US3688512A - Cold-gas refrigerator, displacer seal to reduce frozen contaminants - Google Patents

Cold-gas refrigerator, displacer seal to reduce frozen contaminants Download PDF

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Publication number
US3688512A
US3688512A US100662A US3688512DA US3688512A US 3688512 A US3688512 A US 3688512A US 100662 A US100662 A US 100662A US 3688512D A US3688512D A US 3688512DA US 3688512 A US3688512 A US 3688512A
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United States
Prior art keywords
space
displacer
gap
duct
cylinder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US100662A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gijsbert Prast
Hendrik Jan Rauwerdink
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • a cold-gas machine includes first and second pistons for varying the volumes of a cold and a warm space; Jan. 2, 1970 Netherlands ..7000001 the first iston has a Seal and a duct which commu P nicates with a buffer space, the latter communicating CCll via a duct with the warm Space, debouching at a place [58] Fie'ld 62/6 situated between the axial boundaries of said seal. A nomretum valve Opens in the direction of the warm space is incorporated in this duct.
  • the invention relates to a cold-gas machine, in particular a cold-gas refrigerator, comprising at least one cylinder having two pistons reciprocating therein for varying the volumes of a space having, in operation, a higher average temperature, and at least one space having, in operation, a lower average temperature. These spaces communicate with each other via a heat exchanger, preferably a regenerator, and at least the piston, which varies the volume of the lower tempera ture space further comprising a seal.
  • Cold-gas machines of the type to which the present invention relates are known and are formed by cold-gas engines and cold-gas refrigerators.
  • the piston members move in such manner, that in the case of a cold-gas refrigerator, a working medium is compressed at a higher temperature when it is mainly in the higher temperature compression space, is then transported, via the regenerator in which the working medium cools, to an expansion space which is at a lower temperature, and expanded when it is mainly in said expansion space.
  • Machines of the present type may be constructed as machines of the displacer type or as machines of the two-piston type.
  • the piston which bounds said space is usually formed by a base portion which, on its side facing said space comprises, an insulating cap.
  • the gap width is chosen to be small.
  • the base portion of the relative piston comprises a seal. This seal may be formed, for example, by a ribbon of a synthetic resin secured to the base portion. Other seals, for example, piston rings or O-rings, may also be used. However, this sea] never is complete, so that some reciprocating flow of medium in the gap between the cylinder and the piston-like member can always occur.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,303,658 describes a refrigerator machine of the type in which a displacer, movable in a cylinder, separates a cold space from a warm space, which spaces communicate with each other through a regenerator; also the warm space is made to communicate alternately with an inlet for high-pressure medium and an outlet for low-pressure medium.
  • the seal of the gap between the displacer and the cylinder in this type of machine is formed by two 0- rings; in order to prevent pollution of the gap, the space between the two O-rings is in constant open communication with the outlet in which a low pressure prevails.
  • the cold-gas machine according to the invention is characterized in that at a location between the axial boundaries of the seal on the wall of the cylinder or relative piston, a duct debouches which communicates with a buffer space which communicates, via a duct, with the space having, in operation, the higher average temperature and in which duct a non-return valve is incorporated which opens in the direction of said space.
  • the valve Since the buffer space communicates, via non-return valve, with the space having the higher average temperature, the valve will open as soon as the pressure therein becomes higher than that in the last-mentioned space, and the buffer space will empty in said higher temperature space.
  • the pressure in the compression and expansion spaces becomes higher than that in the buffer space, medium will flow to the buffer space along the seal.
  • substantially no deposit of contaminations in the gap will take place, so that the machine will still provide its optimum output also after a longer period of operation.
  • a further favorable embodiment of the cold-gas machine according to the invention comprises another non-return valve in the duct debouching on the wall of the cylinder or piston, which valve opens in the direction of the buffer space.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a cold-gas refrigerator of the displacer type
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show two other constructions of the displacer seal used in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows a cold-gas refrigerator of the two-piston type.
  • FIG. 1 denotes a cylinder.
  • a piston 2 and a displacer 3 which are connected to a driving mechanism (not shown) by a piston rod 4 and a displacer rod 5, respectively, reciprocate in said the cylinder.
  • the displacer 3 consists of a base portion 6, a part '7 in which a regenerator 8 is incorporated and an insulating cap 9.
  • a compression space 10 is present in which a cooler l I is accommodated.
  • the compression space 10 communicates with the expansion space via ducts 12 in the base portion 6 of the displacer, the regenerator 8, bores 13in the wall of the displacer part 7 and gap 14.
  • the gap 14 continues downwards up to base portion 6 which comprises a ribbon 16 of a synthetic resin which ensures the seal between the portion 6 and the cylinder 1.
  • the base portion 6 furthermore comprises an annular groove 17, with which a duct 18 communicates, which communicates with a buffer space 19.
  • the buffer space 19 communicates, via a duct 20, with the compression space 10.
  • a non-return valve 21 which opens in the direction of the compression space is incorporated in the duct 20.
  • the operation of the refrigerator may be assumed to be known.
  • transport of medium takes place from the compression space 10 to the expansion space 15, and conversely.
  • the medium flows for the greater part through ducts I2, regenerator 8 and gap 14.
  • the seal 16 When medium flows to the compression space this presents no difficulties.
  • contaminations present in the medium When on the contrary medium flows from the compression space along the seal 16 into the gap 14, contaminations present in the medium will freeze out on the cold walls of the gap, which in the long run will give rise to a decrease of the cold production.
  • the groove 17, duct 18, buffer space 19 and duct 26 have been incorporated.
