US3686758A - Orthodontic appliance - Google Patents

Orthodontic appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
US3686758A
US3686758A US99846A US3686758DA US3686758A US 3686758 A US3686758 A US 3686758A US 99846 A US99846 A US 99846A US 3686758D A US3686758D A US 3686758DA US 3686758 A US3686758 A US 3686758A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bracket
arch wire
lock ring
appliance
frame
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Expired - Lifetime
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US99846A
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English (en)
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Peter C Kesling
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates in general to orthodontic appliances, and more particularly to appliances adapted to be used in combination with orthodontic brackets for locking arch wires to the bracket and to provide movement control of a tooth, and still more particularly to a full or half-ring shaped member that may be quickly and easily applied to a bracket to lock a wire in place; and still more particularly to an appliance for taking the place of the well-known lock pin.
  • the present invention overcomes the difficulties of the heretofore known lock pin, and additionally provides movement control of teeth that was not possible with lock pins.
  • the appliance of the invention in one form is a lock ring which includes a ring-shaped frame or body that is adapted to fit over the body of any of the well known pin receiving brackets, is anchored to the body by projections extending into the pin opening, and has means for locking the arch wire or arch wires to the bracket.
  • the pin opening effectively defines sockets at its opposite ends which receive the projections of the lock ring.
  • the bracket includes a pair of attaching flanges, a body extending from the attaching flanges and having an occlusal-gingivally extending pinway or opening, and an arch wire notch that extends mesial-distally.
  • the lock ring of the invention may be fitted quickly and easily to a bracket for locking the arch wire in place. Further, the portions of the frame of the lock ring which are arranged mesial and distal of the bracket body contact the arch wire and coact with the attaching flanges to enhance rotational control of a tooth by preventing or effecting rotation as is necessary.
  • the lock ring surrounds the bracket body and is bottomed at the occlusal and gingival ends of the body, it also serves as a safety locking device to permit tipping relatively between the arch wire and tooth, although means may be added to the lock ring to effect or prevent tipping.
  • the lock ring may be made of metal or molded from plastic. When made of metal, it is preferably made from dead soft material, such as brass, and before usage would be in a form so that it could be easily applied over the body of the bracket and thereafter deformed by squeezing the ring along the occlusal-gingival axis until the projections are received in the opposite ends of the occlusal-gingival opening of the body and the ring is seated at the occlusal and gingival ends of the bracket.
  • the lock ring may be placed in the jaws of a pair of pliers, positioned over the bracket, and then squeezed to lock it in place.
  • the lock ring may also be molded from plastic, and then it is molded in the shape that it will ultimately take when applied to a bracket for locking the arch wire in place, and accordingly, when the lock ring herein is applied it must be deformed to slip over the bracket body.
  • Application of the lock ring may be accomplished by placing the lock ring in the jaws of a pliers, squeezing the lock ring out of shape so that it can be applied over the bracket body, slipping the lock ring over the bracket body, and then releasing it so that it engages the bracket body seating against the occlusal and gingival ends of the body and in a position to lock the wire in the archwire notch of the bracket.
  • the appliance of the invention may take the form of a full-ring shaped member, it should be appreciated that it could also be provided in a half-ring shaped form, wherein projections engaging in the bracket opening are held together by a single connection at the mesial, distal or labial side of the bracket. Again, this embodiment could be made of metal or molded from resilient plastic.
  • Another form of the appliance according to the invention may include the addition of lingually-facing notches to accept the arch wire and to effect mesiodistal inclinations of teeth.
  • flexible mesiodistally directed extensions on a lock ring may be employed to effect mesiodistal inclinations of teeth.
  • Another object of this invention is in the provision of an appliance in the form of a full or half-ring shaped member which can be easily and quickly applied to a bracket for. locking an arch wire in position and for providing rotational control between the arch wire and bracket. Conversely, the appliance may be easily and quickly removed from a bracket when it is desired to remove the arch wire.
  • a further object of the present invention is in the provision of an appliance for locking an arch wire to a bracket that may easily be modified to also effect mesiodistal inclinations of teeth.
