US3684992A - Production of magnetic coils for the creation of intense fields - Google Patents

Production of magnetic coils for the creation of intense fields Download PDF

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Publication number
US3684992A
US3684992A US194315A US3684992DA US3684992A US 3684992 A US3684992 A US 3684992A US 194315 A US194315 A US 194315A US 3684992D A US3684992D A US 3684992DA US 3684992 A US3684992 A US 3684992A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheets
metal sheets
stack
coil
conducting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US194315A
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English (en)
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Michel Huguet
Paul-Henri Rebut
Antoine Torossian
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H01F7/202—Electromagnets for high magnetic field strength

Definitions

  • Coils are already known, generally by the name of Bitter coils, each constituted by a stack of conducting sheets of copper alternating with insulating sheets.
  • the latter of small thickness (50 microns for example) are cut-out in such manner that they permit local contact between the copper sheets and in consequence there is produced a coil the turns of which are formed by these sheets, by clamping the edges of the stack by means of jaws.
  • the whole unit is cooled by tie-ionized water circulating through the coil by means of channels pierced perpendicularly to the stack.
  • the invention is directed to the design of a coil which is especially suitable, in a very particular example, to the production of an installation operating by impulses ⁇ in which the intensity of induction along a circumference of 2m. in diameter will reach 6T and the stored magnetic energy will attain 40 M], the heat energy dissipated in an assembly of 24 coils during the course of one impulse will be I50 MJ and the frequency of operation will be one impulse every 4 minutes. As the duration of the impulse is very short, the temperature rise will therefore be adiabatic.
  • the intense magnetic field necessary should be created by a toric solanoid of 24 coils. These coils may also be utilized to create a rectilinear field having an intensity which may reach GT and even more.
  • Coils of this kind would appear to be particularly well adapted to resist high mechanical stresses. It has however been found that these coils such as they are formed, could not be suitable as a solution of the problem set for many reasons, and in particular:
  • the copper-water heat-exchange surface is inadequate since it is reduced to the section of the copper sheets. This makes it necessary to execute a very large number of cooling channels which are difficult to machine and involve very high cost.
  • the leakage lines between turns are too short, the thickness of the insulation material being of the order of 50 to I microns, and the slightest impurity in the cooling water results in breakdown.
  • the present invention proposes to modify the formation of coils of this kind in order to eliminate the preceding drawbacks and in particular to permit the use of these coils for the installation referred to above.
  • said sheets having local contacts such that they form a conducting spiral, characterized in that the said sheets comprise locally cut-out portions greater than two in number displaced from one sheet to the next following, and means delimiting a circuit for a cooling fluid against the said cut-out portions in such manner that the fluid is in contact with the lateral faces of the said sheets.
  • the cooling is thus much more effective, since water for example circulating in the cooling circuit can pass over the surface of the sheets at the level of the displaced cut-out portions, and not only along their edges.
  • the stack can then advantageously be clamped by means of studs passing through the metal sheets and the insulating sheets.
  • each conducting sheet is cut-out in castellations so as to form cooling fins, the castellations being arranged in staggered relation between the various metal sheets, and a cooling fluid circulates in the channel formed by these fins around the stack and over the entire height of the stack.
  • the metal sheets comprise openings for the passage of the cooling fluid into the mass of the stack, of round or oblong shape, which overlap from one metal sheet to the next following, the insulation extending beyond the metal sheets in each opening.
  • each coil can be constructed either for operation under pulsating conditions or for operation under continuous conditions, or for both these conditions of operation.
  • each coil is of quadrangular form with a central opening of circular section, but it is clear that such a form of the coil with its central opening is in no way exclusive and that the invention is applicable to any other form.
  • FIG. I is a view looking on the top of the coil assumed to be for operation by pulsation
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a copper sheet of the stack
  • FIG. 3 is a view in cross-section along the plane III III of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a view in cross-section taken along the plane IV-IV of FIG. I;
  • FIG. 5 is a enlarged view in cross-section of a portion of turns of the coil taken along the plane V-V of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a view in cross-section of a portion of the stack at the level of the cooling channels, in an alternative form provided for operation with continuous condition;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative form of construction of FIG. 6
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show diagrammatically two other methods of construction of the stack, as an alternative to FIG. 5.
  • the conducting material copper slightly alloyed with zirconium and phosphorus, or copper alloyed with silver which, in addition to excellent electrical conductivity, has remarkable mechanical properties, in particular a high elastic limit equal to at least 38 kglsq.m., up to high temperatures.
  • the insulating sheets they are made of sheets of material known under the name of Kapton.
  • each armature is made-up of two sectors, a sector of 270 and the other 11 of 90.
  • the sector 11 overlaps one of the electrodes 12 of the coil with the connection tab 13.
  • Studs 14 (or screws with countersunk heads) co-operating with nuts 16 and locking washers 1']
  • the heads of the studs and screws and the nuts are housed in recesses 18 .formed in the armatures with the interposition of an insulating layer or washer 19 under the heads.