  • the pressure in the buffer space 19 is lower than in the compression and expansion spaces, medium from gap 14 and from compression space 10 can flow to the buffer space 19 via seal 16. If, however, the pressure in the space 19 becomes higher then that in the compression space 10, the valve 21 will open after which medium flows from the buffer space 19 via duct to the compression space 10.
  • the pressure in groove 17 at that instant will also be higher than that in the gap 14 and compression space 20, so that the possibility exists that a small flow of medium also occurs to gap 14 and compression space 10 along the seal. However, this flow will only be small so that the quantity of contaminations occurring in gap 14 will only be small and will not give rise to difficulties.
  • suitable choice of the volume of the buffer space 19 it is possible to avoid this return flow of medium along the seal substantially entirely. In this manner it is prevented in a very simple manner and while maintaining the closed medium circuit, that contaminations deposit in the gap 14.
  • FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows how the groove 17, duct 1.8, buffer space 19 and duct 20 are arranged outside the displacer instead of in the displacer.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment which in general corresponds to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but in which a further non-return valve is incorporated in duct 18 and opens in the direction of the buffer space 19.
  • a further non-return valve is incorporated in duct 18 and opens in the direction of the buffer space 19.
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows a cold-gas refrigerator of the two-piston type.
  • two pistons 42 and 43 which are connected to a driving mechanism (not shown) via piston rods 44 and 45 are incorporated in a cylinder.
  • the piston 42 bounds with its one end a compression space 46 which, via a cooler 47, regenerator 48 and a freezer 49, communicates with an expansion space 50 which is at a low tempera ture.
  • the piston 43 is constructed from a base portion 51 and an insulating cap 52.
  • working space constituted by compression space 46 and expansion space 50 plus the intermediately iocated connection, working medium under a given average pressure is present.
  • buffer spaces 53 and 54 are present which are at such an average pressure that the forces acting on the piston are compensated.
  • the base portion 51 of the piston 43 comprises a seal 55.
  • the cylinder wall comprises a groove 57 which communicates with the compression space 46 via duct 58, buffer space 59 and duct 60 having a non-return valve 61 incorporated therein. In this manner, as also in the constructions according to the preceding figures, one can prevent the deposit of contaminations in the gap 56.
  • a cold-gas refrigerator including a piston and a displacer reciprocally movable within the bore of a cylinder for defining variable volume compression and expansion spaces for operation at relatively higher and lower temperatures respectively, said spaces being in communication with each other via a regenerator situated between them, said displacer having axially spaced base and displacer portions, the base portion having an outer surface adjacent the cyiinders bore with an annular space defined between said outer surface and said bore, the displacer portion having an outer surface adjacent the cylinders bore with an annular gap defined therebetween, and seal means in said annular space for axially separating said gap and expansion space from said compression space, the improvement in combination therewith comprising means for reducing the formation of frozen contaminants in said gap and surfaces defining said gap, the displacer defining therein a buffer space with a first duct communicating said buffer space with said annular space, and a second duct communicating said buffer space with said compression space, said means for reducing contaminants further comprising a one-way valve situated in said second duct and
  • a cold-gas refrigerator including a piston and a displacer reciprocally movable within the bore of a cylinder for defining variable volume compression and expansion spaces for operation at relatively higher and lower temperature respectively, said spaces being in communication with each other through a regenerator, said displacer having axially spaced base and displacer portions, the base portion having an outer surface adjacent the cylinders bore with an annular space defined therebetween, the displacer portion having an outer surface adjacent the cylinders bore with an annular gap defined therebetween, and seal means in said annular space for axially separating said gap and expansion space from said compression space, the improvement in combination therewith comprising means for reducing the formation of frozen contaminants in said gap and surfaces defining said gap, the displacer defining therein a buffer space with a first duct communicating said buffer space with said annular space, and a second duct communicating said buffer space with said compression space, said means for reducing contaminants further comprising a one-way valve situated in said second duct and opening only toward said compression space.
  • a cold-gas refrigerator including a piston and a displacer reciprocally movable within the bore of a cylinder for defining variable volume compression and expansion spaces for operation at relatively higher and lower temperature respectively, said spaces being in communication with each other through a regenerator, said displacer having axially spaced base and displacer portions, the base portion having an outer surface adjacent the cylinder's bore with an annular space defined therebetween the displacer portion having an outer surface adjacent the cylinders bore with an annular gap defined therebetween, and seal means in said annular space for axially separating said gap and expansion space from said compression space, the improvement in combination therewith of means for reducing the formation of frozen contaminants in said gap and surfaces defining said gap, comprising duct means external of said cylinder communicating said compression, higher-temperature space with said annular space, a buffer space being defined in said duct, and a oneway valve situated in the duct means intermediate the compression space and buffer space and opening only toward the compression space.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 further comprising a second one-way valve situated in said duct means intermediate said buffer space and said annular space, and opening only toward the buffer space.
  • regenerator is situated fixedly in the cylinder bore between the piston and displacer.
  • regenerator is situated fixedly in the cylinder bore between the piston and dispenser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
US100662A 1970-01-02 1970-12-22 Cold-gas refrigerator, displacer seal to reduce frozen contaminants Expired - Lifetime US3688512A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7000001A NL7000001A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-02 1970-01-02

