US3216076A - Extruding fibers having oxide skins - Google Patents
Extruding fibers having oxide skins Download PDFInfo
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- US3216076A US3216076A US191340A US19134062A US3216076A US 3216076 A US3216076 A US 3216076A US 191340 A US191340 A US 191340A US 19134062 A US19134062 A US 19134062A US 3216076 A US3216076 A US 3216076A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009474 hot melt extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire
Definitions
- Metal fibers and filaments are commonly formed by extruding a continuous stream of molten metal through a small orifice and impinging the stream on a rotating plate or chill block. While mention has been made of the production of filaments of virtually all non-refractory metals by means of hot melt extrusion, in actual practice only a small number of non-alloyed metals will yield a filament by this process.
- compatible non-refractory metal having an oxide which is substantially insoluble in the metal itself is suitable for purposes of this invention.
- a metal selected from a group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum and combinations thereof have been found to be particularly suitable.
- compatible non-refractory metal as used herein means a metal or combination of metals having the ability to form an alloy.
- Influencing factor-s may be 1) friction created by the surrounding media, (2) the surface tension of the liquid material, (3) the flow patern it had assumed on leaving the orifice.
- the surrounding media and flow pattern can be controlled, but the surface tension is always exerting a force towards a change of shape to a spherical condi tion. It has now been found that the surface tension can be lessened by the presence of an oxide film. The film gives the effect of a lubricant surrounding the liquid and containing it in its shape until the liquid solidifies.
- metal filaments by extruding molten metal through an orifice it is therefore necessary that the metal have the property of forming a stable oxide which adheres to the filament surface.
- small addition of an alloying metal which will produce the stable oxide must be added before a filament can be produced.
- the metal which will produce a stable oxide should be present in amounts in eX- oess of 0.5% by weight of the alloy.
- the upper limit on the quantity of metal which will produce a stable oxide is only determined by the physical characteristics desired in the finished fiber.
- the orifice size employed has an upper limit of about 20 mils in diameter. The minimum orifice size is determined by the strength of the crucible and the ability to drill an opening the diameter of which approaches minimum dimensions.
- Example I-An aluminum oxide crucible with a 0.002 orifice was charged with quantities of molten copper metal varying from amounts of two grams to seven grams.
- the molten stream of pure copper was found to break up prior to solidification. Initially the high ejection rates were thought to cause the stream to break up. A system was therefore devised so that pressure could be reduced once flow was initiated. This system provided a continuous distribution of ejection velocities. However, the stream of pure molten copper continued to break up prior to solidification.
- To increase the break up length 10 weight percent of aluminum was added to the copper, thereby forming an oxide skin when the jet came in contact with air.
- the oxide skin, formed on the alloy consisting of 10% aluminum and copper resulted in a stabilization of the jet and continuous fibers were produced.
- Example IIAn aluminum oxide crucible with a .005 inch orifice was charged with 31.78 grams of silver and .318 gram of aluminum. The charge was ejected at a temperature of 1000 C. at a pressure of 40 psi. The result was the formation of an oxide skin on the alloy consisting of 99% silver and 1% aluminum. The oxide skin increased the break up length of the melt and thereby allowed the formation of silver alloy filaments.
- Liquid jet theory predicts that at very high velocities the liquid issues from the orifice at high enough energy or inertia so as not to allow marked oscillations which characterize the lower speed regions. Instead, however, break up occurs because of two fluids inter-penetrating at the surface of the liquid jet. From observation of liquid jets the inter-penetration takes place not in the form of continuous diffusion but by the air or atmosphere forming bubbles within the liquid and the liquid erupting from the surface of the liquid jet. Once the penetration is established the bulk of the liquid jet rapidly disintegrates. Some of the whipping action is still present but the jet is disintegrated piece by piece by friction with air along its periphery. This is also aided by turbulence in the stream.
- a skin is formed along the periphery of the jet the interaction between the fluid and air will greatly be reduced. Larger forces are also necessary to collapse the cylindrical jet since the varicose elfect will be reduced. Adding elements which have the ability to form oxide skin therefore stabilizes the molten jets.
- the oxide skin may also act as nucleation sites and therefore prohibit homogeneous nucleation.
- oxide skins necessitates the ejection of the melt into the atmosphere or into an oxygen containing medium rather than into a vacuum.
- a vacuum would prevent the sinusoidal or whip-like motion caused by the backing up of the continuous stream due to air resistance. It has been demonstrated, however, that air resistance can be partially overcome. This is accomplished with jet air streams which counterbalance the air resistance and therefore aid in both the production of an oxide film and the elimination of sinusoidal or Whiplike motions.