  • FIG. 1 is a lingual perspective view of one form of an appliance according to the present invention wherein it takes the form of a metal lock ring which is illustrated in the shape for application to a bracket;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the lock ring of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the lock ring of FIGS. 1 and 2 and a bracket to which it has been applied, illustrating in solid lines the shape after it has been slid onto the bracket, and in dotted lines the shape after it has been deformed into locking position;
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevational or labial view of the lock ring of FIGS. 1 and 2 after it has been anchored in position on a bracket, and illustrating the wire in locked arrangement;
  • FIG. 5 is a top or gingival view of the assembly of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the assembly of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective lingual view of a modified lock ring according to the invention which is molded of plastic;
  • FIG. 8 is a rear elevational or lingual view of the lock ring of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a top or gingival view of the lock ring of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a front elevational or labial view of the lock ring of FIG. 7 as applied to a bracket with a wire for locking the wire to the bracket, and illustrating in dotted lines the deformed lock ring that enables it to be applied to the bracket, and in solid lines the lock ring after it has been seated;
  • FIG. 11 is a labial perspective view of the further embodiment of the invention wherein it is shown in halfring form;
  • FIG. 12 is a front or labial elevational view of the appliance of FIG. 1 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a top or gingival view of the appliance of FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 14 is a front or labial elevational view of an assembly showing the half-lock ring of FIG. 11 seated on a bracket with the wire locked in place, it being illustrated as a metal half-lock ring which is deformed following positioning on the bracket;
  • FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the assembly of FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is a labial perspective view of a further embodiment of the invention and showing an arch wire in phantom as it will be engaged by notches of the appliance to effect mesiodistal inclinations of teeth, the appliance being made of soft metal and therefore being deformable once it is positioned on a bracket to be fastened in place;
  • FIG. 17 is a view of a further modified appliance which differs from that of FIG. 16 only in that it is formed of resilient metal or plastic, and therefore would be deformable prior to positioning on a bracket;
  • FIG. 18 is a front or labial elevational view of a still further embodiment of the invention which illustrates the use of flexible mesial-distally directed extensions for effecting mesiodistal inclinations of teeth;
  • FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 20 is a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 18 to illustrate a different form of extension for effecting mesiodistal inclinations of teeth.
  • this form of appliance according to the invention is generally ring shaped, and it therefore may be defined as a lock ring 25. It is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 in the form that it is made, which enables it to be easily slipped over the bracket, and thereafter be deformed and locked in place as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the lock ring is made of dead soft material, such as brass, wherein it can be deformed by applying squeezing forces as shown in FIG. 3. Once the lock ring has been deformed, it will maintain the shape.
  • the lock ring includes a generally ring shaped frame or body 26 defined by opposed sides 27 and 28 and upper and lower ends 29 and 30. Projections 31 and 32 extend inwardly from the upper and lower ends 29 and 30 and the upper projection 31 includes a lingually extending arm 33.
  • the lock ring is adapted for use with a bracket such as that illustrated by the numeral 34 which includes a body 35 defining an occlusal-gingivally extending opening 36 formed by opposed walls 37 and 38 joined at the labial side with a connecting wall 39. Attaching or welding flanges 40 and 41 extend from the opposing walls 37 and 38, and are adapted to be suitably secured to a band or cemented to a tooth.
  • An arch wire notch or slot 42 is provided at the gingival end and lingual side of the bracket body 35 into which an arch wire may be received such as the arch wire 43, shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. Only one arch wire is illustrated in the arch wire slot, yet it should be appreciated that two wires could be arranged therein providing the slot is deep enough, but for simplicity purposes, only a single wire is illustrated in the drawings.
  • brackets While the bracket of US. Pat. No. 3,178,921 is illustrated, it should be appreciated that other types of brackets may be used in conjunction with lock ring 25 as long as they have an arch wire slot, and openings or sockets at the upper and lower ends of the bracket body into which the projections may be received.
  • the pin opening 36 effectively defines sockets at its opposite ends.
  • lock pins can also be used if that be desired. Even so, the lock ring of the present invention is intended to replace the lock pin.
  • the outer surfaces of the frame ends 29 and 30 are respectively flatted at 29a and 30a. Accordingly, it is easier to grip the lock ring between jaws of a pliers for placing same on a bracket.
  • the locking arm 33 of the locking ring 25 extends lingually over the arch wire 43 and the arch wire slot 42 to lock the wire in place on the bracket.
