US3688716A - Retaining means for initial thread ends and thread cutting device for double chainstitch sewing machines - Google Patents

Retaining means for initial thread ends and thread cutting device for double chainstitch sewing machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3688716A
US3688716A US125960A US3688716DA US3688716A US 3688716 A US3688716 A US 3688716A US 125960 A US125960 A US 125960A US 3688716D A US3688716D A US 3688716DA US 3688716 A US3688716 A US 3688716A
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United States
Prior art keywords
thread
looper
needle
clamping
plate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US125960A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Heimann
Horst Thiele
Horst Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kochs Adlernahmaschinenwerke AG
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Kochs Adlernahmaschinenwerke AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05B—SEWING
    • D05B65/00—Devices for severing the needle or lower thread
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05B—SEWING
    • D05B57/00—Loop takers, e.g. loopers
    • D05B57/02—Loop takers, e.g. loopers for chain-stitch sewing machines, e.g. oscillating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05B—SEWING
    • D05B73/00—Casings
    • D05B73/04—Lower casings
    • D05B73/12—Slides; Needle plates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05D—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES D05B AND D05C, RELATING TO SEWING, EMBROIDERING AND TUFTING
    • D05D2209/00—Use of special materials
    • D05D2209/14—Brushes

Definitions

  • a thread cutting device provided with said means, in connection with a double chainstitch sewing machine having a thread carrying looper which is moved along a substantially elliptical path encircling the needle and causes a cutting off of the needle thread and the looper thread below the workpiece after is formed.
  • the simplified means for retaining the initial thread end consists of a small brush which cooperates with the thread carrying looper and with a thread-guarding groove located in the rear face of the looper blade in certain positions of the looper.
  • This invention relates to means for retaining the initial thread ends depending from the eyes of the needle and the thread carrying looper of a double chainstitch sewing machine having a thread cutting device, said machine being provided with these retaining means.
  • the initial thread end depending from the needles eye, and the thread carrying looper must be of a sufficient length, in order to prevent unthreading of the threads during the first stitch of the needle.
  • the thread ends should not be too long, so as to draw the initial thread end of the needle thread safely downwards through the workpiece after the first stitch of the needle, in order to accomplish the demand for initial thread ends projecting from the material while having a length as short as possible.
  • the thread extending from the needles eye must be of such length that the thread end will not be drawn through the workpiece during the first penetration of the needle.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,371,633 discloses a thread withdrawing and cutting device for use with a double chainstitch sewing machine having a thread carrying looptaker hook operable in a composite movement about a pair of axes at a right angle to one another, for effecting both the needle loop seizing and casting off movements, as well as avoiding needle looptaker movements.
  • the shaft or spindle forming one of the oscillating axles of the looptaker operating mechanism is movably mounted and operably connected with the transmission or control device of the thread cutter.
  • the looptaker is displaced during a thread withdrawing and cutting operation from a normal sewing position in such a manner as to withdraw a sufficient length of looper and needle thread, while providing adequate space for the proper mounting of the cutting device.
  • a thread severing device for severing the looper and needle threads on double chainstitch sewing machines, in which is provided a thread seizing device or thread catcher which moves between the looper blade and the stitching plate, and cooperates with a cutting blade and a flat clamping spring, in order to seize and cut off the looper and needle threads in such a position that a proper stitch formation is guaranteed at the beginning of the next seam.
  • a thread seizing device or thread catcher which moves between the looper blade and the stitching plate, and cooperates with a cutting blade and a flat clamping spring, in order to seize and cut off the looper and needle threads in such a position that a proper stitch formation is guaranteed at the beginning of the next seam.
