US3692089A - Process for controlling orifice size when extruding molten materials - Google Patents

Process for controlling orifice size when extruding molten materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3692089A
US3692089A US94720A US3692089DA US3692089A US 3692089 A US3692089 A US 3692089A US 94720 A US94720 A US 94720A US 3692089D A US3692089D A US 3692089DA US 3692089 A US3692089 A US 3692089A
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Prior art keywords
orifice
melt
molten
orifice size
materials
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Expired - Lifetime
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US94720A
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English (en)
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Wilbur Privott Jr
Michael R Sargent
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Monsanto Co
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Monsanto Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire

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  • ABSTRACT The size of the orifice in a process for extruding low viscosity melts is controlled by maintaining at a predetermined level the partial pressure of a gas which enters into chemical reaction with the molten material contained within the crucible assembly, the materials comprising the crucible assembly, and the impurities contained in the melt.
  • the Alber patent further states that certain metal oxide films are soluble in the molten metal stream and therefore are not suitable to prevent or retard stream disruptions due to surface tensions.
  • the patentees teach the addition to the melt of a small quantity of a second metal having an oxide not soluble in the stream.
  • a second metal having an oxide not soluble in the stream.
  • iron (or steel) has oxides which are soluble in the molten metal, but through the addition of a small quantity of aluminum, an insoluble aluminum oxide film may be formed about the stream to preclude continuity disruptions.
  • molten streams may also be stabilized by forming films other than oxides, such as, for example, nitride or carbon films.
  • the method claimed therein has the additional advantage of not requiring the presence of a second metal in those instances wherein the predominant metal has a soluble oxide.
  • stabilization techniques are not limited to metals but may be used in forming fibers fromother low viscosity materials such as metalloids, metal oxides, and salts.
  • Chemical reactions occurring during the extrusion process are largely responsible for the partial or complete plugging of the orifice with the precipitate products.
  • the reaction is generally believed to be a refractory metaloxygen-refractory metal oxide reaction.
  • certain refractory metal oxides such as alumina (A1 0 and beryllia (BeO) are often employed.
  • Aluminum itself is often used in small quantities as a second metal to stabilize a molten stream of steel. Reactions occur between these materials, the oxygen, and the carbon in the molten steel. A gas such as carbon monoxide is released and begins to accumulate above the melt.
  • Chrysoberyl is beryllium aluminate,(BeO A1 0 and generally is found in a mixed system where both alumina and beryllia parts contact the melt.
  • the present invention involves preventing undesirable changes in the size of an orificeor alternately controlling the size of the orifice while extruding a molten material contained in the crucible assembly through the orifice.
  • the partial pressure of a gas species which enters into the chemical reaction with the molten material contained within the crucible assembly, the materials comprising the crucible assembly, and the impurities contained in the melt is maintained at a predetermined level sufficient to thermodynamically equilibrate the chemical reaction.
  • a flow of inert gas is used to remove the carbon monoxide as it is formed thereby thermodynamically equilibrating the chemical reaction.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is the alteration of the size of the orifice during the extrusion process.
  • orifice size may be increased or decreased as desired.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-section of a typical spinning apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a graph depicting mass flow rate as a functionof extrusion time without an inert gas purge
  • FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the mass flow rate as the purge flow rate is varied
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the mass flow rate as a function of time for a constant inert gas purge.
  • the process may be conducted either as batch or continuous extrusion.
  • Batch extrusion is primarily the melting and extrusion of a single charge of steel as opposed to the continuous addition of charges in continuous extrusion.
  • oxygen level In batch extrusion, there is a general increase in the oxygen level as the process continues.
  • carbon monoxide There is also an increase in the amount of carbon monoxide in contact with and above the melt. It is believed that the following reactions take place in the melt:
  • MeO Me O -O C CO (2) where Me represents a metal such as aluminum, for example, and the underlined components represent components that are in solution.
  • MeO +C Me+C+O Me+CO 3 where MeO is the refractory oxide which under thermodynamically non-equilibrated conditions causing reaction (3) to proceed to the left may continually precipitate out of solution.
  • precipitation when it occurs generally is in the vicinity of the orifice.
  • the presence of undesired precipitate particles in the orifice may affect the stream flow patterns which in turn affects stabilization, ultimately culminating in an inferior fiber.
  • precipitate particles collect in the orifice until the orifice is filled or plugged, preventing stream flow.
  • reaction (3) may be kept thermodynamically equilibrating reaction (3).
  • precipitation may be significantly reduced or eliminated.
  • carbon and refractory metal concentrations in a single charge of molten steel are essentially constant.
  • the melt temperature and carbon monoxide pressure level are independent but interrelated variables.
  • the gas species for example, carbon monoxide
  • an inert gas argon
  • the orifice size was altered as desired. That is, reaction (3) proceeds to the left when the carbon monoxide level is greater than the value at which reaction (3) is equilibrated. Under these conditions, the metal oxide precipitates in or near the orifice.
  • purging is therefore employed generically to define selective controlling of the gas species formed by the reaction to provide the proper partial pressure of the gas species. Thus, the term purging is unrestricted by the manner in which the gas species is removed.
  • EXAMPLE I A steel charge having about 1 percent aluminum was melted in a beryllia crucible assembly and held at a temperature of about l,650 C. The melt was then extruded through a 195 micron orifice at about 20 PSI into an oxide forming atmosphere such as, for example, air, carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide. As Table 1 below illustrates the flow rate initially was about 63.4 gms/minute.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A steel charge having about 1 percent aluminum was melted in a beryllia crucible assembly and held at a temperature of about 1,605 C. The melt was then ex truded through a micron orifice at an initial flow rate of about 23.0 gms/minute into an oxide forming atmosphere. Argon was used to purge the carbon monoxide which formed above the melt. Table 2 depicts the various elapsed time intervals, rate of argon purge, and mass flow rates of the molten steel. The graph of FIG. 3 illustrates the mass flow rate for the various elapsed time intervals.
  • Example 2 demonstrates that the flow rate of the mo]- ten material may be controlled by the rate of purge. As seen in FIG. 3, the flow decreased steadily for an argon purge of approximately 800 cc/min. This indicates that precipitation was occurring in the orifice. When the argon purge was increased to a value much greater then 800 cc/min., erosion of the orifice began to take place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
US94720A 1970-12-03 1970-12-03 Process for controlling orifice size when extruding molten materials Expired - Lifetime US3692089A (en)

