US3681151A - Method of producing a basic powder for permanent magnets - Google Patents
Method of producing a basic powder for permanent magnets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3681151A US3681151A US127144A US3681151DA US3681151A US 3681151 A US3681151 A US 3681151A US 127144 A US127144 A US 127144A US 3681151D A US3681151D A US 3681151DA US 3681151 A US3681151 A US 3681151A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- coercive force
- permanent magnets
- grinding
- basic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/0553—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
Definitions
- the permanent magnets manufactured by means of this basic powder are superior to those obtainable by the known grinding methods with respect to the combination of (BH),,,,, and H
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a basic powder forming the building stone for permanentmagnetisable bodies essential for the permanent-magnetic properties, said bodies consisting of a compound having a hexagonal crystal structure and having a range of existence 'which is integral with that of the compound M R in the M-R-system, wherein M represents Co or a combination of Co with one or more of the elements Fe, Ni and Cu and R represents one or more of the elements of the rare earths and/or Th, said powder being obtained by pulverizing castings of the compound.
- the elements of the rare earths are considered herein to include also the element Y.
- the basic powder to be manufactured has to satisfy inter alia the requirement that both the coercive force H and the orientability in a magnetic field should be optimal.
- a measure for this orientability and moreover, for the squareness of the magnetic hysterisis loop, is the ratio a /tr wherein a, is the saturation magnetisation and a, the remanent magnetisation.
- the castings are first crushed, for example, into particles having a maximum diameter of 300 nn, which particles are subsequently pulverized in accordance with the invention.
- H is the coercive force measured on powder ground in argon
- H is the coercive force measured on powder ground by the method in accordance with the invention.
- the 0 /1 curve is found to coincide substantially with that measured on powder ground in an inert atmosphere, the first powder being ground in hydrogen.
- the following table indicates the eifect of the method in accordance with the invention on the magnitude of the coercive force and the orientability of the powder; the values of the coercive force and the orientability are measured on powders pulversized in an argon atmosphere at different hydrogen gas pressures P
- the basic material was invariably a sieved fraction of crushed castings of the composition concerned, the diameter of the particles being at the most 300 pm. Pulverization was carried out in a vibration apparatus in which the grits were subjected to vibrations for 30 minutes.
- Ce(MM) represents Ce-rich mixed metal (Mischmetall) of the following composition: 90% by weight of Ce, 7% by weight of La, remainder further elements of the rare earths.
- the graph of FIG. 4 illustrates the er /d as a function of the hydrogen gas pressure.
- a melt of the compound obtained in known manner by an arc was crushed in a steel impact morsar.
- a fraction of a diameter of less than 300 ,um. was sieved from the grits and transferred to a grinding tub of hardened stamp steel; total weight of the powder about 2 g.
- the grinding tub had a capacity of about cm. and contained 250 steel balls (diameter 3 mm.).
- the tub was closed hermetically as well as the supply ducts between the interior of the tub and an argon or hydrogen gas cylinder respectively were exhausted vacuum (10- mm. Hg). By means of a regulating cock with a reducing valve the pressure in the tub could be adjusted and be kept constant during the vibration process.
- the grinding tub was then transferred to a vibration apparatus and subjected to about 1400 vibrations a minute for 30 minutes. After this vibration process the average granular size was found to be less than 1 am.
- the hydrogen gas employed contained less than 10 p.p.m. of oxygen and/or water vapour.
- the invention also relates to basic powders for the manufacture of permanent magnets by means of the method in accordance with the invention and to permanentmagnetisable bodies, magnetized or non-magnetized and composed from fine particles whose constituent essential for the permanent-magnetic properties is formed by such a basic powder.
- the permanent-magnetisable bodies may be formed from compressed powder or sintered powder.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL7005646A NL7005646A (xx) | 1970-04-18 | 1970-04-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3681151A true US3681151A (en) | 1972-08-01 |
Family
ID=19809884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US127144A Expired - Lifetime US3681151A (en) | 1970-04-18 | 1971-03-23 | Method of producing a basic powder for permanent magnets |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3681151A (xx) |
JP (1) | JPS5021313B1 (xx) |
AU (1) | AU2754771A (xx) |
BE (1) | BE765905A (xx) |
BR (1) | BR7102237D0 (xx) |
CH (1) | CH560955A5 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR2089761A5 (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1313272A (xx) |
NL (1) | NL7005646A (xx) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3970484A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-20 | Hitachi Magnetics Corporation | Sintering methods for cobalt-rare earth alloys |
US3970485A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-20 | Hitachi Magnetics Corporation | Binder and lubricant removal from cobalt-rare earth alloys |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1554384A (en) * | 1977-04-15 | 1979-10-17 | Magnetic Polymers Ltd | Rare earth metal alloy magnets |
DE19751367C2 (de) * | 1997-11-20 | 2002-06-27 | Dresden Ev Inst Festkoerper | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hartmagnetischen, aus einer Samarium-Kobalt-Basis-Legierung bestehenden Pulvers |
DE19751366C2 (de) * | 1997-11-20 | 2002-05-16 | Dresden Ev Inst Festkoerper | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hartmagnetischen Samarium-Kobalt-Basis-Materials |
-
1970
- 1970-04-18 NL NL7005646A patent/NL7005646A/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-03-23 US US127144A patent/US3681151A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-13 AU AU27547/71A patent/AU2754771A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-04-15 JP JP46023523A patent/JPS5021313B1/ja active Pending
- 1971-04-15 CH CH551571A patent/CH560955A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-04-15 BR BR2237/71A patent/BR7102237D0/pt unknown
- 1971-04-16 FR FR7113486A patent/FR2089761A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-04-16 BE BE765905A patent/BE765905A/xx unknown
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2710071*A patent/GB1313272A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3970484A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-20 | Hitachi Magnetics Corporation | Sintering methods for cobalt-rare earth alloys |
US3970485A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-07-20 | Hitachi Magnetics Corporation | Binder and lubricant removal from cobalt-rare earth alloys |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2113932B2 (de) | 1976-03-18 |
CH560955A5 (xx) | 1975-04-15 |
FR2089761A5 (xx) | 1972-01-07 |
AU2754771A (en) | 1972-10-19 |
GB1313272A (en) | 1973-04-11 |
NL7005646A (xx) | 1971-10-20 |
JPS5021313B1 (xx) | 1975-07-22 |
DE2113932A1 (de) | 1971-11-11 |
BR7102237D0 (pt) | 1973-04-19 |
BE765905A (fr) | 1971-10-18 |
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