14 1927-12-27 Friedmann Louis Exhaust-steam injector
US3140421A (en) * 1962-04-17 1964-07-07 Richard M Spongberg Multiphase thermal arc jet
US3308623A (en) * 1963-08-19 1967-03-14 Snecma Electro-thermic ejectors
US3282227A (en) * 1964-06-22 1966-11-01 Nielsen Mfg Co Adjustable venturi injector
US3359734A (en) * 1964-11-19 1967-12-26 Snecma Electrothermal propulsion unit of the electric arc type

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0178288A2 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-04-16 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Brûleur à plasma
EP0178288A3 (en) * 1984-10-11 1988-08-03 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Plasma burner
DE3542431A1 (de) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-05 Plasma Energy Corp., Raleigh, N.C. Heizvorrichtung mit lichtbogen-plasmabrenner
FR2574165A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Plasma Energy Corp Appareil de chauffage a arc-plasma pour chauffer de grandes quantites d'air, notamment a des fins de sechage de materiaux bruts
US4800716A (en) * 1986-07-23 1989-01-31 Olin Corporation Efficiency arcjet thruster with controlled arc startup and steady state attachment
US5640843A (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-06-24 Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Inc. Et Al. Integrated arcjet having a heat exchanger and supersonic energy recovery chamber
US20030048054A1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2003-03-13 National Institute For Fusion Science Artificial solar wind generator
US20120148421A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2012-06-14 Graeme Huntley Ejector Pump
US8579596B2 (en) * 2005-02-07 2013-11-12 Edwards Limited Ejector pump
EP1993329A1 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-19 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Source de plasma
WO2008138504A1 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Source de plasma
US20100130911A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2010-05-27 Gregor Eugen Morfill Plasma source
US8926920B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2015-01-06 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Plasma source
WO2011161251A1 (fr) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-29 Nci - Swissnanocoat Sa Dispositif pour la generation d'un jet de plasma
FR2962004A1 (fr) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-30 Nci Swissnanocoat Dispositif pour la generation d'un jet de plasma

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1326429A (en) 1973-08-15
JPS5628229B1 (fr) 1981-06-30
FR2065621B1 (fr) 1975-02-21
DE1954851A1 (de) 1971-05-06
FR2065621A1 (fr) 1971-07-30
SU437320A3 (ru) 1974-07-25
DE1954851B2 (de) 1973-12-13

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