  • the lingual-labial thickness of the lock ring is such as to cause the opposite sides 27 and 28 to contact the arch wire mesially and distally of the bracket body 35 and urge it against the attaching flanges 40 and 41, thereby enabling the lock ring to control tooth rotation by preventing or effecting rotation of the tooth. Accordingly, better rotational control is produced with lock ring 25 than with any lock pin.
  • the lock ring may be mounted, it is only necessary to position the lock ring between the jaws of a pair of pliers, preferably so that the jaws engage the upper and lower end surfaces 29a and 30a, position the lock ring on the body of the bracket, and then apply force with the pliers to squeeze the upper and lower ends in seated position against the gingival and occlusal ends of the bracket body 35 so that the projections 31 and 32 are received within the gingival and occlusal ends of the opening 36.
  • the upper or gingival end of the lock ring is held in spaced relation to the attaching flanges by the arch wire 43.
  • the occlusal end of the bracket body 35 includes inclined portions 45 which maintain the incisal or occlusal end of the lock ring in spaced relation from the attaching flanges.
  • the lock ring During the manufacture of the lock ring, it would be subjected to a tumbling process to eliminate sharp edges, and since it would not be necessary to trim the lock ring in any manner when using it, no sharp edges would be encountered following mounting of the lock ring in place, thereby contributing to the comfort of the patient. Further, the lock ring is positioned slightly lingually of the labial surface of the bracket to contribute to a compact assembly. It can be appreciated that where a patient might have protruding gums, application of the lock ring would not interfere with the gums or cause any discomfort to the patient.
  • the arch wire locking arm 33 can function to allow free tipping or uprighting of the teeth by being spaced from the bottom of the arch wire slot 42, a distance greater than the diameter of the arch wire.
  • this embodiment could be molded of nylon or any other suitable plastic.
  • a resilient metal could also be used as the material. It would differ slightly from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 6 in that it would be made in the shape it would take when it is in locking position on the bracket, wherein it would be necessary to first deform the lock ring so that it could be slipped onto the bracket and thereafter released so that it could return to its normal shape which would be in locking position.
  • This lock ring is generally indicated by the numeral 50, and similarly includes a generally ring shaped frame 51 defined by opposing sides 52 and 53, and upper and lower ends 54 and 55.
  • Projections 56 and 57 respectively extend toward each other from the upper and lower ends 54 and 55, which projections serve the same purpose as the projections 31 and 32 of the lock ring 25 to engage in the opposite ends of the bracket opening 36 and anchor the lock ring on the bracket.
  • An arch wire locking arm 58 extends lingually of the upper end 54.
  • the opposed sides 52 and 53 have at their exterior surfaces flat faces 52a and 53a adapted to be engaged by the jaws of a pliers during the mounting and demounting of the lock ring upon the bracket. Accordingly, when mounting the lock ring 50 onto a bracket, the ring is deformed by applying forces against opposed faces 52a and 53a as shown by the arrows in FIG. 10 to deform the ring in the shape shown in dotted lines, so that it can be slipped over the bracket body to the position where, when released, the projections 56 and 57 engage in the gingival and occlusal ends of the opening of the bracket to lock the ring in place and to lock the arch wire on the bracket.
  • the lock ring may be removed by following the reverse procedure of deforming the ring by applying pressure against the opposite sides until it can be slipped off the bracket body.
  • This embodiment differs in one other respect from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 6 in that the arch wire engaging the edge of the locking arm 58 is formed to define a line or knife edge to further facilitate tipping action between the arch wire and tooth, the line edge being defined at 58a.
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 illustrates another form of the invention wherein the appliance is formed generally as a half-ring, and is generally designated by the numeral 62.
  • This wire locking member includes a frame or body 63 that is crescent or half-ring shaped.
  • the frame 63 comprises upper and lower ends 64 and 65 interconnected by a single rotation control member 66.
  • Upper and lower projections 67 and 68 respectively extend toward each other from the upper and lower ends 64 and 65, and are adapted to engage in the upper and lower ends of the bracket body opening.
  • An arch wire locking arm 69 extends lingually of the upper end 64.
  • This embodiment would be employed where it was only desired to provide rotational control at the mesial or distal side of the bracket, and it should be appreciated that it could be made of the opposite hand wherein the rotation control member 66 would be on the opposite side from the illustrated embodiment.