  • this known thread cutting device is provided with two additional thread pulling members for the looper and needle thread, both of which are usually operated together with the thread catcher when the cutting operation is started means of an electromagnet, in order to draw off an amount of thread from the thread supply, which amount is determined by the length of the path covered by the thread catcher while it is moving into its end position, and to procure a sufficient needle thread amount for a proper initial stitch formation prior to the beginning of the next seam.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide means, for use in double chain stitch sewing machines, which will prevent the eyes of the needle and the looper from withdrawing the relative short initial ends of the sewing threads at the beginning of a seam.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a thread cutting device, which is provided with means for preventing the eyes of the needle and the looper from withdrawing of the relative short initial ends, and which is suitable for using in a double chainstitch sewing machine having a thread carrying looper, which is moved along a substantially elliptical path encircling the needle.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device for double chainstitch sewing machines, for cutting the threads and causing all thread ends of a seam to be on the bottom face of a workpiece after forming the seam.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevation, showing a sewing machine frame with a double chainstitch sewing machine embodying the invention, and the driving motor;
  • FIG. 2 shows detail of FIG. 1 in on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 is a partial front elevational view of the sewing machine showing the thread cutting device
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the thread cutting device
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V-V of FIG. 3;.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG. 3; I
  • FIG. shows the thread-seizing cutting knives immediately prior to the cutting off of the threads, and the clamping means for the looper thread
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the looper, showing the positions of the threads after removal of the workpiece
  • FIG. 9 shows the position of the looper shortly after the first forward movement following the beginning of the sewing operation
  • FIG. 10 shows the clamping of the needle thread drawn through the workpiece after the first stitch of the needle
  • FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the looper and the needle according to FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 shows the beginning of the first thread interlocking after the commencement of the sewing operation and
  • FIG. 13 shows a part of a seam and the needle and looper thread ends positioned below the workpiece.
  • a sewing machine 2 supported in a frame 1 conventionally comprises a bedplate 3, a standard 4 and an overhanging arm 5 terminating in a head 6.
  • the driving of the sewing machine 2 is effected by means of a stop motor 7 via a belt 8 and a hand wheel 9, on which is arranged a position transmitter 10 cooperating with the motor 7.
  • the position transmitter 10 effects the stopping of the sewing machine 2, at which time the needle 12 is in top position.
  • a thread carrying double chainstitch looper 13 (FIGS. 3,4) cooperating with the needle 12, is disposed on a looper carrier 14, secured to a rocking shaft 15, which operates the looper 13 about a substantially ellipticalpath in synchronism with the needle 12.
  • a throat plate 17 Secured to the bedplate 3 is a throat plate 17 (FIGS. 3,5,7,11,12), which is provided, in the usual manner, with a longitudinal stitch hole 18, for the passage of the needle 12, and slots 19 for the passage of a feed dog 20 (FIG. 3).
  • the four motions of the feed dog 20 are obtained, in a not further described manner, by a driving shaft 21 and a feed shaft (not shown), which is driven by the latter.
  • the driving shaft 21 (FIG. 5) also drives the rotary thread cams 22 (FIGS. 4,7) which serve the purpose of withdrawing the looper thread 23 from the looper 13 when the latter is starting its return movement.
  • Two thread guiding forks 24 provided with eyes 25, are disposed on a shaft 26 (FIG.
  • the shaft 26 is pivoted in a block 27'secured to the looper housing 16. Clamped upon the shaft 26 in a recess of the block 27 is a lever 28, which carries an angled stop plate 29 engaging in a forked part 30.
  • Screwed to the looper housing 16 is a bearing block 31, adapted for swingably bearing a knife carrier 32.
  • a bearing block 31 adapted for swingably bearing a knife carrier 32.
  • the free ends of said guide levers 34 are clamped to a rod 35 pivoted in the knife carrier 32 and secured against axial displacement by means of adjusting rings 36.
  • a guide lever 38 provided with lugs 37, is rotatably received with its one end in a bearing eye 39 of the bearing block 31; the other end is pinjointed in a bearing 40 in the knife carrier 32, to which the lug 37 is secured against axial displacement in a not further shown manner.
  • a scissor-shaped thread cutter 42 Arranged upon an inclined plane 41 of the knife carrier 32 is a scissor-shaped thread cutter 42 consisting of a counterknife 43, a cutting blade 44 rotatably secured to the latter, a spring 45 and an eccentric screw 46.