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US3688512A true US3688512A (en) 1972-09-05

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US100662A Expired - Lifetime US3688512A (en) 1970-01-02 1970-12-22 Cold-gas refrigerator, displacer seal to reduce frozen contaminants

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US (1) US3688512A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4918299B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA919927A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH524795A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2061073C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2075113A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1335855A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7000001A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE359160B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807904A (en) * 1971-03-05 1974-04-30 M Schuman Oscillating piston apparatus
US3848877A (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-11-19 United Stirling Ab & Co Seal for piston rod of stirling engine
US4019336A (en) * 1973-09-11 1977-04-26 U.S. Philips Corporation Refrigerator
US4553398A (en) * 1984-02-03 1985-11-19 Helix Technology Corporation Linear motor compressor with pressure stabilization ports for use in refrigeration systems
US4633668A (en) * 1984-04-30 1987-01-06 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Two piston V-type Stirling engine
US4774808A (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-10-04 Otters John L Displacer arrangement for external combustion engines
EP0335643A3 (en) * 1988-03-28 1991-01-02 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gas refrigerator
DE19502190A1 (de) * 1995-01-25 1996-08-01 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wärme- und Kältemaschine
US20060042272A1 (en) * 2002-06-29 2006-03-02 Holger Dietz Refrigerator comprising a regenerator
RU2337280C1 (ru) * 2007-05-11 2008-10-27 Военный инженерно-технический университет Микроохладитель
US20190145392A1 (en) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-16 Caterpillar Inc. Cryogenic pump

