US3687635A - Autoclave device - Google Patents

Autoclave device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3687635A
US3687635A US63498A US3687635DA US3687635A US 3687635 A US3687635 A US 3687635A US 63498 A US63498 A US 63498A US 3687635D A US3687635D A US 3687635DA US 3687635 A US3687635 A US 3687635A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
chambers
autoclave
pressure
steam
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Expired - Lifetime
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US63498A
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English (en)
Inventor
Endel Wijard
Jan Odsvall
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Electrolux AB
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Electrolux AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/187—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor inclined at an angle to the horizontal or to the vertical plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor

Definitions

  • Such green agglomerate bodies could not, however, be handled or transported for further industrial processes 'without after-treatment.
  • This after-treatment relates to a hardening of the agglomerate and can take place via drying, firing and sintering, storing during moist conditions or hydrothermal treatment, all dependent on the binder admixed in the primary mixture.
  • Hydrothermal treatment i.e. a treatment with 'water vapour at high pressure and temperature has been suggested where hydraulic binders, such as cement, lime or slags are intended to be used for the after-hardening of the briquettes or the green balls.
  • Autoclaves are used to carry out hydrothermal treatmenti.e. cylindrical pressure chambers usually provided with suitably shaped closures at one or both of the end walls.
  • the known autoclave process occurs in batches whereby complete pressure equalization to ambient atmospheric pressure ought to take place before the hardened product can be conveyed further for continued treatment in another pressure chamber, and in a possible other treating milieu.
  • a transferring of the hardening product from the one autoclave or autoclave part to another during prevailing overpressure conditions would bring about such substantial advantages as higher production per time unit,
  • the present invention relates to an autoclave device with which said essential improvements can be achieved and the present drawbacks in known constructions can be avoided.
  • the essential feature of the invention is chiefly that the axisymmetric shaped pressure chembers have their axes arranged in angular relationship to each other and to the horizontal plane, and are built together to form a unit so that the bodies, after treatment in an upper chamber, can descend by gravity to a lower chamber for continued treatment in the same unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical projection of a simple embodiment having two pressure chambers whereby the longitudinal axis of one chamber is to be seen in the plane of the drawing.
  • FIG. 2 shows the device illustrated in FIG. 1 as seen from the left in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a device having four pressure chambers.
  • FIG. 4 shows a vertical projection of the same device as in FIG. 3, but with the longitudinal axes of the two upper pressure chambers to be seen in a vertical plane, at right angles to the plane of the drawing.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a device having four chambers whereby certain parts are cut away so that the insides will be seen.
  • FIG. 6 shows a coupling diagram of the ducts to and from the chambers.
  • a pressure vessel is formed having two chambers a, b, in the form of truncated cones. Said chembers are joined together where their bases lie adjacent to each other by means of a connecting part e, so that the shell of the device constitutes a unit.
  • the longitudinal axes of said chambers form equal, circa 30 angles with the horizontal plane. This is made possible in that the longitudinal axis of one chamber forms an angle with the vertical plane which contains the longitudinal axis of the other chamber.
  • the angles of inclination and the conicity of the chambers create angles of repose for the bodies which are treated in said chamber.
  • the agglomerate material bodies which are to be steam treated in the device are introduced into the upper end of the upper chamber a [whose end Wall is formed as a closure 1 which can be opened and closed by means of a hydraulic cylinder g.
  • the lower, narrow end of the bottom chamber also forms an end wall closure h which can be operated in a similar way.
  • the pressure vessel can be supported by a stand k.
  • the autoclave device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is unsymmetricallly built.
  • a symmetric device having greater capacity can be obtained by building together two such devices into one unit, such as the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 to where devices are also drawn in for steam supply and exhaust, as well as for condensation draining off.
  • the construction of the device shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 comprises essentially four monolithically built together, cylindrical or conical pressure vessels A, B, C and D arranged with three dimensional axes so that the longitudinal axes of the two upper vessels A and C incline at circa 30 angles to the horizontal plane and internally form a 120 angle, and that the longitudinal axes of the lower pressure vessels B and D incline circa 30" to the horizontal plane and that the internal complement of the angle of the axes thereby again becomes circa 120.