  • the counterknife 42 terminating in a point-like projection 47 and formed with a cutting edge 48 (FIGS. 4,8), is secured to the knife carrier 32 by means of screw 49.
  • the cutting blade 44 movably connected with the counterknife 43 by means of a rivet 50, is formed with a nose 51 and a lateral arm 52, against which abuts the spring 45.
  • the other end of the spring 45 is secured to the counterknife 43 by means of a screw 49.
  • the nose 51 rests against the eccentric screw 46 under the tension of the spring 45.
  • the opening between the two knives 44, 43 is adjustable by means of said screw 46.
  • a double armed connecting lever 53 Pivoted about a lug 54 on the bearing block 31 is a double armed connecting lever 53.
  • One arm 56 of the lever 53 formed with a fork 55, embraces the projecting part of the rod 35, while the other offset arm 57 carries at its end a lug 58.
  • a lever 59 is hinged to the arm 57 by means of a lug 60.
  • the lever 59 is provided with an oblong hold 61.
  • a flange screw 62 extends therethrough and is inserted in an arm 63 of the bearing block 31.
  • the lever 59 is formed with a recess 64, in which can engage a circular disk 65, as shown in FIG. 2, when the sewing machine 2 is inserted in the frame 1.
  • the disk 65 is axially displaceably supported on an extension piece 66, which is disposed on the armature 67 of an electromagnet 68 secured to the frame 1 (FIG. 1).
  • the lever 59 is under the tension of a spring 69 engaging with an eye 70,
  • a double-armed lever 73 (FIGS. 3 to 6)
  • one arm of which is formed with a nose 75 for cooperation with a cam 76 fixedly clamped upon the driving shaft 21.
  • a forked piece 79 formed with a lug 80, to which a thread clamping carrier 81 is clampably secured.
  • Screwed to the thread clamping carrier 81 by means of a screw 82 is a needle thread clamping plate 83 having a recess 84 for the passage of the needle 12, and forwardly a clamping face 85.
  • the clamping face 85 of the thread clamping plate 83 is pressed under the tension of the spring 86 (FIG. 4) against the throat plate 17.
  • One end of the spring 86 engages in the forked piece 79, while the other end engages in a bore (not shown) of an adjusting screw 88 inserted in a lug 87.
  • a L-shaped arresting plate 89 is secured to the arm 74 of the lever 73 by means of screws 90 and formed with a cutout 91. At its end, the arresting plate 89 carries a screw bolt 92, which is screwably inserted therein and secured by a nut 93.
  • a notched plate 95 Pivoted about a bolt 94 vertically inserted in the bedplate 3, is a notched plate 95, which'is under the tension of a torsion spring 96 and serves to lock the arresting plate 89.
  • a spring plate 98 Below a part 97 angled about 45 toward the bottom, is bolted a spring plate 98, the free end of which projects from the part 97 and lies in the path of motion of the lug 58 carried by the offset arm 57.
  • the notched plate 95 touches with its angled part 99 behind the cutout 91 of the arresting plate 89.
  • a looper thread clamping lever 101 Pivoted on a bolt 100 horizontally disposed in the bedplate 3, is a looper thread clamping lever 101, one arm 102 of which is provided with a tongue 103, while the other arm 104 carries at its end a plastic or rubber bushing 105.
  • a movable angle plate 106 is bolted together with the arresting plate 89 (FIGS. 3 to 5 and 7) to the lever 28 by means of screws 107.
  • a looper thread clamping plate 108 To the angled side of the angle plate 106 is swingably secured a looper thread clamping plate 108 about a collar screw 109.
  • the looper thread clamping plate 108 is formed in front with a bearing surface 112, against which the looper thread 23 (FIG. 7) extending through an opening 1 13 in the angle plate 106, can rest.