  • This embodiment would normally be made of dead soft metal, and therefore it would be formed so that it could be easily slipped over the bracket body and thereafter squeezed to bring the projections into the bracket body opening.
  • the upper and lower ends 64 and 65 are flatted at their exterior surfaces at 64a and 65a so that a pliers may readily and easily have its jaw engage the flat faces. It should be appreciated it could also be formed so that the member connecting the upper and lower ends would extend along the labial side of the bracket, and then it would not effect any rotation control.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate a variation where the lock ring appliance of the invention can also effect mesiodistal inclinations of teeth by in tegrally including means for accepting the arch wire and preventing relative tipping between the arch wire and lock ring.
  • the difference in the embodiments of FIGS. 16 and 17 is that the lock ring of FIG. 16, generally indicated by the numeral 75, is formed of metal in the same fashion as the embodiment of FIG. 1, while the embodiment of FIG. 17, generally indicated by the numeral 76, is molded of plastic or made of resilient metal in the same fashion as the embodiment of FIG. 7. Accordingly, application of lock rings 75 and 76 to a bracket will be respectively the same as application of the lock rings 25 and 50.
  • the means for restraining the arch wire 43 in these embodiments is defined by lingually facing notches arranged at the opposite sides of the lock ring.
  • the notches are defined by the numeral 77, while in the embodiment of FIG. 17 the notches are defined by the numeral 78.
  • the notches 75 are defined by lingually facing extensions 79, while the notches 78 in the lock ring 76 are defined by lingually facing extensions 80.
  • a notch may be provided on only one side of the notch ring if desired, but that better control is provided by defining notches on both sides of the lock ring, and where the arch wire is contained by the notches, mesiodistal inclinations of the teeth can be effected.
  • the notches as shown define a ninety degree relationship between the long axis of the bracket and arch wire, but it should be appreciated that they could be repositioned to define any other angular relationship.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19, and the em bodiment of FIG. 20 illustrate other forms of lock rings according to the invention that are capable of effecting mesiodistal inclinations of teeth, these differing from the embodiments of FIGS. 16 and 17 in that they include flexible mesiodistally directed extensions for engaging the arch wire.
  • the lock ring of FIGS. 18 and 19 is generally designated by the numeral 84
  • the lock ring of FIG. 20 is generally designated by the numeral 85. Both of these embodiments will be made by molding same out of a plastic having the desired amount of resiliency so that the extensions are resilient, and they will be applied to a bracket in the same manner as heretofore described in connection with the lock ring 50 of FIG. 7.
  • flexible mesial and distal directed extensions 86 and 87 extend from the top and bottom ends of the lock ring body, and have hook portions 86a and 870 at their ends, which are capable of engaging the arch wire 43 as illustrated so that the arch wire cannot top relative to the lock ring and tooth, and so that it will therefore effect mesiodistal inclinations of the tooth.
  • the only difference in the embodiment of FIG. 20 is that the extensions 88 and 89 do not extend directly oppositely of the lock ring body, but extend angularly. Otherwise, the function of the lock ring 85 is identical to that of the lock ring 84. Again, hooks 88a and 89a are formed on the ends of the extensions 88 and 89 for engagement with the arch wire 43. It should be appreciated that a single mesial or distal-directed extension may be employed where tipping action is desired.
  • An orthodontic appliance for use in combination with a bracket having attaching flanges, and a body extending labially from the flanges and having socket means at the occlusal and gingival ends thereof and a mesial-distally extending arch wire slot opening, along the occlusal gingival axis said appliance comprising a frame, projections on the frame engaging in the socket means and locking the appliance on the bracket, and at least the projection at the slot end of the appliance hav' ing a labiolingual depth to extend over the arch wire slot and lock the arch wire to the bracket, whereby deformation of the appliance is necessary to mount and demount same on the bracket.