  • the pressure chambers are so oriented that the longitudinal axes of the upper chambers A and C coincide with a notional common vertical plane, the longitudinal axes of the lower pressure chambers B and I) also coinciding with another vertical plane but in such a way that these notional vertical planes form an internal angle of circa 90. Variations of said angle are possible between 80 and 100. All four longitudinal axes can have a common point of intersection, but this condition is not essential for the utilization intended for the construction.
  • the four externally similar pressure chambers A, B, C and D are thus built together at their thick ends to form a unit since the side surfaces of the chambers are partially lengthened to common section lines.
  • the end wall sections of the chambers are constituted by customary spherical segments in the space obtained by the building together of said chambers. Said segments can touch each other at several points. All these end wall sections are provided with a least three doors 1, 2 and 3 intended for the transferring of treated material and, respectively, material to be treated, and to a certain degree even pressure medium or steam, from the upper chambers A and C to the corresponding lower chambers B and D.
  • the centre space behind and between these end Wall sections is used for the location of valves or doors, their pneumatic or hydraulic operating means, and for short tube channels 1', 2 'and 3' arranged preferably between transferring openings in opposite end walls.
  • the two upper pressure chambers A and C each contain suitable U-shaped shelves or intermediate partitions 20, 21 fixed partially in the end walls and partially in the sides of the chamber so that the longitudinal inclination of said shelves corresponds with the longitudinal axis of the pressure chamber, and so that the lowest point in relation to the horizontal plane touches the doors 2 and 3 on the bottom side.
  • the positioning of the shelves or intermediate partitions is further apparent from FIG. 5.
  • the introduction of live steam can take place through a trunk conduit 18 which first forks into two main lines 19, 22 which in turn branch oil in the vicinity of the upper three-point intersecting area of the exterior casing on both sides, so that the one end line 23 runs over the valve 6 in FIGS. 3 and 6 into the upper chamber A; the other end line 24 runs over the valve 7 to the lower chamber B.
  • end branches 25, 26 of the steam duct are connected to the pressure chambers C and D.
  • valves 27, 28 are found in the pressure chambers 27, 28.
  • valves 8 in the live steam duct 22 are closed, the last part of the branch duct having the valves 6 and 7, 27 and 28 can, in open position, be used for pressure equalization as well as transferring of the steam already found in the chamber system, thus between the chambers A-B and, respectively, C-D.
  • Another short transfer duct, controlled by valves 9 and and preferably diagonally on the opposite side of the upper three-point intersecting area, valves 30 and 31 are intended partly to take care of the pressure equalization in the system between the chambers B-C and D-A, and partly to blow out, when necessary, the rest of the steam no longer usable in the system. This latter function is performed by means of an outlet pipe 29 having valves #11 and 32.
  • Separate equalizing valves 12 and 13 facilitate the emptying of the residual steam from the upper chambers A and C separately and simultaneously with blowing out from any of the lower chambers, without first requiring any equalization of the pressure, between these chambers at different exhaust pressures. This leaves a greater flexibility when using difierent utilization systems. Condensation occurs during the first period of the steam hardening-i.e. during heating of the material and raising of the steam pressure. This condensate is continuously carried ofi from the device by means of automatic condensate separators :14, 15 of a known type. Said separators are provided with steam traps, are located at the lower threepoint intersecting places and are connected only to the upper pressure chambers A and C. Since only insignificant amounts of condensate are formed in the lower chambers, the condensate separators 16, 17 here are smaller and are preferably provided on the lowest part of the chambers B and D, e.g. at the bottom edge of the closure collar.
  • the monolithically integrated autoclave constructed according to the present invention is used in the followmg manner.
  • the cover to the chamber A is opened with the help of hydraulic operating means. Unhardened green balls, briquettes or granules are fed in directly from e.g. a conveyor belt to the autoclave, and roll down because of the downward sloping of the chamber sides and the intermediate partitions.
  • Unhardened green balls, briquettes or granules are fed in directly from e.g. a conveyor belt to the autoclave, and roll down because of the downward sloping of the chamber sides and the intermediate partitions.
  • the shelves or intermediate partitions partially relieve the lowest situated unhardened bodies, thereby eliminating a risk of crushing in a chamber having a large diameter.
  • the cover is then closed.
  • the transfer valves 30 and 31 are opened while the valve 32 is closed. In this way, residual steam from chamber D is transferred in the beginning to chamber A.
  • valves 8 and 6 Thereafter, live steam is introduced over the valves 8 and 6, while valve 7 is closed.
  • valve 30 When the pressure in chamber A has risen to the same level prevailing with the admission of transfer steam from D, valve 30 is closed and valve 32 is opened instead. In this way blowing out of residual steam from chamber D occurs.