  • the double chainstitch looper 13 has, in front, a thread guiding groove 114 and on the opposite side of the looper blade a thread guarding groove 115 (FIG. 8). Disposed in the path of motion of the looper 13 is a brush 116, the bristles 117 of which abut against the looper 13 during the forward motion of the latter, in the thread guarding groove 115 (FIGS. 4 and 8).
  • a stop member 117' Secured to the bearing block 31 (FIG. 4) by means of screws 118 is a stop member 117', the upper end of which lies in the path of motion of the arm 52 of the cutting blade 44.
  • the operation of the thread cutting device is as f0llows:
  • the needle 12 is caused by means of the stop motor 7, to automatically reach its top position.
  • the magnet 68 is energized by means of a contact in the motor 7 (not shown).
  • the lever 59 is drawn to the left by means of the disk 65 (FIG. 2), and the double armed lever 53 is moved thereby about the lug 54 (FIGS. 3,4), while the knife carrier 32, swingable about the shaft 33 and the lug 37, carries the thread cutter 42 to the stitch forming place, shown in FIG. 7.
  • the point 47 of the counterknife 43 arrives between the shank extending to the workpiece, and the shank of the needle thread loop located on the looper and extending to the needle. If now the thread cutter 42 is moved on, the lateral arm 52 of the cutting blade 44 will rest against the stop 117', so that the cutter is closed and the shank of the needle thread loop formed by the needle thread 119 and extending to the workpiece, as wellas the looper thread 23 are cut off. After this, the workpiece 120 can be removed with all thread ends located on its underface. After cutting off the threads 23, 119, the knife carrier 32 assisted by the spring 69, is returned into its initial position (FIG. 4).
  • the needle 12 pierces the workpiece 120, while the initial thread end depending from the eye of the needle 12, remains beneath the throat plate 17 when the needle moves into its top position.
  • the cam 76 is in active connection with the nose 75, the double armed lever 73 is moved against the tension of the torsion spring 77. Consequently the end of the needle thread 1 19 is seized by the clamping face of the thread clamping plate 83 and clamped between the latter and the part of the throat plate behind the needle, as shown in FIGS. and 11.
  • a thread carrying looper having a blade formed with a transverse eye for delivering thread from one side of said blade to the other side, a thread guiding groove in the front face of said blade and ending in said eye, the rear face of said blade having a thread guarding groove, means for operating said looper along a substantially elliptical path encircling said needle, a looper thread take-up mechanism, means for preventing said eye from withdrawing a relatively short initial end of said looper thread by said looper thread take-up mechanism after a renewed beginning of sewing, said means including a looper thread clamping means located between said looper and said looper thread take-up mechanism, and a brush cooperating with said rear face of said looper blade for guiding said initial end of said looper thread depending from said looper eye into said thread guarding groove during the first forward motion of said looper after a renewed beginning of sewing.
  • a thread carrying oscillating looper having a blade formed with a transverse eye for delivering thread from one side of said blade to the other side of a thread-guiding groove in the front face of said blade and ending in said eye and a threadguarding groove in the rear face of said blade, means for operating said looper along a substantially elliptical path encircling said needle, and a looper thread takeup mechanism, a thread cutting means for cutting said looper thread and the shank of the needle thread loop extending to the workpiece below said throat plate, comprising thread catching and cutting means, means for actuating said thread catching and cutting means in dependence of the position of said needle, looper thread clamping means being effective during the cutting process and ineffective after beginning a new seam and prior to the beginning of the second stitch of said needle, for preventing said looper eye from withdrawing said looper thread by said looper thread take-up mechanism, means for clamp
  • said thread cutting device further comprises a knife carrier carrying said catching and cutting means, said means consisting of a fixed counterknife having a cutting edge and a point-like projection, a movable cutting blade cooperating with said counterknife and formed with a lateral arm, a spring for holding said knives in an opened position, guide levers to hinge said knife carrier to said looper housing, a'stop means situated in the path of motion of said lateral arm for actu ating said cutting blade after diverting said knife carrier in the direction of said looper in workpiece, and to separate and out said threads extending to the workpiece,and a lever arrangement connected with said actuating means and said knife carrier, for controlling said clamping means in dependence of the position of said thread catching and cutting means.