  • a lock ring for use in combination with a bracket having attaching flanges, and a body extending labially from the flanges and having socket means at the occlusal and gingival ends thereof and a mesial-distally extending arch wire slot opening gingivally, said lock ring comprising a generally ring-shaped frame defined by gingival and occlusal ends and mesial and distal sides, projections extending inwardly from the gingival and occlusal ends for engaging in the socket means to lock the lock ring on the bracket, the projection at the gingival end of the frame extending lingually to overlie the arch wire slot and lock the arch wire therein while permitting relative tipping between the arch wire and the bracket, and the mesial and distal sides being positioned mesial and distal of the bracket body to engage the arch wire at points mesial and distal from the bracket body and effect rotation control, whereby deformation of the appliance is necessary to mount and demount same on the bracket.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US99846A 1970-12-21 1970-12-21 Orthodontic appliance Expired - Lifetime US3686758A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US9984670A 1970-12-21 1970-12-21

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US3686758A true US3686758A (en) 1972-08-29

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US99846A Expired - Lifetime US3686758A (en) 1970-12-21 1970-12-21 Orthodontic appliance

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US (1) US3686758A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5024797B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA953542A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2163292C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1377768A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871096A (en) * 1972-11-08 1975-03-18 Melvin Wallshein Orthodontic spring clip
US4149314A (en) * 1977-02-18 1979-04-17 Nonnenmann Michael J Orthodontic brackets with pivotal fastenings
US4180912A (en) * 1978-09-22 1980-01-01 Kesling Peter C Orthodontic light wire appliance
US4350487A (en) * 1980-04-14 1982-09-21 Tp Laboratories, Inc. Lock pin
US4797095A (en) * 1984-05-11 1989-01-10 Unitek Corporation Orthodontic hook mounting
US4842514A (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-06-27 Tp Orthodontics, Inc. Uprighting spring
US4900250A (en) * 1987-04-30 1990-02-13 Tp Orthodontics, Inc. Elastic orthodontic appliance for an edgewise-type bracket
US5037297A (en) * 1987-09-15 1991-08-06 Lerner Harry K Orthodontic bracket and lock pin
US6746243B1 (en) 2003-05-31 2004-06-08 Daniel A. Holzhauer Orthodontic ligature and method of use
US20050260532A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Jedediah Feller Orthodontic appliance attachment
USD768863S1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-10-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Orthodontic lingual ligature
WO2018022401A1 (en) * 2016-07-25 2018-02-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Design configuration applied in a self-ligating bracket system
WO2018048399A1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2018-03-15 Designer Ties, LLC Orthodontic appliance

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087244A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-04-30 Robert J Huettner Orthodontic attachment device
US3497954A (en) * 1968-07-03 1970-03-03 Peter C Kesling Bypass clamp for orthodontic bracket

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087244A (en) * 1961-06-28 1963-04-30 Robert J Huettner Orthodontic attachment device
US3497954A (en) * 1968-07-03 1970-03-03 Peter C Kesling Bypass clamp for orthodontic bracket

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871096A (en) * 1972-11-08 1975-03-18 Melvin Wallshein Orthodontic spring clip
US4149314A (en) * 1977-02-18 1979-04-17 Nonnenmann Michael J Orthodontic brackets with pivotal fastenings
US4180912A (en) * 1978-09-22 1980-01-01 Kesling Peter C Orthodontic light wire appliance
US4350487A (en) * 1980-04-14 1982-09-21 Tp Laboratories, Inc. Lock pin
US4797095A (en) * 1984-05-11 1989-01-10 Unitek Corporation Orthodontic hook mounting
US4900250A (en) * 1987-04-30 1990-02-13 Tp Orthodontics, Inc. Elastic orthodontic appliance for an edgewise-type bracket
US5037297A (en) * 1987-09-15 1991-08-06 Lerner Harry K Orthodontic bracket and lock pin
US4842514A (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-06-27 Tp Orthodontics, Inc. Uprighting spring
US6746243B1 (en) 2003-05-31 2004-06-08 Daniel A. Holzhauer Orthodontic ligature and method of use
US20050260532A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Jedediah Feller Orthodontic appliance attachment
USD768863S1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-10-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Orthodontic lingual ligature
WO2018022401A1 (en) * 2016-07-25 2018-02-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Design configuration applied in a self-ligating bracket system
WO2018048399A1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2018-03-15 Designer Ties, LLC Orthodontic appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA953542A (en) 1974-08-27
DE2163292C3 (de) 1980-07-17
GB1377768A (en) 1974-12-18
JPS5024797B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-19
DE2163292A1 (de) 1972-06-29
DE2163292B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-10-31

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