  • the shaft of each stud or screw is sheathed over its entire height by an insulating tube 20.
  • FIG. 2 shows one of the conducting metal sheets 21 of the stack.
  • Each sheet is slit at 22 alternately in the stack along the axis AA, or the axis AA,. There can be seen in the drawing the various openings for the passage of the studs or the clamping screws.
  • Each side of the sheet is castellated in order to provide projections forming fins 23 alternating with hollow spaces 24, and the stack is made in such manner that the projections and the hollows of one sheet are respectively facing the hollows and projections of an adjacent metal sheet, following a staggered arrangement.
  • each sheet is of partial symmetry with respect to the central axis 8,, B,, so that it is only necessary to turn it through 180 degrees around this axis so as to obtain the next following metal sheet of the stack.
  • the insulating sheets are uniformly square but their dimensions are such with respect to those of the conducting metal sheets that they uniformly extend about 1 mm. beyond, on the one hand the marginal hollows of the metal sheets and on the other hand the circular internal border 25 of these metal sheets, which improves the quality of insulation as compared with conventional Bitter coils. In the drawings, this extension has been exaggerated in order to show it more clearly. As has been previously seen, there exist two insulating sheets 26 for the separation of two adjacent conducting metal sheets, these being slit so as to enable them to be placed in position, as will be described later.
  • the slots of the conducting metal sheets are alternately superimposed along two lines only. Nevertheless, in order to permit the production of a conducting spiral, they are in contact in pairs, without intercalated isolating sheets. For two pairs of metal sheets separated from each other by insulating sheets over 270 from one slot to the other, the contact is made over between the two slots by one metal sheet only of each pair, the insulating sheets passing into the slots so as to be displaced by one thickness of metal sheet at the first slot and by a second thickness at the second slot (see FIG. 5).
  • the four lateral faces of the coil are each closed by a first insulating plate 27 hearing against the projections of the castellated edges of the conducting sheets, and made fluid-tight on the edges by a joint 28 with a base of an elastomer which polymerizes in the cold state.
  • a second insulating plate 29 fixed by screws 30 on the lateral edges of the armatures l0 and 11.
  • FIG. 1 there are shown at 31 the cooling water supply tubes and at 32 the tubes for evacuating this water.
  • the cooling water coming in through the tubes 31 will sweep over all the lateral faces of the coil internally of the plates 27, following paths in tiers along the cooling fins 23 and passing from one turn to another by the effect of the hollow spaces 24, wider than the fins.
  • cooling is effected in a rapid and efficient manner, using means of moderate cost.
  • each sheet is provided in known manner with a slot enabling it to be put in position in the stack by passing it into the slot of a conducting metal sheet and sliding it underneath this sheet.
  • the slots of two adjacent insulating sheets are staggered, in such manner that the path of the leakage lines between the two conducting sheets which they separate is extended by the length of the overlap.
  • each sheet is then only staggered once by one thickness of metal sheet and it is coupled to an adjacent sheet over 270 and with the other adjacent sheet over 90.
  • the coil is formed by a simple stack of elements each composed of two conducting metal sheets and two insulating sheets deformed so as to pass over each other over 90, as shown in the drawing.
  • cooling channels are provided in the whole mass of the stack and from one face of the coil to the other.
  • An arrangement increasing the cooling surface area per sheet, as for peripheral cooling, is then employed.
  • the essential part of this arrangement is shown in cross-section in N63. 6 and 7 for two alternative forms of construction.
  • each cooling channel consists in providing for each cooling channel a succession of openings 33 circular, or better still of oblong shape, which overlap each other from one metal sheet to that next following in the case of FIG. 6.
  • the insulating sheets comprise corresponding openings which are however longer, so as to permit communication between the staggered openings of two successive metal sheets. They project however by I mm. for example beyond the edges of these openings.
  • the path of cooling in tiers shown diagrammatically by a broken line, follows essentially the horizontal overlapping sur faces of the metal sheets, so that the projections of the insulating material do not substantially reduce the contact cooling surface.
  • the copper-water thermal exchange surface has been considerably increased
  • the insulating sheets can be allowed to project between the turns, which improves the quality of the insulation
  • the stack can be clamped by studs, which reinforces the electrical contacts and improves the resistance to electro-dynamic forces.
  • a magnetic coil formed by a stack of conducting metal sheets and insulating sheets, said metal sheets making local contacts such that they form a conducting spiral, in which said metal sheets comprise locally cutout portions, more than two in number, staggered from one metal sheet to the next following metal sheet, and means delimiting a circuit for a cooling fluid against said cut-out portions so that said fluid is in contact with the lateral faces of said metal sheets.
  • each conducting metal sheet has its edges cut-out in castellations so as to form cooling fins in contact with said fluid, said castellations being arranged in staggered relation from one metal sheet to the other and being in contact by their external edge with a casing defining a cooling circuit around said stack.
  • a coil as claimed in claim 1 in which the circuit of said cooling fluid is supplied over the edges of the stack, and in which said stack is kept tight by mechanical means passing through the conducting metal sheets and the insulating sheets.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US194315A 1970-11-18 1971-11-01 Production of magnetic coils for the creation of intense fields Expired - Lifetime US3684992A (en)