  • chamber A The increasing of the pressure in chamber A continues with live steam until the desired full pressure level has been reached. Thereafter, the other upper chamber C is filled with a new complement of unhardened bodies, and said chamber C is closed. Said chamber C is first fed transfer steam from chamber B, and then with live steam only. Full pressure prevails in chamber A at the same time as the pressure increase with live steam in chamber C takes place, while residual steam is blown out of chamber B. Thereafter, chamber B is opened at the bottom and the hardened product can roll directly onto the carriages of non-tracked conveying vehicles, or onto conveyor belts. The outflow can be controlled by opening the cover to different positions. This is done with the help of the covers hydraulic operating means.
  • chamber B As soon as chamber B has been emptied of its content of finished product, the cover is closed (see e.g. h in FIG. 1) and the transferring of steam from chamber A is undertaken through opening of both of the accessible tranfer valves 6 and 7.
  • the door 1 in the lower part of chamber A is opened and the not completely fully hardened product is allowed to roll down to the lower chamber B along planes curved in several directions.
  • the intention is to further convey the balls or briquettes, which are not yet fully hardened during this stage, in a closed system from this upper chamber to the other one at a lower level without the risk of crushing needing to arise.
  • an equalizing gas flow in the other direction is channelled between the upper and lower chambers, partly through open transfer ducts and partly through the porous product and the appropriate doors.
  • the door 2 between A and B is opened and balls or briquettes situated between shelf partitions in chamber A are transferred by a sliding movement on top of the previous introduced product in chamber B.
  • short pressure surges of steam are introduced in the upper chamber at the sides of the shelf partitions. This is made possible by the shelves crossing over the entrances of the steam ducts.
  • connection means is received a distribution of possible initial steam jet on the top as well as the bottom side of the shelf partition. This results in that due to different turbulence conditions on both sides of the shelf plate said plate itself is set in vibration. This vibration in turn is capable of producing conditions for sliding.
  • the device is supplemented by doubling the doors 1, 2 and 3 so that the transferring of the hardening product can take place in the inner part of the device from an upper chamber to two lower chambers simultaneously, possibilities arise for other utilization systems in other practically identical hardening devices.
  • the integral autoclave described in the present invention can be filled with balls, briquettes, pieces or granulate after short time intervals from a higher height level by means of a common conveyor belt alternately in chambers A and C, while the feeding out can take place unhindered over another conveyor path oriented in another direction and on a lower height level.
  • a conventional type hardening installation equipped with two cylindrical autoclaves, tracked autoclave carriages, similar cover diameters, and thus with the same capacity is estimated to cover circa four times the floor area and requires a at least two times greater steam plant than what is required for the comparable integral device described in the present invention.
  • the invention is also estimated to further result in essential economic advantages with the intended steam 6 hardening process as a result of the saving of tracked autoclave carriages, floor cranes, charging and extracting means for the carriages, reforwarder from the autoclave carriages to transport vehicles and shorter steam ducts.
  • gas or gas admixtures can be used as treating medium; and especially regarding the lower chambers, liquids can also be used e.g. for leaching or impregnating the material.
  • the chambers, the interior of the chambers, the transfer ducts, the valves etc. can be given any other suitable configuration and design to provide for autoclave treatment of goods other than agglomerates.
  • An autoclave for fluent material comprising a plurality of closely spaced pressure chambers mounted as a unit, at least a pair of said chambers being disposed one higher than the other and having axes disposed at an angle to each other and to the horizontal, and means for selectively establishing communication between said chambers of said pair for the flow of said material by gravity from the upper to the lower chambers of said pair for continued treatment in the same said unit.
  • An autoclave as claimed in claim 1 and conduit means communicating between said pressure chambers, and valve means for selectively opening and closing the conduit means thereby to permit flow of a treating fluid between said chambers.
  • An autoclave as claimed in claim 1 there being two upper chambers whose axes lie in a common vertical plane and two lower chambers whose axes lie in a common vertical plane, the two said vertical planes being disposed at an angle to each other of to degrees.
  • An autoclave as claimed in claim 1 said upper chamber having a door at an upper end thereof, said upper chamber having longitudinal partitions therein that are bent in cross section and disposed one above the other and that extend downwardly from said door to provide plural separate paths of movement for material downwardly through said upper chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
US63498A 1969-08-22 1970-08-13 Autoclave device Expired - Lifetime US3687635A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE11715/69A SE348647B (ro) 1969-08-22 1969-08-22