- the method of producing fibers and filaments comprising: extruding a continuous stream of molten metal through an orifice, said metal being an alloy consisting essentially of a non-refractory first metal whose oxide is substantially soluble in the non-oxidized metallic mass, and of a compatible non-refractory second metal whose oxide is substantially insoluble in the molten mass, the second metal being present in an amount effective to provide an oxide skin on the first metal.
- said first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold,
- said second metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum and combinations thereof.
- the method of producing fibers and filaments comprising extruding a continuous stream of molten metal through an orifice, said metal being an alloy consisting essentially of a non-refractory first metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, iron, nickel, germanium, indium, cobalt, manganese and combinations thereof and of a compatible non-refractory second metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum, and combinations thereof, said second metal being present in an amount effective to provide an oxide skin on the first metal.
- a non-refractory first metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, iron, nickel, germanium, indium, cobalt, manganese and combinations thereof
- a compatible non-refractory second metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum, and combinations thereof, said second metal being present in an amount effective to provide an oxide skin on the first metal.
Description
Nov. 9, 1965 N. E. ALBER ETAL 3,216,076
EXTRUDING FIBERS HAVING OXIDE SKINS METAL OXIDE INSOLUBLE IN MATRIX METAL Filed April 30, 1962 MIXING METAL OXIDE SOLUBLE IN MATRIX METAL HEATING MOLTEN MASS EXTRUDING FIBER INVENTORS NORMAN E. ALBER AT .MITH BY WLERES ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,216,076 EXTRUDING FHBERS HAVING OXIDE SKINS Norman E. Alber, Willowick, and Walter E. Smith, Mayfield, Ohio, assigu'ors to Clevite Corporation, a corporation of Ohio Filed Apr. 30, 1962, Ser. No. 191,340 Claims. (Cl. 22-200-1) This invention relates to metal alloy fibers and filaments and more particularly to a method of producing such fibers and filaments.
Metal fibers and filaments are commonly formed by extruding a continuous stream of molten metal through a small orifice and impinging the stream on a rotating plate or chill block. While mention has been made of the production of filaments of virtually all non-refractory metals by means of hot melt extrusion, in actual practice only a small number of non-alloyed metals will yield a filament by this process.
Attempts to produce filaments from metals whose oxides are substantially soluble in the non-oxidized molten metal have resulted in the formation of small spheres or powder. To form a metal filament by direct casting the stream of molten metal must hold its shape or contour long enough to become solid. A metal which does not have the physical characteristics to achieve this prerequisite cannot produce a filament.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method for the production of metal filaments from metal compositions containing major portions of non-refractory metals whose oxides are substantially soluble in the molten metal itself.
It is another object of this invention to provide fibers and filaments of metal alloys containing as a major component a metal whose oxide is substantially soluble in the molten metal itself.
We have now discovered that it is possible to produce filaments from non-refractory metals whose oxides are substantially soluble in the non-oxidized molten metal by alloying therewith a minor percentage of a compatible metal whose oxide is substantially insoluble in the non-oxidized molten metal. Filaments may then be formed from the alloyed metal by a simple extrusion process which is not dependent on external cooling methods. While the process of this invention is suitable in general for non-refractory metals whose oxides are substantially soluble in the molten metal itself, the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, iron, nickel, germanium, indium, cobalt, manganese and combinations thereof have been found to be particularly suitable. Any compatible non-refractory metal having an oxide which is substantially insoluble in the metal itself is suitable for purposes of this invention. However, a metal selected from a group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum and combinations thereof have been found to be particularly suitable. It should be understood that the phrase compatible non-refractory metal as used herein means a metal or combination of metals having the ability to form an alloy.
In the art of filament formation by means of hot melt extrusion there are many factors which may influence the behavior of the melt after it leaves the orifice. Influencing factor-s may be 1) friction created by the surrounding media, (2) the surface tension of the liquid material, (3) the flow patern it had assumed on leaving the orifice. The surrounding media and flow pattern can be controlled, but the surface tension is always exerting a force towards a change of shape to a spherical condi tion. It has now been found that the surface tension can be lessened by the presence of an oxide film. The film gives the effect of a lubricant surrounding the liquid and containing it in its shape until the liquid solidifies. For
the formation of metal filaments by extruding molten metal through an orifice it is therefore necessary that the metal have the property of forming a stable oxide which adheres to the filament surface. In metals which do not have this property, small addition of an alloying metal which will produce the stable oxide must be added before a filament can be produced. The metal which will produce a stable oxide should be present in amounts in eX- oess of 0.5% by weight of the alloy. The upper limit on the quantity of metal which will produce a stable oxide is only determined by the physical characteristics desired in the finished fiber. The orifice size employed has an upper limit of about 20 mils in diameter. The minimum orifice size is determined by the strength of the crucible and the ability to drill an opening the diameter of which approaches minimum dimensions.