  • said means for clamping the initial end of said needle thread below said throat plate after forming the first stitch comprises a thread clamping plate cooperating with a part of said throat plate, said part being behind said needle, means for moving said thread clamping plate from said position in front of said needle into said position behind said needle during the exit of said needle from said throat plate after forming the first stitch in order to engage and clamp said initial end of said needle thread between said thread clamping plate and said part of said throat plate, and means for holding said thread clamping plate in said position behind said needle during the sewing operation of said chainstitch sewing machine.
  • said looper thread take-up mechanism comprises two driven slotted rotary thread earns, a cast-off blade situated between said rotary thread earns, a thread guiding fork, a lever connected with said thread guiding fork for deflecting said fork, and having a stop plate for arresting said lever in the operating position
  • said looper thread clamping means including an angle plate carried by said lever and having an opening for the passage of said looper thread, a looper thread clamping plate formed with a bearing surface for said looper thread and pivoted about a collar screw secured to said angle plate, and further formed with a clearance, a pin within said clearance secured to said angle plate for limiting the rotary motion of said clamping plate, a pivoted tooper thread clamping lever having a first arm carrying a rubber bushing for clamping said looper thread between said bearing surface and said first arm, a second arm formed witha tongue for actuating said looper thread clamping lever by said actuating means, and a spring for holding said looper thread clamping
  • said means for clamping the initial end of said needle thread below said throat plate after forming the first stitch comprises a double armed lever pivoted to said sewing machine and formed with a nose, a forked piece linked to one arm of said double armed lever and formed with a lug, a thread clamping plate carried by said thread clamping carrier and having a cutout for forming a clamping face cooperating with a part of said throat plate, said part being behind said needle, a torsion spring between said arm of said double armed lever and said forked piece for pressing said clamping face of said needle thread clamping plate against said throat plate, a spring bearing upon said double armed lever in order to move said clamping face of said clamping plate into a position in front of said needle after accomplishing the cutting operation, a rotary driven cam cooperating said said nose of said doublearmed lever for moving said clamping face from said position in front of said needle into said position behind said needle during the exit of said needle out of said throat plate after forming the first stitch for engaging and clamping
  • said means for actuating said thread catching and cutting means comprises a stop motor for driving said sewing machine and moving said needle into an upper dead position after terminating the sewing operation, an electromagnet controlable after terminating the sewing operation and when said needle is in said upper dead position, for driving said catching and cutting means, said actuating means for said looper thread clamping means and said device for clamping the initial end of said needle thread including connecting means between said electromagnet driving said catching and cut in eans, said er threa clam in eans and said d i ce for clampin g the init ial end ofis id needle thread, arresting means for said looper thread clamping means and said means for clamping said needle thread, said arresting means being effective during sewing of sewing machine, and unlocking means cooperating with said arresting means for eliminating the arrest when operating said thread catching and cutting means.