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8307036D0 (en) * 1983-03-15 1983-04-20 Interox Chemicals Ltd Peroxygen compounds
US4711650A (en) * 1986-09-04 1987-12-08 Raytheon Company Seal-less cryogenic expander
JPH0631615B2 (ja) * 1986-12-16 1994-04-27 三菱電機株式会社 ガス圧縮機
US5092130A (en) * 1988-11-09 1992-03-03 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-stage cold accumulation type refrigerator and cooling device including the same
DE3936914C2 (de) * 1988-11-09 1996-06-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Mehrstufige Gaskältemaschine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982088A (en) * 1956-10-09 1961-05-02 Philips Corp Gas leakage prevention means for hot gas reciprocating apparatus
US3145629A (en) * 1960-12-13 1964-08-25 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic pump sealing rings
US3303658A (en) * 1965-10-23 1967-02-14 Little Inc A Vented seal for air refrigerator
US3355882A (en) * 1965-01-20 1967-12-05 Philips Corp Leakage prevention arrangment for hot-gas reciprocating apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982088A (en) * 1956-10-09 1961-05-02 Philips Corp Gas leakage prevention means for hot gas reciprocating apparatus
US3145629A (en) * 1960-12-13 1964-08-25 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic pump sealing rings
US3355882A (en) * 1965-01-20 1967-12-05 Philips Corp Leakage prevention arrangment for hot-gas reciprocating apparatus
US3303658A (en) * 1965-10-23 1967-02-14 Little Inc A Vented seal for air refrigerator

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3807904A (en) * 1971-03-05 1974-04-30 M Schuman Oscillating piston apparatus
US3848877A (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-11-19 United Stirling Ab & Co Seal for piston rod of stirling engine
US4019336A (en) * 1973-09-11 1977-04-26 U.S. Philips Corporation Refrigerator
US4553398A (en) * 1984-02-03 1985-11-19 Helix Technology Corporation Linear motor compressor with pressure stabilization ports for use in refrigeration systems
US4633668A (en) * 1984-04-30 1987-01-06 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Two piston V-type Stirling engine
US4774808A (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-10-04 Otters John L Displacer arrangement for external combustion engines
EP0335643A3 (en) * 1988-03-28 1991-01-02 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gas refrigerator
DE19502190A1 (de) * 1995-01-25 1996-08-01 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wärme- und Kältemaschine
DE19502190C2 (de) * 1995-01-25 1998-03-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wärme- und Kältemaschine
US6029449A (en) * 1995-01-25 2000-02-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heat and cold-generating machine
US20060042272A1 (en) * 2002-06-29 2006-03-02 Holger Dietz Refrigerator comprising a regenerator
US7213399B2 (en) * 2002-06-29 2007-05-08 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Refrigerator comprising a regenerator
RU2337280C1 (ru) * 2007-05-11 2008-10-27 Военный инженерно-технический университет Микроохладитель
US20190145392A1 (en) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-16 Caterpillar Inc. Cryogenic pump
US10774820B2 (en) * 2017-11-13 2020-09-15 Caterpillar Inc. Cryogenic pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2061073C3 (de) 1980-01-03
DE2061073A1 (de) 1971-07-08
GB1335855A (en) 1973-10-31
FR2075113A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-08
CH524795A (de) 1972-06-30
CA919927A (en) 1973-01-30
SE359160B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-20
DE2061073B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-05-03
NL7000001A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-06
JPS4918299B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-09

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