In the drawing there is shown a single figure diagrammatically illustrating the method of producing fibers in accordance with this invention.
The following examples are given for purposes of illustration and should not be considered as limiting the spirit or scope of the invention.
Example I-An aluminum oxide crucible with a 0.002 orifice was charged with quantities of molten copper metal varying from amounts of two grams to seven grams. The molten stream of pure copper was found to break up prior to solidification. Initially the high ejection rates were thought to cause the stream to break up. A system was therefore devised so that pressure could be reduced once flow was initiated. This system provided a continuous distribution of ejection velocities. However, the stream of pure molten copper continued to break up prior to solidification. To increase the break up length 10 weight percent of aluminum was added to the copper, thereby forming an oxide skin when the jet came in contact with air. The oxide skin, formed on the alloy consisting of 10% aluminum and copper, resulted in a stabilization of the jet and continuous fibers were produced.
Example IIAn aluminum oxide crucible with a .005 inch orifice was charged with 31.78 grams of silver and .318 gram of aluminum. The charge was ejected at a temperature of 1000 C. at a pressure of 40 psi. The result was the formation of an oxide skin on the alloy consisting of 99% silver and 1% aluminum. The oxide skin increased the break up length of the melt and thereby allowed the formation of silver alloy filaments.
While extrusion pressures and melt temperatures are important variable in the formation of a filament, it should be understood that adjustment of these variable to optimum conditions is within the ability of a skilled operator. The discussion of filament formation is therefore centered on the proper formation of a melt containing an oxide which is substantially insoluble in the molten metal itself.
Liquid jet theory predicts that at very high velocities the liquid issues from the orifice at high enough energy or inertia so as not to allow marked oscillations which characterize the lower speed regions. Instead, however, break up occurs because of two fluids inter-penetrating at the surface of the liquid jet. From observation of liquid jets the inter-penetration takes place not in the form of continuous diffusion but by the air or atmosphere forming bubbles within the liquid and the liquid erupting from the surface of the liquid jet. Once the penetration is established the bulk of the liquid jet rapidly disintegrates. Some of the whipping action is still present but the jet is disintegrated piece by piece by friction with air along its periphery. This is also aided by turbulence in the stream.
If a skin is formed along the periphery of the jet the interaction between the fluid and air will greatly be reduced. Larger forces are also necessary to collapse the cylindrical jet since the varicose elfect will be reduced. Adding elements which have the ability to form oxide skin therefore stabilizes the molten jets. The oxide skin may also act as nucleation sites and therefore prohibit homogeneous nucleation.
The formation of oxide skins necessitates the ejection of the melt into the atmosphere or into an oxygen containing medium rather than into a vacuum. Ideally a vacuum would prevent the sinusoidal or whip-like motion caused by the backing up of the continuous stream due to air resistance. It has been demonstrated, however, that air resistance can be partially overcome. This is accomplished with jet air streams which counterbalance the air resistance and therefore aid in both the production of an oxide film and the elimination of sinusoidal or Whiplike motions.
While there have been described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention, and it is, there fore, aimed in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall Within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What we claim is:
1. The method of producing fibers and filaments comprising: extruding a continuous stream of molten metal through an orifice, said metal being an alloy consisting essentially of a non-refractory first metal whose oxide is substantially soluble in the non-oxidized metallic mass, and of a compatible non-refractory second metal whose oxide is substantially insoluble in the molten mass, the second metal being present in an amount effective to provide an oxide skin on the first metal.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold,
platinum, iron, nickel, germanium, indium, cobalt, manganese and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said second metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said second metal is in excess of 0.5% by Weight of the alloy.
5. The method of producing fibers and filaments comprising extruding a continuous stream of molten metal through an orifice, said metal being an alloy consisting essentially of a non-refractory first metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, iron, nickel, germanium, indium, cobalt, manganese and combinations thereof and of a compatible non-refractory second metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, chromium, lanthanum, and combinations thereof, said second metal being present in an amount effective to provide an oxide skin on the first metal.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,304,258 12/42 Junghans 22200.1 2,609,598 9/52 Mason 171 2,731,343 1/56 Dunn 75-162 2,829,972 4/58 Klement 75-162 2,873,187 2/59 Dyrkacz et a1 75124 2,879,566 3/59 Pond 22200.1 2,944,890 7/60 Klement 75162 2,976,590 3/61 Pond 22200.1
J. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON, MARCUS U. LYONS,
Examiners.