Publications (1)

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US3687635A true US3687635A (en) 1972-08-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US63498A Expired - Lifetime US3687635A (en) 1969-08-22 1970-08-13 Autoclave device

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US3687635A (ro)
JP (1) JPS5021125B1 (ro)
AT (1) AT312567B (ro)
BE (1) BE755009A (ro)
BR (1) BR7021600D0 (ro)
CA (1) CA945368A (ro)
CH (1) CH572762A5 (ro)
DK (1) DK132058C (ro)
ES (1) ES382895A1 (ro)
FI (1) FI50302C (ro)
FR (1) FR2058122A5 (ro)
GB (1) GB1324814A (ro)
LU (1) LU61552A1 (ro)
NL (1) NL7012381A (ro)
NO (1) NO127332B (ro)
SE (1) SE348647B (ro)
ZA (1) ZA705413B (ro)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4238240A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-12-09 Pieter Krijgsman Method of and structure for forming a reaction product such as calcium silicate and the resulting structure
US4979987A (en) * 1988-07-19 1990-12-25 First Miss Gold, Inc. Precious metals recovery from refractory carbonate ores
US20070266590A1 (en) * 2006-04-06 2007-11-22 Econ Maschinenbau Und Steuerungstechnik Gmbh Drying device and method
US7604783B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2009-10-20 Placer Dome Technical Services Limited Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractor gold ores or concentrates
US8061888B2 (en) 2006-03-17 2011-11-22 Barrick Gold Corporation Autoclave with underflow dividers
US8252254B2 (en) 2006-06-15 2012-08-28 Barrick Gold Corporation Process for reduced alkali consumption in the recovery of silver

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57130074U (ro) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-13

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4238240A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-12-09 Pieter Krijgsman Method of and structure for forming a reaction product such as calcium silicate and the resulting structure
US4979987A (en) * 1988-07-19 1990-12-25 First Miss Gold, Inc. Precious metals recovery from refractory carbonate ores
US7604783B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2009-10-20 Placer Dome Technical Services Limited Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractor gold ores or concentrates
US8029751B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-10-04 Placer Dome Technical Services Limited Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractory gold ores or concentrates
US8061888B2 (en) 2006-03-17 2011-11-22 Barrick Gold Corporation Autoclave with underflow dividers
US20070266590A1 (en) * 2006-04-06 2007-11-22 Econ Maschinenbau Und Steuerungstechnik Gmbh Drying device and method
US8252254B2 (en) 2006-06-15 2012-08-28 Barrick Gold Corporation Process for reduced alkali consumption in the recovery of silver

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2058122A5 (ro) 1971-05-21
BR7021600D0 (pt) 1973-03-13
CH572762A5 (ro) 1976-02-27
JPS5021125B1 (ro) 1975-07-21
FI50302C (fi) 1976-02-10
CA945368A (en) 1974-04-16
SE348647B (ro) 1972-09-11
GB1324814A (en) 1973-07-25
DE2037973B2 (de) 1975-08-07
BE755009A (fr) 1971-02-19
AT312567B (de) 1974-01-10
DK132058B (da) 1975-10-20
FI50302B (ro) 1975-10-31
LU61552A1 (ro) 1970-10-22
NL7012381A (ro) 1971-02-24
ZA705413B (en) 1971-04-28
DE2037973A1 (de) 1971-03-04
DK132058C (da) 1976-03-15
ES382895A1 (es) 1973-04-16
NO127332B (ro) 1973-06-12

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