  • said arresting means for holding said clamping face in said position behind said needle during the sewing operation of said chainstitch sewing machine, said unlocking means cooperating with said actuating means for said thread catching and cutting means for eliminating the arrest when operating said thread catching and cutting means
  • said arresting plate secured to the other arm of said double-armed lever and having a cutout with a bearing edge, a notched plate pivoted to said sewing machine and having an angled edge cooperating with said bearing edge of said arresting plate, and a downwardly angled part, a spring plate secured to the underface of said downwardly angled part of said notched plate, a spring for bearing said notched plate against said bearing edge of said arresting plate, a double armed connecting lever, one arm of which being connected with said actuating means for said thread catching and cutting means, a lug secured to the other arm of said double-armed connecting lever and cooperating with said spring plate, said looper thread clamping means including a pivoted looper thread clamping lever having a first arm

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
US125960A 1970-03-21 1971-03-19 Retaining means for initial thread ends and thread cutting device for double chainstitch sewing machines Expired - Lifetime US3688716A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2013581A DE2013581B2 (de) 1970-03-21 1970-03-21 Fadenabschneidvorrichtung an Doppelkettenstichnähmaschinen
US12596071A 1971-03-19 1971-03-19

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867892A (en) * 1974-05-09 1975-02-25 Singer Co Underbed thread trimmer for chainstitch sewing machines
US3967568A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-07-06 Union Special Corporation Thread cutter for blindstitch sewing machine
US4879960A (en) * 1988-07-22 1989-11-14 Kansai Special Usa Corp. Thread trimmer system for in-line chain stitch sewing machine
US5447108A (en) * 1993-09-29 1995-09-05 Amf Reece, Inc. Snap action thread and gimp trimming on a buttonhole machine
CN112689693A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2021-04-20 株式会社Ｔｉｓｍ 能够缝制线材的缝纫机及对线材的缝出进行控制的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2880406B2 (ja) * 1994-06-29 1999-04-12 ジューキ株式会社 ミシンの下糸端保持装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1816308A (en) * 1929-10-19 1931-07-28 Singer Mfg Co Thread-cutting mechanism for sewing machines
US1883654A (en) * 1927-05-18 1932-10-18 Union Special Machine Co Thread cutter for sewing machines
US2334569A (en) * 1940-06-28 1943-11-16 United Corp Of Massachusetts Button or the like sewing machine
US3354852A (en) * 1964-04-24 1967-11-28 Bonds Wear Pty Ltd Double lock stitch sewing machines
US3371633A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-03-05 Pfaff Ag G M Thread cutting device for sewing machines
US3424117A (en) * 1965-05-08 1969-01-28 Union Special Maschinenfab Thread severing device for severing the looper and needle threads on double chain stitch sewing machines
US3425370A (en) * 1966-10-20 1969-02-04 Glenn A Starnes Cutting and doffing means for hosiery loopers
US3599588A (en) * 1969-04-26 1971-08-17 Pfaff Ag G M Thread-carrying looptaker for chain stitch sewing machines with thread catcher and clamping device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883654A (en) * 1927-05-18 1932-10-18 Union Special Machine Co Thread cutter for sewing machines
US1816308A (en) * 1929-10-19 1931-07-28 Singer Mfg Co Thread-cutting mechanism for sewing machines
US2334569A (en) * 1940-06-28 1943-11-16 United Corp Of Massachusetts Button or the like sewing machine
US3354852A (en) * 1964-04-24 1967-11-28 Bonds Wear Pty Ltd Double lock stitch sewing machines
US3371633A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-03-05 Pfaff Ag G M Thread cutting device for sewing machines
US3424117A (en) * 1965-05-08 1969-01-28 Union Special Maschinenfab Thread severing device for severing the looper and needle threads on double chain stitch sewing machines
US3425370A (en) * 1966-10-20 1969-02-04 Glenn A Starnes Cutting and doffing means for hosiery loopers
US3599588A (en) * 1969-04-26 1971-08-17 Pfaff Ag G M Thread-carrying looptaker for chain stitch sewing machines with thread catcher and clamping device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867892A (en) * 1974-05-09 1975-02-25 Singer Co Underbed thread trimmer for chainstitch sewing machines
US3967568A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-07-06 Union Special Corporation Thread cutter for blindstitch sewing machine
US4879960A (en) * 1988-07-22 1989-11-14 Kansai Special Usa Corp. Thread trimmer system for in-line chain stitch sewing machine
US5447108A (en) * 1993-09-29 1995-09-05 Amf Reece, Inc. Snap action thread and gimp trimming on a buttonhole machine
CN112689693A (zh) * 2018-09-11 2021-04-20 株式会社Ｔｉｓｍ 能够缝制线材的缝纫机及对线材的缝出进行控制的方法

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DE2013581C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-15
DE2013581A1 (de) 1971-09-30
DE2013581B2 (de) 1974-09-26

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