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FR7041383A FR2114983B1 (ja) 1970-11-18 1970-11-18

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FR (1) FR2114983B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1335634A (ja)
IT (1) IT942869B (ja)

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US20090154011A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Wen-Chien David Hsiao Magnetic write head having helical coil with a fin structure for reduced heat induced protrusion
US20090249612A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Cedar Ridge Research, Llc. system and method for manufacturing a field emission structure
US20090278642A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2009-11-12 Cedar Ridge Research Llc Field emission system and method
US20110031839A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2011-02-10 Cedar Ridge Research, Llc. System and Method for Energy Generation
US8222986B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2012-07-17 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. Multilevel magnetic system and method for using same
US8279032B1 (en) 2011-03-24 2012-10-02 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. System for detachment of correlated magnetic structures
US8279031B2 (en) 2011-01-20 2012-10-02 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc Multi-level magnetic system for isolation of vibration
US8314672B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2012-11-20 Correlated Magnetics Research LLC Magnetic attachment system having composite magnet structures
US8368495B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2013-02-05 Correlated Magnetics Research LLC System and method for defining magnetic structures
US8373527B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2013-02-12 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc Magnetic attachment system
US8384346B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2013-02-26 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc Techniques for producing an electrical pulse
US8471658B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2013-06-25 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc Magnetic switch for operating a circuit
US8576036B2 (en) 2010-12-10 2013-11-05 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc System and method for affecting flux of multi-pole magnetic structures
US8638016B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2014-01-28 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc Electromagnetic structure having a core element that extends magnetic coupling around opposing surfaces of a circular magnetic structure
US8648681B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2014-02-11 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. Magnetic structure production
US8702437B2 (en) 2011-03-24 2014-04-22 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc Electrical adapter system
US8704626B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2014-04-22 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc System and method for moving an object
US8760251B2 (en) 2010-09-27 2014-06-24 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc System and method for producing stacked field emission structures
US20140191714A1 (en) * 2013-01-04 2014-07-10 Primax Electronics Ltd. Wireless transmitting device for wireless charging
US8779879B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2014-07-15 Correlated Magnetics Research LLC System and method for positioning a multi-pole magnetic structure
US8816805B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2014-08-26 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. Magnetic structure production
US8848973B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2014-09-30 Correlated Magnetics Research LLC System and method for authenticating an optical pattern
US8917154B2 (en) 2012-12-10 2014-12-23 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. System for concentrating magnetic flux
US8937521B2 (en) 2012-12-10 2015-01-20 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. System for concentrating magnetic flux of a multi-pole magnetic structure
US8963380B2 (en) 2011-07-11 2015-02-24 Correlated Magnetics Research LLC. System and method for power generation system
US9105380B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2015-08-11 Correlated Magnetics Research, Llc. Magnetic attachment system
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US10806671B2 (en) 2016-08-21 2020-10-20 West Pharma. Services IL, Ltd. Syringe assembly
US11642285B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2023-05-09 West Pharma. Services IL, Ltd. Dual vial adapter assemblages including twin vented female vial adapters
US11786443B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2023-10-17 West Pharma. Services IL, Ltd. Liquid transfer device with integral telescopic vial adapter for use with infusion liquid container and discrete injection vial
CN117236080A (zh) * 2023-11-14 2023-12-15 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 水冷磁体Bitter片综合应力计算方法及系统

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GB8501710D0 (en) * 1985-01-23 1985-02-27 Horstmann Magnetics Ltd Electromagnetic winding
DE3610690C5 (de) * 1986-03-29 2005-12-08 Magnet-Physik Dr. Steingroever Gmbh Magnetspule mit scheibenförmigem Stromleiter

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Also Published As

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DE2156921A1 (de) 1972-05-31
FR2114983A1 (ja) 1972-07-07
GB1335634A (en) 1973-10-31
IT942869B (it) 1973-04-02
FR2114983B1 (ja) 1974-03-22
DE2156921B2 (de) 1975-07-03

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