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF PRODUCING FIBERS AND FILAMENTS COMPRISING: EXTRUDING A CONTINUOUS STREAM OF MOLTEN METAL THROUGH AN ORIFICE, SAID METAL BEING AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A NON-REFRACTORY FIRST METAL WHOSE OXIDE IS SUBSTANTIALLY SOLUBLE IN THE NON-OXIDIZED METALLIC MASS, AND OF A COMPATIBLE NON-REFRACTORY SECOND METAL WHOSE
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US191340A US3216076A (en) | 1962-04-30 | 1962-04-30 | Extruding fibers having oxide skins |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US191340A US3216076A (en) | 1962-04-30 | 1962-04-30 | Extruding fibers having oxide skins |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3216076A true US3216076A (en) | 1965-11-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US191340A Expired - Lifetime US3216076A (en) | 1962-04-30 | 1962-04-30 | Extruding fibers having oxide skins |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US3216076A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3685568A (en) * | 1971-03-01 | 1972-08-22 | United States Steel Corp | Method of quenching metal filament in froth |
| US3692089A (en) * | 1970-12-03 | 1972-09-19 | Monsanto Co | Process for controlling orifice size when extruding molten materials |
| US3720741A (en) * | 1969-10-03 | 1973-03-13 | Monsanto Co | Melt spinning process |
| US3853171A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-10 | Monsanto Co | Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys |
| US3854518A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-17 | Monsanto Co | Melt extrusion method for producing wire from steel alloys |
| US3854519A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-17 | Monsanto Co | Apparatus for starting extrusion of filaments from metallic melts |
| US3861452A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1975-01-21 | Establissements Michelin Raiso | Manufacture of thin, continuous steel wires |
| US3884289A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1975-05-20 | Monsanto Co | Inviscid spinning of silicon steel |
| US3889739A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1975-06-17 | Monsanto Co | Pressurized nitrogen to extrude molten steel-silicon alloy |
| US6585151B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2003-07-01 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method for producing microporous objects with fiber, wire or foil core and microporous cellular objects |
| CN113874137A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2021-12-31 | 马克思-普朗克科学促进协会 | Method for producing metal strands and device for producing metal strands |
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| US2609598A (en) * | 1947-09-27 | 1952-09-09 | Chrysler Corp | Method of forming a composite structure comprising a chromecontaining member |
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| US2976590A (en) * | 1959-02-02 | 1961-03-28 | Marvalaud Inc | Method of producing continuous metallic filaments |
-
1962
- 1962-04-30 US US191340A patent/US3216076A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2304258A (en) * | 1937-06-07 | 1942-12-08 | Rossi Irving | Method of treating metals and metal alloys during casting |
| US2609598A (en) * | 1947-09-27 | 1952-09-09 | Chrysler Corp | Method of forming a composite structure comprising a chromecontaining member |
| US2731343A (en) * | 1952-07-25 | 1956-01-17 | Edward J Dunn | Copper base alloy |
| US2879566A (en) * | 1956-02-16 | 1959-03-31 | Marvalaud Inc | Method of forming round metal filaments |
| US2829972A (en) * | 1956-10-05 | 1958-04-08 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze article for use in conducting steam or hot water |
| US2873187A (en) * | 1956-12-07 | 1959-02-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Austenitic alloys |
| US2944890A (en) * | 1958-01-22 | 1960-07-12 | Ampco Metal Inc | Aluminum bronze alloy having improved wear resistance by the addition of cobalt and chromium |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3720741A (en) * | 1969-10-03 | 1973-03-13 | Monsanto Co | Melt spinning process |
| US3692089A (en) * | 1970-12-03 | 1972-09-19 | Monsanto Co | Process for controlling orifice size when extruding molten materials |
| US3685568A (en) * | 1971-03-01 | 1972-08-22 | United States Steel Corp | Method of quenching metal filament in froth |
| US3861452A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1975-01-21 | Establissements Michelin Raiso | Manufacture of thin, continuous steel wires |
| US3946794A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1976-03-30 | Monsanto Company | Method for producing fine diameter wire from steel-titanium melts |
| US3884289A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1975-05-20 | Monsanto Co | Inviscid spinning of silicon steel |
| US3889739A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1975-06-17 | Monsanto Co | Pressurized nitrogen to extrude molten steel-silicon alloy |
| US3854519A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-17 | Monsanto Co | Apparatus for starting extrusion of filaments from metallic melts |
| US3854518A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-17 | Monsanto Co | Melt extrusion method for producing wire from steel alloys |
| US3853171A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-10 | Monsanto Co | Apparatus for producing wire from the melts of steel alloys |
| US6585151B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2003-07-01 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method for producing microporous objects with fiber, wire or foil core and microporous cellular objects |
| CN113874137A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2021-12-31 | 马克思-普朗克科学促进协会 | Method for producing metal strands and device for producing metal strands |
| US20220212252A1 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2022-07-07 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Method of producing metal strands and apparatus for producing metal strands |
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