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US9472070A 1970-12-03 1970-12-03

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US3692089A true US3692089A (en) 1972-09-19

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US (1) US3692089A (show.php)
JP (1) JPS5429973B1 (show.php)
CA (1) CA949724A (show.php)
FR (1) FR2116500B1 (show.php)
GB (1) GB1378004A (show.php)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884289A (en) * 1972-06-22 1975-05-20 Monsanto Co Inviscid spinning of silicon steel
US6585151B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2003-07-01 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method for producing microporous objects with fiber, wire or foil core and microporous cellular objects
US20080047736A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2907082A (en) * 1956-02-06 1959-10-06 Marvaland Inc Production of continuous filaments of high vapor pressure metals
US2976590A (en) * 1959-02-02 1961-03-28 Marvalaud Inc Method of producing continuous metallic filaments
US3216076A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-11-09 Clevite Corp Extruding fibers having oxide skins

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2907082A (en) * 1956-02-06 1959-10-06 Marvaland Inc Production of continuous filaments of high vapor pressure metals
US2976590A (en) * 1959-02-02 1961-03-28 Marvalaud Inc Method of producing continuous metallic filaments
US3216076A (en) * 1962-04-30 1965-11-09 Clevite Corp Extruding fibers having oxide skins

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884289A (en) * 1972-06-22 1975-05-20 Monsanto Co Inviscid spinning of silicon steel
US3946794A (en) * 1972-06-22 1976-03-30 Monsanto Company Method for producing fine diameter wire from steel-titanium melts
US6585151B1 (en) 2000-05-23 2003-07-01 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Method for producing microporous objects with fiber, wire or foil core and microporous cellular objects
US20080047736A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire
US7626122B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2009-12-01 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire
US20100071931A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2010-03-25 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire with bulkheads
US8697998B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2014-04-15 David Levine Lightweight composite electrical wire with bulkheads

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2116500B1 (show.php) 1975-10-03
FR2116500A1 (show.php) 1972-07-13
GB1378004A (en) 1974-12-18
JPS5429973B1 (show.php) 1979-09-27
CA949724A (en) 1974-06-25

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